Mapuloteni ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri, zomwe ndi mbali ya madzi a m'magazi

Mtengo wa magazi sangakhoze kukambapo. madzi Izi kwathunthu likukwaniritsa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zotuluka mankhwala kungotaya kagayidwe. Ndi chifukwa mukachipinda magazi m'thupi amatha kwathunthu kulibe.

Magazi wapangidwa ndi oposa theka la madzi a. Madzi a m'magazi - madzi kuti lili kuyimitsidwa wa maselo a mwazi - iwo amapanga za khumi peresenti ya madzi a m'magazi. The zikuchokera kwa madzi a m'magazi ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri - kuti kwa amino zidulo ndi mapeputisayidi, bilirubin, creatine, ndi inclusions zina zambiri. Komanso, zikuchokera ndi madzi a m'magazi ili ndi mapuloteni - mbali zofunika kwambiri.

Malinga dongosolo lawo, Mapuloteni m'magulu - ndi albumin, fibrinogen, globulins ndi prothrombin. Onsewo ali mbali ya madzi a m'magazi, pamene akukwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Madzi a m'magazi ntchito magazi zimene zili zambiri kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti apatsidwenso mu nkhani ya opaleshoni. Makamaka plasma zingathandize munthu akufunika magazi.

Ochuluka kuposa mwa onse albumin mapuloteni. Iwo zosavuta (zing'onozing'ono maselo misa mbali zonse), choncho n'zosavuta kunyamula ndi zimagwirizizirana ndi zinthu zina. Albumin mu chiwindi. Gulu lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri mapuloteni - globulins, amene amapangidwa ndi chiwindi. Kuli plasma fibrinogen anapeza - izo peresenti anai okha, komabe wofunika kwambiri njira zambiri zoteteza. Ndipo ndithu pang'ono mwazi lili prothrombin.

Mapuloteni m'gulu la madzi a m'magazi, ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa iwo ndi kugawa madzi pakati zimakhala ndi mitsempha, utsalira ndi mosalekeza sing'anga madzi, maselo kupereka zakudya ndi "kuyeretsedwa" kwa mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya, zinyalala ndi osafunika chamoyo. Komanso, Mapuloteni kukhala wochitachita mu ntchito chitetezo.

Albumin kukhala kuthamanga osmotic wa magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi udindo kwa magazi madzimadzi yoyenera pa mfundo iliyonse ya thupi. Ngati gawo la albumin magazi udzamugwere, kungachititse kuti kuchotsa madzi ndi mapangidwe edema (a Mwachitsanzo momveka bwino kutsitsa mlingo wa albumin - theka lachiwiri la mimba preeclampsia). Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri albumin - zoyendera zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Albumins anasamutsa monga zakudya zothandiza ndi poizoni amene zopanda ndi thupi ndi chiwindi.

Globulins kwakukulukulu amachititsa chitetezo chokwanira cha thupi, agglutination (agglutination luso erythrocytes, ndipo potero anatsimikiza gulu magazi).

Prothrombin osakaniza fibrinogen amatipatsa muyeso wa kukhuthala magazi, limene ndi lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa n'kumene imfa m'mayiko pambuyo Soviet chifukwa matenda a mtima. The madzi a m'magazi imawakhudza luso Mitsempha ndi mtima kanyamulidwe mulingo woyenera magazi thupi lonse. Ndicho prothrombin ndipo amasintha kukhuthala, chotero zimakhudza mphamvu ziwiya kuti n'zosavuta kunyamula magazi m'thupi.

Fibrinogen - ndi ophunzira yogwira mu ndondomeko clotting. Ndi kupyolera mwa mapangidwe fibrinogen a chingwe Ulimbo, limene nthinthi - nthinthi. Pamene atsegula, magazi zotsatira za fibrinogen kumathandiza kuti asiye magazi ndi thrombus mapangidwe ndi kutumphuka (pamene chilonda padziko mdzenje). magazi awa luso clotting kupulumutsa thupi ku imfa kwambiri magazi. Komabe, anthu ena amavutika wotero matenda monga amapatsira mwana wake - kulephera kwa magazi kuundana. Ngati X khromozomu amanyamula kulephera zambiri, zingathe kudzetsa palibe imfa ya m'magawo Ulimbo, ndipo, chotero, kulephera aumirira mapangidwe. chilema Ichi ndi chitsanzo china kufunika ndi ntchito ya fibrinogen, monga hemophiliacs ndi mwamantha imfa kutaya magazi pa kuwonongeka pang'ono.

The zikuchokera plasma ndi mosiyanasiyana, koma kuti mapuloteni kusewera ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Pakuti mwamuna n'kofunika kuti mayesero zonse kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zomanga thupi ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kutenga masitepe kukhazikitsa homeostasis chilengedwe magazi.