Mandala ntchito. Diso la munthu: kapangidwe

Diso la munthu - ndi zovuta kuwala dongosolo, amene ntchito ndi popereka chithunzi choyenera mitsempha chamawonedwe. The zigawo zikuluzikulu za chiwalo cha masomphenya - ndi fibrous, mtima, mauna chipolopolo ndi dongosolo mkati.

Fibrous m'chimake - ndi diso ndi sclera. Kudzera diso la refracted cheza kuwala kugwa mkati limba la masomphenya. Opaque sclera amachita chimango mbali ndi ntchito yake yoteteza.

Kumachitika mwa choroid magazi diso zakudya, lomwe lili ndi chakudya ndi mpweya.

Mu diso ndi Iris, amene amathandiza diso mtundu munthu. Pakati pa mwana amatha kusintha kukula malingana kuyatsa lapansi. Pakati pa diso ndi Iris ndi nthabwala amadzimadzi, amene amateteza tizilomboto kwa diso ndi.

Mbali ina ya choroid imatchedwa ndi ciliary thupi, chifukwa muli ndi chitukuko cha madzimadzi intraocular. The choroid ali mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi diso, ndipo amapereka ndi mphamvu.

Diso amapanga zigawo zingapo maselo mitsempha. Kudzera mu thupi ili amaperekedwa maganizo a kuunika, ndi fano mapangidwe. Pambuyo kuti pali kulanda zambiri pogwiritsa mitsempha chamawonedwe ku ubongo.

The gawo lamkati la thupi imakhala ndi zipinda kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo wodzazidwa ndi mandala madzi intraocular, mandala ndi nthabwala vitreous. Vitreous ali gelled maonekedwe.

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo anthu zithunzi - mandala izi. mandala ntchito - kupereka zazikulu ophthalmic Optics. Izi zimathandiza kuona zinthu zosiyana mofanana bwino. Kale mu sabata wa 4 wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi amayamba disolo. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito, komanso ntchito ndi matenda ake zotheka tiona m'nkhani ino.

kapangidwe

thupi ili ngati mandala biconvex, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo pamalo amene ndi kupindika osiyana. Chigawo chapakati cha aliyense wa iwo - mtengo kuti chikugwirizana olamulira. olamulira kutalika kwa pafupifupi 3.5-4.5 mm. kali onse amalowana mukulumikizidwa pamodzi mizere, amene amatchedwa equator. Wamkulu ali miyeso diso mandala kuwala 9-10 mm, limafotokoza pamwamba mandala kapisozi (zapambuyo thumba) mkati limene pali wosanjikiza epithelium. Mbali ina ili zapambuyo kapisozi, alibe wosanjikiza amenewa.

Kuthekera ocular mandala zaminyewa kukula selo anaonetsetsa kuti zonse kubereka. molekezera mitsempha, mitsempha ya magazi, lymphoid minofu kuchokera mandala palibe, ndi kwathunthu zaminyewa mapangidwe. Pa chilungamo cha thupi amakhudza mipweya ya madzimadzi intraocular, ngati zikuchokera lisinthike, n'zotheka clouding disolo.

The zikuchokera disolo

The zikuchokera thupi ili pafupi - 65% madzi, 30% mapuloteni, 5% ya lipids, mavitamini ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochita kupanga ndi mankhwala, ndi ma enzyme. Kuweta mapuloteni - izo crystallin.

Mfundo ntchito

Maso a - dongosolo lino anatomical wa zapambuyo gawo la diso, nthawi zambiri zikhale bwinobwino. Mfundo ntchito disolo - Kuganizira anasonyeza cheza kuwala ndi chinthu m'dera macular. Chithunzi pa diso kwa diso zonse zinali bwino, ayenera chimaonekera. Pamene kuwala imagwera pa diso, ndi zimachitika magetsi, zomwe imagwera kupyolera mu mitsempha chamawonedwe kwa malo zithunzi ubongo. Ntchito ubongo - kumasulira zimene maso.

mandala ntchito

Ntchito ya mandala mu ntchito kwa dongosolo la munthu ndi kofunika kwambiri. Choyamba ali kuwala kalozera ntchito, ndiko kuti, amalola Ndime ya otaya kuwala kwa diso. The kuwala transmissive ntchito disolo ndi amene amapereka chilungamo chake.

Komanso, bungwe wakhala kukhala wochitachita mu kumatula kwa kuwala ndipo ali ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 19 diopters. Chifukwa disolo operekedwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa limagwirira accommodative imene zokha zikusintha cholinga cha chifaniziro kuwoneka.

thupi limeneli limatithandiza anayang'ana mosavuta ndi zinthu lakutali amene ali pafupi amene anaperekedwa ndi kusintha mphamvu refractive wa mwana wa m'diso la. Ndi kuchepetsa ulusi minofu, amene lozungulira mandala, pali kuchepa mavuto a kapisozi ndi kusintha mawonekedwe a disolo kuwala kwa diso. Zimakhala otukukira kunja zambiri, potero kuoneka bwino itayandikana zinthu. Pamene minofu ya pansi, maso amakhala mosabisa, timatha inu kuona zinthu ili kutali.

Komanso, disolo ndi kugawa kuti ukugawa diso m'magulu awiri omwe amaonetsetsa kutetezeredwa zapambuyo mwana wa diso kwa vitreous kuthamanga kwambiri. Komanso pali chitsekerezo kuti tizilombo kuti musalekane mu vitreous lapansi. Izi zimaonetsa ntchito zoteteza disolo.

matenda

Zifukwa matenda diso kuwala mandala akhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi kuphwanya mapangidwe ake ndi chitukuko komanso kusintha kwa malo ndi mitundu wochitika ndi ukalamba kapena chifukwa cha kuvulala. Wakumana ndi nthenda chitukuko cha mandala, kumene kumakhudza mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu.

Nthawi zambiri pali kudwala, ng'ala, kapena clouding disolo. Kutsogolo pali, malinga ndi dongosolo turbidity zone, magawo, nyukiliya, kumbuyo ndi ena mitundu ya matenda. Ng'ala akhoza kukhala mwina kobadwa nako kapena kugula pa moyo chifukwa cha nsautso, kusintha zaka okhudzana ndi zifukwa zina.

Nthawi zina zoopsa ndi kuphwasula ulusi umene kuonetsetsa malo olondola disolo kungayambitse kusamutsidwa ake. Pa zonse thonje yopuma amapezeka ntchafu mandala, tsankho chotupa kumabweretsa subluxation.

Zizindikiro disolo

Ndi zaka, kuopsa kwa masomphenya anthu yafupika, amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuwerenga pa osiyanasiyana pafupi. Wosakwiya kagayidwe kumabweretsa kusintha katundu kuwala disolo, amene akukhala kwambiri wandiweyani ndi zochepa mandala. Diso munthu umayamba kuona zinthu zochepa Mosiyana, fano zambiri wotaya mtundu. Polemba ndi turbidity kutchulidwa, zithunzi acuity yafupika kwambiri, pali mathithi. Location turbidity zimakhudza mmene ndi mlingo wa masomphenya utachepa.

Age zokhudzana opacification akufotokozera yaitali, mpaka zaka zingapo. Chifukwa cha masomphenya mkhutu diso limodzi mwina amaona kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma ngakhale panyumba, mukhoza kudziwa pamaso pa ng'ala. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kuyang'ana pa pepala losalembedwapo ndi wina, ndiye diso ena. Pamaso pa matenda zikuoneka kuti pepala ija yayamba kuzimiririka ndipo ali ndi kulocha chikasu. Anthu ndi matenda ayenera kuwala, zimene iwo akhoza kuwona bwino.

Clouding disolo bwino zimayamba ndi kukhalapo kwa kutupa (iridocyclitis) kapena ntchito yaitali medicaments, amene ali mahomoni steroidal. maphunziro osiyanasiyana anatsimikizira kuti m'maso khungu clouding ya mandala kuwala ndi mofulumira.

diagnostics

Matendawa imakhala ndi kuyezetsa masomphenya ndi nyumba kafukufuku wa diso ndi wapadera chipangizo kuwala. Maso amayankha kukula ndiponso dongosolo la disolo Mzimuyo mlingo wa chilungamo chake, kukhalapo ndi malo Chifunga, zimene zimachititsa kuti kuchepa acuity zithunzi. Pamene kafukufuku mandala ndi mbali mogwirizana chiwalitsiro njira imene anayendera kutsogolo padziko zace, ili mkati mwana wa. Ngati palibe mtambo, disolo ndi zosaoneka. Komanso, pali njira zina kufufuza - tione kuwala opatsirana, kuphunzira pogwiritsa ntchito kudula nyali (biomicroscopy).

Kodi kuchitira?

Mankhwala makamaka opaleshoni. Ogulitsa mankhawala unyolo kupereka madontho zosiyanasiyana, koma iwo sangathe kubwerera pa chilungamo disolo, ndipo sikubweretsa kuchotsa matenda. Opaleshoni ndondomeko okha omwe umaonetsera kuchira bwino. Chifukwa opaleshoni mathithi angagwiritsidwe ntchito extracapsular m'zigawo ndi sutures pa diso la. Palinso njira ina - phacoemulsification ndi kochepa amacheka kudziletsa wosindikiza. kuchotsa njira amusankha malingana ndi kachulukidwe ndi Kuwonekera pa chikhalidwe cha Mitsemphayi lapansi. No zofunika zochepa ndi zimene zinachitikira dokotala.

Popeza maso pa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo la munthu, ndiye zosiyanasiyana kuvulala ndi matenda a ntchito yake nthawi zambiri zotsatira zoipa mpaka kalekale. zizindikiro zilizonse za kuwonongeka kapena kusamva diso - ndi chifukwa mankhwala mwamsanga kwa dokotala, amene oterewa ndi mankhwala chithandizo kutero.