Knight a Lupanga. Zida konsekonse

zida konsekonse masamba palibe aliyense osayanjanitsika. Izo nthawizonse zimabala amaonekera wokongola kwambiri ndipo ngakhale matsenga. Iwo amalenga kumverera kuti inu mu storied zapitazi, pamene zinthu izi zinali kugwiritsidwa kwambiri ambiri.

Kumene ngati chida ndi chowonjezera wangwiro liza mkati. Office, chokongoletsedwa ndi zitsanzo zazikulu zida wakale adzayang'ana chidwi kwambiri ndi chachimuna.

Zinthu monga Mwachitsanzo, malupanga akale, osangalatsa anthu ambiri monga umboni wapadera wa zimene zinachitika kalelo.

Zida konsekonse

Medieval oyenda zida akufanana ndi lupanga. m'litali ndi zosakwana 60 cm, tsamba ali kumapeto kwake tsamba, amene mogwirizana.

Daggers ndi rouelles mahatchi ankhondo anali atakonzekera ndi ambiri. zida izi yakale yoyendera kupeza n'kovuta kwambiri.

Zida kowopsya wa nthawi imeneyo anali ndi Chidanishi nkhondo nkhwangwa. Tsamba lonse izo - semicircular mawonekedwe. Apakavalo pa nkhondo yomwe inachitika ndi manja onse awiri. oyenda nkhwangwa anakwiriridwa pa migodi yaitali ndipo analola kuti mofanana bwino kuchita stitching ndi chopping ndi kukokera mkwapulo wa Kwera. Nkhwangwa woyamba amatchedwa guisarme kenako, mu Flemish - godendakami. Iwo anali ngati zinachitika wa halberd lapansi. The zakale zida yakale yoyendera akusonkhanitsa kwambiri alendo.

Ankhondo anali atakonzekera ndi maces matabwa modzaza misomali. Mu tizirombo nawo analinso mtundu wa kalabu kuti ali ndi mutu avundulidwe. Pakuti kugwirizana kwa kutsinde kapena unyolo anatumikira monga tether a. zida zotere Ankhondo osati ambiri monga Tampering akhoza kuchita zambiri eni zoipa mfuti kuposa mdani wake.

Mikondo zinalengedwa zambiri yaitali kwambiri ndi kutsinde phulusa Pamapeto pa zisonga chidutswa tsamba zooneka chitsulo. Kuti akanthe chochekera sanasiye pansi pa mkono, kupanga n'zosatheka kuonetsetsa mfuti. kutsinde sanali kupitirira pa mlingo wa miyendo horizontally, wosasamalira patsogolo kota ya m'litali, kotero kuti mdani kunagwa mmimba. nkhonya chonchi, pamene panali Ankhondo nkhondo wachulukitsa zoyenda mwamsanga wokwera pa, imfa, kaya makalata. Komabe, kulimbana ndi kutalika mkondo (kufika mamita asanu). Zinali zovuta kwambiri. Kuchita izi, izo anafunika mphamvu chidwi ndi see, chochitika yaitali wokwera ndi mchitidwe ulamuliro manja. Pamene kusintha mkondo ankavala vertically, kuika kwenikweni mu zikopa nsapato kuti Anapachikidwa pafupi stirrup bwino.

Mwa zida anakumana Turkey uta, amene anali unakhota awiri ndi kuponya mivi pa mtunda wautali ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Muvi kugunda mdani, kuteteza mamita mazana awiri kuchokera kuwombera. Uta yopangidwa yew nkhuni, kutalika kwake kunafika mamita imodzi ndi theka. Mu mchira wa Boom yopezeka nthenga ndi mapiko chikopa. Zhelezko miviyo anafunika masanjidwe osiyana.

Iwo kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito oyenda crossbow, chifukwa, ngakhale kuti pokonzekera kuwombera adatenga nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi kuponya muvi ndi uta zosiyanasiyana ndi lolondola kuwombera ali wamkulu. Mbali imeneyi walola izi mtundu wa chida kupulumuka mpaka m'zaka XVI, pamene m'malo mwa firearm a.

damask

Kuyambira kale, khalidwe la zida wankhondo amaonedwa zofunika kwambiri. Metallurgists amakedzana zina anakwanitsa kuposa ochiritsira ductile chitsulo, kukwaniritsa phokoso yopangira zitsulo. Zitsulo amapangidwa makamaka malupanga. Chifukwa katundu ake ochepa zinaimira chuma ndi mphamvu.

Information pa kupanga kugawa cholimba zitsulo kugwirizana ndi Damasiko gunsmith. Kagwiridwe chiphaso ake wazunguliridwa ndi aura chinsinsi ndi nthano zodabwitsa.

Ogwira chida wa zitsulo anachokera Wampekera, amene anali ku Siriya wa Damasiko. Iwo anamanga mfumu ina Diocletian. Panopa a ku Damasiko zitsulo, ndemanga imene adaguduka kupitirira Syria. Mipeni ndi daggers wa nkhaniyi litapita ndi Ankhondo a Nkhondo za Mtanda zikho za mtengo wapatali. Iwo anali mu nyumba ya olemera ndi wadutsa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo, monga heirloom banja. Zitsulo lupanga la Damasiko zitsulo nthawi zonse ankaona m'chipani.

Koma kwa zaka mbuye wa Damasiko, zinsinsi za chitsulo wapadera mosamalitsa anali.

Chinsinsi cha Damasiko zitsulo anali zidzaululika kwathunthu kokha m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Anapeza kuti ingot choyambirira ayenera kupezeka aluminiyamu, mpweya ndi silika. Icho chinali chapadera ndi tempering njira. Damasiko ambuye kuti kuziziritsa red-hot kulipira wa zitsulo anathandiza ndege ya mpweya wozizira.

asilikaliwo lupanga

Katana linatulutsidwa padziko m'ma XV. Ngakhale sizimawoneka, asilikaliwo lupanga ntchito tachi, amene ali katundu kwambiri anataya Catania.

Zitsulo, amene amapanga lupanga mwapadera linapanga ndi mtima. Pamene n'kufa asilikaliwo zina lupanga lake anaperekedwa mdani. Pambuyo asilikaliwo malamulo limanena kuti zida zoyembekezeka pochitika, wankhondo ndi utumiki kwa mwini latsopano.

Katana lupanga munaupereka monga cholowa, monga mwa chifuniro cha asilikaliwo pa. mwambo lili lero. Kuyambira zaka 5 mnyamata wachikulire chilolezo kuvala lupanga mtengo. Kenako mzimu wa wankhondo ofalitsidwa ndi kuuma kwa iye anayamba lupanga. Kamodzi banja la olemekezeka wakale Japanese anabadwa mnyamata kwa iye mwakamodzi analamula lupanga mu wosula shopu. Pa nthawi imene mnyamata inasanduka munthu, katana wake lupanga kale.

Master kubala wina unit wa zida zimenezi, nthawi chofunika kwa chaka. Nthawi zina ambuye wakale choona kuti lupanga, anatenga zaka 15. Komabe, mbuye nthawi yomweyo chinkhoswe mu kupanga malupanga angapo. Pali mwayi kuti alimbikire lupanga mofulumira, koma sadzakhala ndi katana.

Kupita kunkhondo, asilikaliwo katana anawomberedwa ndi amuna onse a zodzikongoletsera ake. Koma pamaso tsiku ndi lupanga wake wokondedwa wokometsedwera m'zonse munthu amene anasankhidwa kuti amamvetsa mphamvu ya mtundu wake ndi solvency ya anthu.

lupanga lakuthwa chimanjamanja

Ngati lupanga lakonzedwa kuti amafuna nsinga okha ndi manja onse, lupanga mu nkhani iyi akutchedwa awiri chimanjamanja. Utali wa Ankhondo awiri chimanjamanja lupanga anafika mamita 2, ndipo anavala pa phewa lake popanda scabbard. Mwachitsanzo, lupanga lakuthwa chimanjamanja anali atakonzekera ndi Swiss oyenda m'zaka XVI. Ankhondo malupanga awiri chimanjamanja anapatsidwa malo kutsogolo kwa dongosolo lomenyera nkhondo: ntchito yawo inali kuthyolako ndi kuwombera pansi adani nthungo, anali ndi kutalika kwambiri. Monga nkhondowo chida malupanga awiri chimanjamanja ali sanatumikirepo kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuyambira cha m'ma XVII, iwo unachita mwambo wa manja aulemu pafupi mbendela.

Mu XIV m'ma m'mizinda Italy ndi Spanish anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito lupanga, sakufuna Ankhondo. Iwo anachita okhalamo mzinda ndi anthu wamba. Iye poyerekeza ndi lupanga mwachizolowezi anali kulemera ang'onoang'ono ndi kutalika.

Tsopano alipo European gulu la lupanga lakuthwa chimanjamanja ayenera kutalika masentimita 150. M'lifupi mwa tsamba 60 mm, ndi chogwirira ali kutalika mamilimita 300. Kulemera kwa lupanga kuchokera 3.5 kuti 5 kg.

Malupanga lalikulu

Special, kawirikawiri mtima kwambiri malupanga molunjika anali munthu wamkulu awiri chimanjamanja lupanga. Izo zikhoza kufika makilogalamu 8 kulemera, ndipo anali kutalika mamita 2. Kuti tilimbane ndi chida, kunafuna kuti mphamvu yapadera ndi njira zachilendo.

malupanga n'njokhota

Ngati nkhondo wakale iliyonse kumenyana okha, nthawi zambiri akuponya kunja kwa dongosolo okwana, kenako pa akungoonerera, kumene Ankhondo nkhondo kunachitika, anayamba kufalitsa machenjerero nkhondo osiyana. Tsopano anafunikira chitetezo mmaudindo, ndi udindo wa ankhondo malupanga awiri chimanjamanja, posatuluka gulu la malo munthu wa nkhondo. Kukhala kwenikweni kudzipha kumenya nkhondo pansi pa mzere, pomenyana spearheads malupanga awiri chimanjamanja, ndi kutsegula njira pikemen.

Panthawi imeneyi, anthu lupanga Ankhondo otchuka, ndi "lamoto" tsamba. Iwo kupangidwa kale kuti ndipo chimagwiritsidwa kufalitsa m'zaka XVI. Landsknechts greatsword ntchito ndi macheka amenewa, ikutchedwa Flamberge (ku French "lawi"). Tsamba kutalika Flamberge anafika 1,40 m. Pakakhala masentimita 60 anali chilonda pakhungu. Flamberge tsamba anali wopindidwa. Amapezerapo ngati lupanga Zinali zovuta kwambiri, komanso lakuthwa tsamba kukhala yokhota kumapeto zotsogola, zinali zovuta. Mwambowu ndi zokambirana okonzeka ndi aluso.

Koma nkhonyayo lupanga Flamberge amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabala akuya a mtundu odulidwa amene bwino anayankha chithandizo pa boma lomwelo la zamankhwala. Yokhota kumapeto awiri chimanjamanja lupanga chinaperekedwa mabala, zimayambitsa chilonda, kutanthauza kuti imfa ya mdani ikukula.

Knights Templar

Ochepa mabungwe amenewa kukhalapo, amene amacheza ndi chofunda ngati mwachinsinsi ndi amene mbiri ndi maganizo Akuti. The chidwi olemba ndi mbiri yakale anakopeka mbiri wolemera wa Order, mipingu mwachinsinsi kuti anapanga Knights Templar. Chidwi kwambiri ndi imfa yawo yolakwika pa mtengo umene unagunda French Mfumu Philip Fair. Knights atavala malaya akunja woyera ndi mtanda wofiira pa chifuwa, anafotokoza mu mabuku osiyanasiyana. Pakuti ena, iwo amaoneka kumbuyo wooneka opanda cholakwa ndi mosaopa ankhondo a Khristu, kwa ena ndi chinyengo ndi amwano olamulira amphamvu swaggering kapena wobwereketsayo, kufalitsa tentacles ku Ulaya. Zinafika ndi chakuti ananena kuti kupembedza mafano ndi kunyoza. Kodi n'zotheka kusiyanitsa zoona mabodza mu izi anapereka mfundo zotsutsana kwathunthu? Kutembenukira ku magwero amakezana, n'kuyesayesa zimene tingati dongosolo ili.

The Order ali ndi malangizo osavuta komanso ovuta ndipo malamulo ofanana ndi malamulo a Chimonko Cistercian. Malamulo awa mkati Ankhondo ayenera kutsogolera yosangalala, zoyera moyo. Iwo anali ndi mlandu kudula tsitsi, koma simungathe kumeta ndevu. Ndevu Templar allocated ku misa ambiri, kumene amuna lolemera anali atameta. Komanso, Ankhondo anali kuvala mwinjiro woyera kapena chofunda chomwe pambuyo inasanduka chofunda woyera, umene wakhala khalidwe lawo. White odula yophiphiritsira ananena kuti Knight m'malo mwake anakhala ndi moyo zakuda mu utumiki wa Mulungu, lowala ndi ungwiro.

lupanga Templar

Lupanga la Knights Templar analambira abwino kwambiri zida kwa anthu a Order. Kumene, zotsatira za nkhondowo ntchito mwachuluka amadalira luso la mwini. Zida amasiyana mwanzeru. misa anagawa pa kutalika lonse wa tsamba. lupanga kulemera anali 1.3-3 makilogalamu. lupanga Ankhondo Templar linapanga pamanja, ntchito monga kuyambira zinthu motsimikiza ndi kusintha zitsulo. Mkati anaika chitsulo pachimake.

Russian lupanga

Lupanga ndi awiri konsekonse melee zida ntchito nkhondo pafupi.

Pafupifupi m'zaka za zana XIII, lupanga si lakuthwa, popeza adayikidwa makamaka akuigwiritsa nkhonya. Annals kufotokoza cholinga choyamba yekha mu 1255.

Manda a Asilavo akale ndi malupanga kusonyeza IX m'ma Komabe, nthawi zambiri, chida ichi ankadziwika kuti makolo athu ngakhale kale. Kungotanthauza kuti mwambo uwu nyengo definitively kudziwa lupanga ndipo mwiniwake. Pankhaniyi, womwalirayo kupereka manja ndi ku dziko lina, chikudziwikabe kuteteza gulu. Mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha blacksmithing, pamene ambiri njira ya kulipira ozizira, amene si ogwira lupanga ankaona chuma chachikulu, chotero kuti ganizo la mwambo wa m'dziko lao, palibe munthu adza kwa maganizo. Choncho malupanga wapeza archeologists ankaona bwino kwambiri.

Woyamba Asilavo Malupanga ofukula anawagawa osiyanasiyana, anasiyana nsinga ndi crosspiece. Masamba ali ofanana kwambiri. Iwo ndi kutalika kwa 1 m, ndi m'lifupi mwake m'chigawo cha chogwirira 70 mm, pang'onopang'ono tapering kwa mapeto. Mu gawo pakati pa tsamba anali madola kuti "krovospuskom" molakwika otchedwa nthawi. Poyamba USD anapanga yotakata zokwanira, koma ndiye anakhala yopapatiza kwambiri pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamapeto, ndipo kwambiri.

Dole anatumikira Ndipotu kuchepetsa kulemera kwa chida. magazi si mlandu, monga amakankhira lupanga pamene nkomwe ntchito. Zitsulo Tsamba pansi kuvala wapadera, zomwe anaonetsetsa mphamvu yake yapamwamba. lupanga Russian ali ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu. Malupanga anali asilikali onse. Inali nthawi kuti zida zodula kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito kupanga lupanga wabwino unali wautali ndi zovuta. Komanso, kukhala lupanga anafuna ndi mwini mphamvu yake yaikulu yakuthupi ndi see.

anali luso limene linapangidwa Russian lupanga, amene anali ndi choyenera kutchuka m'mayiko pamene wakhala ntchito chiyani? Pakati pa ozizira zida mkulu khalidwe nkhondowo pafupi chochititsa chidwi damask. Ofunikira makamaka wachitsulo mpweya zili ndalama kuposa 1%, ndi kugawa ake m'goli mu zitsulo. Lupanga, omwe anapangidwa kwa damask zitsulo ankatha kudula chitsulo ndipo ngakhale zitsulo. Komabe, iye anali kusintha kwambiri ndi ambike pamene ndichotse mu mphete. Komabe, Damasiko zitsulo anali pa sangathe lalikulu: kumakhaladi Chimaona ndi akuswa pa otsika kutentha, kotero Russian yozizira pafupifupi osati ntchito.

Kuti damask zitsulo, Asilavo blacksmiths apangidwe kapena anapotoza mipiringidzo yachitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi prokovyvali iwo nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa cha mobwerezabwereza opaleshoni imeneyi, olimba zitsulo gulu. Zinali iye amene anachititsa kuti kubala woonda malupanga zokwanira popanda kutaya mphamvu. Damasiko zitsulo n'kupanga nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha tsamba, ndi m'mphepete welded masamba zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi okhutira mkulu mpweya. dzimbiri chinapezeka carburizing - Kutentha ntchito mpweya impregnated zitsulo ndi kuonjezera kuuma ake. Lupanga mosavuta kudula kudzera zida mdani, kotero nthawi zambiri zopangidwa ndi zitsulo otsika kalasi. iwo anathanso pererubat masamba a malupanga, omwe anapangidwa si bwino.

Katswiri aliyense amadziwa kuti chitsulo kuwotcherera ndi zitsulo, amene akusiyana kusungunuka, - njira yofuna yaikulu mbuye wosula luso. Pa deta chomwecho ofukula zinthu zakale ndi chitsimikiziro kuti m'zaka za m'ma IX wathu Asilavo makolo wogwidwa luso limeneli.

Mu sayansi ananyamuka kukomeza. Nthawi zambiri kunapezeka kuti lupanga, zomwe akatswiri amanena kuti Scandinavia ndi unaperekedwa ku Russia. Pofuna kusiyanitsa chabwino damask lupanga, ogula woyamba kufufuzidwa zida motere: kuchokera pitani kakang'ono pa tsamba phokoso woyera ndi phokoso yaitali, ndi apamwamba ndi, ndi oyera mphete, ndi apamwamba khalidwe la damask zitsulo. damask ndiye anawayesa elasticity kaya kupindika, ngati inu kuika tsamba mutu wake ndi kugwada pansi ndi makutu sizidzachitika. Ngati, pambuyo kudutsa mayesero awiri oyamba, tsamba mosavuta amangomvera misomali wandiweyani, kudula mu izo ndi tupyas ndi zosavuta kudula chuma woonda kuti anaponyedwa pa tsamba, izo zikanakhala zotheka amaganiza kuti chida wayesedwa. Ambiri malupanga nthawi zambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi ngale. Tsopano chandamale la okhometsa ambiri ndi ofunika monga golide.

Mu njira ya chitukuko cha malupanga chitukuko, komanso zida zina, akukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Poyamba, iwo ali wamfupi ndi kosavuta. Kawirikawiri kupeza kutalika kwa masentimita 80 ndi kulemera kwa 1 makilogalamu. Malupanga XII-XIII zaka zambiri, monga nthawi zambiri ntchito kuwaza, koma tsopano muli mphamvu ndi kuwaza.

Awiri chimanjamanja lupanga Russia

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali mtundu wina wa malupanga awiri chimanjamanja. misa ukufika 2 makilogalamu, kutalika abwera 1.2 m. ndewu njira kwambiri kusinthidwa ndi lupanga. Iye akuthamanga scabbard matabwa okutidwa ndi chikopa. Panali mbali ziwiri za m'chimake ndi - nsonga ndi pakamwa. M'chimake zambiri chokongoletsedwa ngati molemera ngati lupanga. Panali nthawi zina pamene mtengo wa zida n'kopindulitsa kwambiri otsala a mwini chuma.

Nthawi zambiri, moyo wapamwamba wa pokhala nalo lupanga akanatha druzhinnik Prince, nthawizina - wolemera militiaman. Lupanga ntchito oyenda ndi apakavalo m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Komabe, galeta lake kwambiri mbamuikha lupanga, ndilo yabwino kwambiri dongosolo Kukwera Akavalo. Ngakhale izi, lupanga, mosiyana ndi lupanga, zida moona Russian.

lupanga Romanesque

m'banja limeneli malupanga akale mpaka 1300 ndipo kupitirira. Kwa iwo, yodziwika ndi tsamba zisonga ndi chogwirira cha chogwirira cha kutalika kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi chogwirira akhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana. malupanga awo adawoneka ndi zikamera wa kalasi knightly. Kugawana nkhuni kuvala shank ndi akhoza atakulungidwa chikopa chingwe kapena waya. Last bwino monga magolovesi zitsulo chinang'ambika m'chimake a khungu.