Matenda nkhadze. Features wa cacti kukula mu nyumba

Cacti - chilengedwe zodabwitsa za chilengedwe kuti akhoza kupanga m'mlengalenga wapadera kunyumba kapena ofesi. The zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa, wosakhwima kukongola kwa maluwa awo, kuchiritsa zimatha ambiri a iwo ndi kuphweka kwa yokonza - zonsezi ndi njira yodabwitsa kuyamba nkhadze m'nyumba.

mitundu ya cacti

Dziko la cacti ndi zigawo louma la Africa, Canada ndi America. Iwo agawidwa mu nkhalango ndi chipululu, pa zenera sills mwangwiro ndinazoloŵera ndi anthu ndipo ena. Ngakhale pali anthu ankakhulupirira kuti succulents izi ndi wodzichepetsa, koma pamaso panu muthanso prickly "bwenzi", muyenera kudziwa kuti akhoza kudwala matenda imodzi kapena nkhadze wina, ali adani nkhope ya tizirombo, ndiponso kumafuna mofanana komanso nthumwi zina za zomera ndi.

Chifukwa nkhalango mitundu monga:

• Rhipsalidopsis Gartner - chomera achuluka ukufalikira maluwa okongola lalikulu pinki mitundu njerwa zofiira.
• Fillokaktus Ackerman ali yaitali zimayambira pang'ono wavy pa konsekonse. Limamasula maluwa lalikulu mu May ndi June.
• Nkhadze Schlumberger Buckley ndi wodziwika kwambiri pakati wamaluwa monga "Decembrist". Ilinso ndi arcuate yokhota kumapeto zimayambira, amene anawagawa zigawo yaing'ono. Izo limamasula kuchokera November kuti January, pinki, oyera, ofiirira kapena maluwa ofiira.

Izi ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya anthu amene ali m'nyumba. Izi cacti pa zenera kuyang'ana chidwi, monga zachilendo zomera zimayambira mawonekedwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo kukula mu nkhalango zotentha za makungwa a mitengo. ntchito yaikulu - maluwa okongola. Pofuna kukwaniritsa maluwa awo, muyenera kudziwa ena mokoma kuwasamalira, koma ambiri sali makamaka fastidious.

oimira chipululu

m'chipululu awo "asuweni" ndi ambiri pawindo, ndi anthu otchuka pakati pawo ndi:

• Ariocarpus - ndi otsika ndi lathyathyathya tsinde, yokutidwa ndi kufwanyulira. Wokongola woyera maluwa masamba.
• Astrophytums ndi mawonekedwe zozungulira ndi ribbing osowa. Nthawi zina pali nthawi ya mtundu uwu mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi.

• Aztekium - mtundu uwu wa mitundu 2 yekha wa nkhadze ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza ndi nthiti kutchulidwa ndi pafupifupi thornless.
• Gymnocalycium - mitundu wambiri wa cacti, amene kufanana wamba: maluwa awo chubu ulibe tsitsi.
• Cleistocactus anachokera otentha lamapiri mtunda. Ali cylindrical zimayambira kuli yokutidwa ndi spines yaing'ono. Perekani maluwa zambiri.
• Parody - mtundu wa kakang'ono cacti, yodziwika ndi ambiri masamba. Amafanana kakang'ono mipira fluffy.
• Echinopsis - kwambiri pafupipafupi "alendo" mu florist mawindo. Zimakhala kuzungulira ndi mawonekedwe elongated, pachimake ndi amazipanga kukongola maluwa lalikulu.

Si mitundu yonse ya cacti, ndipo kawirikawiri munthu ayenera kuonekera pawindo, ngati mukufuna kugula wina, koma mitundu ina, ndiyeno lotsatira ndi zina zotero. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kulima cacti - chizolowezi weniweni obweretsa chapadera pamene Timayamikira chikondi ndi chisamaliro cha zomera kukumana maluwa.

Kusamalira cacti: kuunikira ndi kuthirira

Asanayambe kukula cacti, ayenera adziwe zinthu zomwe zimachitikira oimira ambiri a mtundu wa mbewu.

• Kunyumba cacti nthawi kukula kumayambira masika.
• Kuyambira mu March, mpaka kumapeto a October, zomera safunika kuthirira m'mawa.
• M'nthawi ya chilimwe, iwo amafuna chakudya zina, zimene ziyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa sabata phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza.
• M'nyengo yozizira, zomera ayenera kupuma, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ayeretse youma, koma ozizira chipinda.

Isanafike kudzala nkhadze, muyenera kusankha malo oyenera, kapena kulenga kuyatsa yokumba, amene kwakukulukulu zimadalira umoyo wa zomera.

Cacti ngati malo owala, komanso ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zomera simulandira dzuwa amayaka. Izi ndi zowona makamaka ndi nyama. Ngati nkhadze anayamba kusintha mtundu, tiyenera nthawi yomweyo mu mthunzi, ndi utsi malo anakhudzidwa ndi njira ya magnesium sulphate.

Ngakhale chipululu mitundu succulents ali anazolowera kwa nyengo yotentha, pambuyo pa zonse, zimadalira pa mtundu wa nkhadze. Kwa ambiri a iwo kutentha mulingo woyenera m'chilimwe ndi madigiri 35, kotero musati kuwasunga iwo mu dzuwa.

M'nyengo yozizira, maluwa akufunikira kuyatsa, amene mungagwiritse ntchito nyali fulorosenti.

Kutsirira ayenera komanso zosoŵa za mbewu, malingana ndi mtundu wake, koma nthawi zambiri pafupipafupi m'chilimwe ndi zokhazo 1-2 pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira. Cacti amakonda kuthetsa zofewa, yophika ndi madzi osasankhidwa.

Kutsirira zikhoza kuchitidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndipo kudzera thireyi, ndi mu masiku makamaka otentha tikulimbikitsidwa kuti Komanso utsi ndi "mphaka".

Thirani prickly "bwenzi"

Ankalumikiza cacti kunyumba ayenera kuyamba ndi mphamvu zakusankha, kukonzekera nthaka ndi mokakamizidwa anayendera chomera lokha. Akukhulupirira kuti kuziika pa nthawi iliyonse, koma ndi bwino kudikira mpaka nyengo kukula, mwachitsanzo, May ndi June kapena August-September.

Kufunika kwa njirayi kumachitika ngati mphamvu ndi yaing'ono kapena akuwonetseredwa matenda ena aliwonse. Nkhadze Mwachitsanzo, adaleka kukula, khungu lake chinazilala ndipo anataya elasticity, ndi mizu amakhala "kuthawa" kuchokera mphika, ndiye nthawi yafika. Malinga zosiyanasiyana, iwo angayambe zaka 2-6.

Pamaso pa chiyambi cha "ntchito" m'pofunika kukumbukira tipewe ngozi ndipo ateteze manja awo kwa singano wake.

Kuti tichite zimenezi, agwirizane ndi magolovesi wandiweyani, apangidwe mu zigawo zingapo za pepala kapena angapo zidutswa za thovu. amalima anakumana ntchito mbano wapadera kuti lingathe kukopedwa pa duwa shopu.

Zofunika kudziwa: mungathe kukoka nkhadze ku mphika! Akugwira mphamvu zomera ayenera kukalowa ndi modekha kuyigwedeza. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kugogoda pa mphika.

Ndondomeko kumuika succulents

Ankalumikiza nkhadze zotsatirazi magawo chikuchitika mu nyumba:

• Chotsani zomera mizu padziko lapansi ndi kuchotsa nthambi iliyonse matenda kapena akufa.
• Zisiyeni izo mu chiwiya chopanda kanthu kwa masiku angapo popanda phunziroli kwa bala anazolowera.
• Angatetezere zomera ku matenda zotheka a dongosolo muzu, n'zotheka kukonza kusamba otentha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, unadulidwa makatoni mchikuta zooneka thanki, kuboola kwa mizu. Kutsanulira mu kusamba + madigiri madzi 50-55 ndi mizu m'munsi M'menemo threading iwo mdzenje ndi khazikitsa nkhadze pa choyikapo chake. ndondomeko kumatenga za Mphindi 20, kenako chomera ayenera kuperekedwa kuti ziume, zomwe zingatenge masiku 2-3.
• Wokonzeka phunziroli kwa nkhadze kapena kuphika yekha (coarse mchenga mix ndi chilengedwe chonse ndi chabwino miyala pansi 1: 1: 1) kutsanulira mu mphika pa kukodzedwa wosanjikiza dothi.
• Bwinobwino chomera mu chidebe, kufalitsa mizu ndi kuphimba ndi nthaka.

Zofunika kudziwa: lapansi pamene chodzala sayenera ting'onoting'ono basi mwina manja kapena pogogoda pa mphika. Ngati mbewu mkulu, mpaka nthawi pochimanga mu malo atsopano, iwo ayenera kubwerera.

Pa Thirani nkhadze ana, ngati, anasiyanitsidwa ndi anabzala muli munthu. Nkofunika tipewe kudzivulaza mizu achinyamata.

Kodi kusankha chidebe kwa nkhadze

Kusankha miphika ya cacti, m'pofunika kuona kuti latsopano "nyumba" akhale 3-4 masentimita lalikulu kuposa anthu m'mbuyomo. Mfundo zofunikira akuti ndi pulasitiki chifukwa cha mtengo wake otsika, lalikulu kusankha mitundu ndi kulemera kuwala. Amene amakonda zipangizo zachilengedwe, kugula ziwiya zadothi, koma muli pulasitiki akuluakulu kusankha njira, umene uli wofunika kwambiri kwa mtundu uwu wa zomera. Malinga ndi zimene muzu wa nkhadze, mukhoza kugula mkulu ndi yopapatiza mphika (kwa m'munsi wandiweyani) kapena aafupi, koma lonse (ndi spines yaitali ndi zopyapyala).

Ngati nkhadze ndi anavulala

Nthawi zina, matenda zikuchoka nkhadze chifukwa zoopsa makina. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuwapeza kukhudzana ndi cheza ultraviolet, ngati yosayenera kupatsidwa zina kapena pamene kugwa kwa mphika ndi chomera kumtunda pansi.

Pankhaniyi, mavuto ake thanzi adzasonyeza ngati "Zizindikiro":

• redness kuti kumachitika pamene dzuŵa mwachindunji;
• zomera makwinya pamwamba limasonyeza supercooling ake;
• amaoneka mawanga bulauni, ndiye nthaka ladzala ndi feteleza pa cacti, kapena iye mu malo lonyowa kwambiri;
• Mphukira kukula kumangidwa zikusonyeza kuti mbewu madzi ozizira kwa iye.

Ngati kuwononga makina yokwanira kusintha zinthu m'ndende ya nkhadze kapena thanzi chilonda ndi yankho tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Disease pansi matenda thupi

Matenda nkhadze mukhoza kupeza chifukwa matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. kuvutika njirazi ndi izi:

• etiolation - kumachitika pamene chosowa kuwala ndipo zikuoneka ngati khungu discolored ndipo anatambasula kutalika;
• ndi kuchepa kwa zazikulu - ndi kufufuza zinthu matenda chidawoneka:
  • kukula chopinga, zomwe zimabweretsa kusowa asafe;
  • ochekenera nkhadze zimasiyanasiyana ndi akusowa fluorine, umene uli wofunika kwa mayamwidwe asafe;
  • mapangidwe mawanga utoto amachititsa kuchepa kwa sulfure;
  • oyima muzu kukula kashiamu pamene sikokwanira;
  • Ngati chomera chikule anachedwa, ndiye pamafunika mankhwala enaake a;
  • detkovanie kwambiri choncho chifukwa kusowa nthaka;
  • chomera zimaleka kukula pamene sadziwa mkuwa, boron, molybdenum, ayodini ndi chlorine.

Matenda amenewa angakhale ndi nkhadze. Matenda ndi mankhwala a zomera zambiri zimadalira mlingo wa kusamalira iwo, womwenso umuna yake, kusunga kutentha, kuunikira ndi mfundo kuthirira, zikuchokera nthaka.

matenda a mafangasi

Musanayambe kudzala nkhadze, ndi bwino calcine pansi kupewa matenda zotheka chifukwa cha bowa, mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo matenda:

• Mochedwa choipitsa - ndi mafangasi matenda amene anawononga mizu ya mbewu ndi patsinde pa tsinde ndi. Kusamvana kwa nkhadze akhoza anafika ku zomera yapafupi, masamba ndi zipatso. Chithandizo ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides ndi chithandizo mawola 3-4 malo owonongeka. Zothandiza mu yoyenga yimitsidwa "chakudya youma". Kupanda chinyezi sadzalola bowa kufalitsa ndi malo zowonongeka idzapita paokha.

Nkofunika kudziwa: Boma la kunyalanyaza matenda kumabweretsa imfa ya mbewu. Pankhaniyi, izo ziyenera kuwonongeka pamodzi ndi nthaka, ndi chidebe bwinobwino kuchapidwa ndi motetezedwa kuti tizilombo toononga.

• Fusarium choipitsa - bowa kuti kumachitika pamene pali kwambiri madzi zomera kapena muli malo chinyezi kwambiri. Kunja, matenda kumaonekera monga makwinya ya tsinde ndi ake yothothola. Choyamba abweza chikasu, ndiye bulauni mtundu afika pa kolala muzu, ndi wakuda "zipatso" anapanga mu mkhalidwe kunyalanyaza mu thupi la nkhadze lapansi. Pakuti kupewa mankhwala idzachitika fundazol, kuyan'ana khalidwe la ulimi kuletsa madzi stagnation. Chithandizo ikuchitika mu mawonekedwe a kuchotsa malo owonongeka ndi chithandizo cha zilonda wanzeru wobiriwira, imvi kapena makala.
• Gray nkhungu - bowa lina limene limatsutsa sidewall pa tsinde kapena malo vaccinations anali opangidwa. Choncho odwala mbali kukhala mushy wokutidwa ndi imvi pachimake. Pewani chinyezi kwambiri nthaka, ndi mbali kuonongeka kuchotsedwa ndi bala kuwaza Nystatin kapena sulfa.
• Alternaria (wakuda zowola) - matenda a mafangasi akuwonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a Madontho wakuda yonyowa pokonza ndi chonyezimira bulauni Madontho madzi pa thupi mbewu. Chithandizo yekha ndi kuchotsa malo onse owonongeka mpaka minofu wathanzi, chimene chili chofunika pokonza sulfure.

Si matenda onse a mafangasi a cacti, koma nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha asayembekezere kukukhala amphamvu nthaka chinyezi ndi mphepo mu chipinda kumene mbewu ofunika. Kupewa mavuto, ndi bwino nthawi kuthirira nkhadze fungicide ndi kuonetsetsa kuti m'dziko pakati waterings kwathunthu adzauma.

Tizirombo timene timakhala

Oddly okwanira, koma nkhadze zikhoza kugwida ndi majeremusi, komanso mitundu ina ya houseplants. Chifukwa cha matenda awo ingakhale monga iyi:

• Mealybug - masamba apezeka kuonekera woyera, ofanana ndi ubweya. Pamene zikuoneka kuti kuchotsedwa sanatiitane "mlendo" ndi tweezers kapena burashi, ndiyeno kuchitira pamwamba pa duwa adyo njira mowa. Pambuyo mbewu sayenera poyera kwa dzuwa cheza mwezi. Ngati chotupa ndi lalikulu kwambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fufanona ndi aktellik.
• Kangaude mite ndi zochepa kuonekera, koma limapezeka pa nkhadze, ngati mpweya m'nyumba ndi kouma. Iye kwenikweni imayamwa madzi onse kwa mbewu, tsinde lake pamene chikasu. Inu akhoza kulimbana ndi yankho sopo.
• Nematode - mawonekedwe zosasangalatsa kwambiri a njoka zam'mimba, ndilo zovuta kusamalira. Pa kudziwika nematodes mizu yonse kuonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndi zomera ndi kuziika mu nthaka latsopano ndi miphika ya cacti.

Awa ndi majeremusi zazikulu zimene zingasokoneze prickly Pet. nthawi kwambiri kupeza vuto ndi kukonza mpaka chomera alibe akukonza ngozi.