Mafanizo mu gulu achikulire. Mafanizo ku sukulu ya mkaka

Mafanizo mu gulu akulu, malingana ndi chitsogozo cha pulogalamu sukulu ya mkaka akhoza kutenga muyezo ndipo sanali muyezo njira. Kuti ali kale ndi mwana amaphunzira chotungira mapensulo (yosavuta, phula), utoto (watercolor, gouache).

Mumagulu kulenga ana ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana (sprayed, ulusi klyaksografiyu ndi machubu, kujambula thovu sopo, butting, zala kanjedza, makandulo, mapepala, "chonyowa" kupenta, airbrushing, scratchboard, monotype, kusindikiza) ndi zipangizo wosanganiza (mwachitsanzo, kusowetsa chekeni ndi watercolor). Masiku ano anthu ambiri aphunzitsi yamakono ya kindergartens anthu akuyesera kusiyanitsa maphunziro a kujambula njira zachilendo.

ntchito kuyambirira ntchito likutipatsa

Mafanizo mu gulu akulu umalimbana consolidating ndi mfundo kuphunzira isanafike. Ana tingamuyandikire mosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa zojambula (bwalo, yamphamvu, makona, lalikulu, rectangle) ndi kuwapitirira mwa chifanizo cha masamba, zinyama, anthu ndi mbalame. Mu zaka mkulu sukulu muyenera mwatsatanetsatane chithunzi opatsirana posonyeza makhalidwe ake.

Mwachitsanzo, mwana momasuka imamveka banja lake. Ndiye muyenera kuuza papa pamwamba mayi, amene ali pamwamba ana, ndi laling'ono kwambiri pakati pawo - doshkolenok. Komanso, kuthandiza ndi kufanana kwa thupi: thupi mbali ziwiri, elbows chithe kumeneko, kumene "lamba". Munthu ayeneranso kukhala ogwirizana ndi zolondola.

Ana amvetsetse bwino zizindikiro, kuipa, ndi katundu wa zinthu zina zojambulidwa, mphunzitsi tsiku lililonse akugwira ntchito pa chitukuko cha maganizo a dziko loyandikira. Popanda zilibe anadutsa zojambula umodzi (gulu akuluakulu). Sukulu ya mkaka limatipatsa zipangizo zofunika ntchito, ndi makolo aphunzitsi ayenera pokhala M'maso mwanga ana.

luso zithunzi sukulu okalamba

Aphunzitsi pamodzi ndi anyamata pa zochitika nyengo kuphunzira msewu, kuganizira zinthu mu gulu kulimbikitsa kudziwa wabweza mwa mawerengeredwe, applique, kusema mosiyanasiyana ndi kanjedza, kufufuza zosiyanasiyana. Mwamsanga pamene ana kumbukirani zizindikiro zonse, ndiye kuyesa kujambula okha.

Kenako, analandira dongosolo zolakwa kusanthula. Kuchokera pa ichi ndi wosankhidwa kapena njira ina zojambula. Mwachitsanzo, kufunika kudula mozungulira mfundo ndi mfundo, ziwerengero kapena dorisovat symmetrically akuonetsedwa chojambulidwa ndi maselo. Ana ayenera kuphunzira zinthu zonse mogwirizana mu mlengalenga, pochitika pa chidutswa cha zithunzi m'chombocho.

Komanso, zojambula mu gulu akulu ayenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la mtundu, zokongoletsa kukoma. Izi zimathandiza zosiyanasiyana njira. Mwachitsanzo, ana kuchita umboni zojambula za kutsitsi chikudutsa m'dzinja pambuyo imprints tsamba, kuda burashi lapansi. Tingamuyandikire thovu (shampu ziziwayendera ndi utoto), nyali, kenako watercolor utoto maziko. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha zilandiridwenso, m'maganizo, kukuza sanayambebe kupita kusukulu M'maso achikulire.

jambulani masamba

Kosavuta mwanayo kuphunzira kujambula masamba. Mu ntchito mkulu gulu bungwe malinga ndi kuwonjezeka Kuvuta:

• Ana amaphunzira mawonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a masamba mu zithunzi, zooneka, zinthu zenizeni (palpate, amaloweza);
• sanayambebe kupita kusukulu Jambulani zojambula;
• kusintha maonekedwe a masamba;
• zofunika ndondomeko pensulo mizere, bulges ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono;
• kujambula mitundu, mapensulo, zolembera, zolembera.

Mwachitsanzo, nkhaka ndi mawonekedwe a chowulungika ndi. Komanso, mbali ina chowulungika ndi elongate, yopapatiza. Ndiye, mapeto ena a mchira utoto masamba, inakonzedwa pa thupi "tokhala" ndi mzere-grooves. Ndiye kujambula ndi nkhaka, kusonyeza mdima ndi kuunika mithunzi ya peel.

Kapena kutenga Mwachitsanzo, kaloti. Jambulani kansalu. Kenaka chimodzi mwa mbali yake adzakhale malire masamba kupanga izo yosalala kwambiri. Komanso akuonetsedwa masamba ndi mizu. Ndiye anajambula utoto kaloti.

Kamodzi katswiri kujambula masamba mu gulu achikulire, ana apite ku fano akadali moyo. Poyamba mzere uwu kujambula zinthu zithunzi, ndiye masamba pa mbale kapena mbale. Mlingo ovuta kwambiri ali chithunzithunzi cha zinthu za pamtima. Chifukwa chaichi, asanapite amaloweza makamaka maonekedwe masamba / zipatso, kenako ana amayamba ntchito (mwachindunji utoto).

kujambula nyama

Achikulire sanayambebe kupita kusukulu akhoza kale akamachita nyama, koma nthawi zambiri ali ndi lowoneka, zamoyo (zovala ndi masuti, kuyenda pa mapazi awiri, kudya mothandizidwa ndi yoteroyo ndi). Ntchito mphunzitsi wa - kukwaniritsa chenicheni kufala fano. Ntchitoyi zithunzi limodzi ndi ntchito, mawerengeredwe, kuwerenga, ankadziwa dziko lakunja.

Choyamba, ana kuphunzira zinthu, ndiye kuyesa kupeza mbali ofanana ndi maonekedwe bwino za thupi zikuchokera (mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira mutu, torso, chowulungika, makutu triangular). Kuwonjezera kufanana, chidwi lolunjika pa kusiyana ndi, pamalo otsetsereka a zinthu, malo awo okhudza malo.

Taganizirani penti nyama gulu wamkulu chitsanzo cha hedgehog, nkhosa ndi mwana wagalu. Kuti ajambule hedgehog mu kudula, chitani zotsatirazi:

• kupeza likulu la pepala, amene adzakhala ili nyama;
• jambulani chowulungika (thupi);
• ndi m'mphepete wina ndandanda mphuno monga karoti;
• jambulani kuzungulira maso, mphuno, chowulungika miyendo, pakamwa timitengo, masingano;
• lizikhala ndi udzu, dzuwa, mitambo;
• kupitiriza kujambula mitundu, anapatsidwa kusintha mtundu.

Image wa nkhosa, mwana wagalu

Kodi kudzatunga mwanawankhosa :

• kujambula bwalo (thupi);
• kudziwa zolinga za mutu;
• lizikhala ndi chowulungika (mutu);
• thupi ndondomeko yokhotakhota, kulenga mapini;
• Mukayandikira diso kumutu;
• lizikhala ndi timitengo miyendo inayi;
• atamukoka "mapazi" yoteroyo, mfundo mphuno, ana a maso, makutu;
• azikongoletsa.

Mbali ovuta kwambiri imatengedwa kuti ndi zojambula zambiri mu gulu achikulire. Apa ndi momwe kuti ajambule mwana wagalu :

• Jambulani thupi chowulungika, kuzungulira mutu, kuganizira otsetsereka;
• Lembani bwalo pakati (nkhope), mizere yang'anirani khosi, miyendo zikwapu amakona anayi ndi ovals (phazi);
• schematically chimatanthauza chosokonekera wa kuipanikiza ndi Lembaninso malo cha maso, mphuno, makutu, jambulani;
• Jambulani maso, pakamwa;
• m'malo m'matumba pa miyendo jambulani zala, Doris mchira;
• kufufuta mizere owonjezera, mulembe malangizo a tsitsi.

Kuphunzitsa zovuta imachitika ndi ana munthu kalasi mu mabwalo chikukoka.

Mafanizo "Bowa" mu gulu achikulire

Nthawi zambiri ana akamachita bowa ofukula ndi yopingasa chowulungika. Iwo makamaka ngati azikongoletsa bowa. Iwo akhoza ankaimira ndi otukukira kunja chowulungika kapena triangular chipewa. Kuti ajambule bowa ndi chipewa chowulungika, muyenera pa pepala kudziwa malo ake, yang'anirani ellipsoidal chowulungika ndi Wand choimirira. Kenako atamukoka phazi bowa.

Ellipse diagonally kugawaniza: pamwamba pa chipewa kulimbitsa mabwalo, ndi pansi, pa mwendo, makolala oyera. Choncho mukhoza lembani bowa yaikuluikulu mu dambo la. Kuti chipewa triangular pamwamba pa chitunda kupanga bowa. Pansi bonnet ndi kuwonetsera mawonekedwe chowulungika zigawo lamkati. Chotero "chithunzi" cha bowa mwendo pogwiritsa pansi ndi thickening a. Izi ndi zojambula yosavuta.

Bowa mu gulu akulu akhoza ankaimira mwachibadwa kwambiri. Kuti tichite zimenezi, tsatani ndondomeko izi:

• kudziwa malo malingaliro awo;
• pensulo yang'anirani patsogolo ndi kuyandikira chidutswa amakona anayi a pepala ndi mwendo pang'ono Borovik;
• tsopano kujambula chipewa chake, ngati theka-chowulungika;
• zina kujambula pepala zina ndi mwendo moyandikana wa bowa lalikulu "maonekedwe" kuti mbali ina;
• Borovik Izi zimasonyeza lathyathyathya chowulungika chipewa;
• kupita bowa lalikulu kwambiri, nditaima kuseri awiri;
• komanso kudzatunga phazi mawonekedwe a trapezoid, ndi chipewa pamwamba chokhala ngati dzira yopingasa;
• chipewa pa bowa kusankha Yaikulu mdima mbali chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi wosanjikiza woyera;
• Jambulani udzu.

The bowa ambiri kukula mu mvula. Kodi yakulikoka zoona, popanda "timitengo" pansipa.

Mafanizo "The mvula ikugwa"

gulu Senior kale Mzimuyo makhalidwe a mvula (bowa, akhungu, kutsanulira, autumn, chilimwe). Mphunzitsi yekha ayenera kuona kuti madontho Zithunzizi mbali imodzi. Choyamba, ana jambulani mitambo ndi mvula, ndiye akamachita anthu ndi ambulera ndi, gawo lotsiriza la sanayambebe kupita kusukulu akamachita mvula "tsidya pa zenera."

Kodi kuyang'ana chithunzi cha mitambo.

• Mitambo pafupi, mvula amasonyeza m'malovu oblong zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma mbali imodzi. Yambani pakati pa mitambo dontho, osati m'mphepete. Pansi-ndi mitambo - mdima mu mtundu kuposa Pachithunzipa lapansi.
• Mitambo, ndiye pansi zimafanana maziko ndi pensulo, kupanga otaya mosalekeza mvula. Ndiye limachitira chimatanthauza mvula payekha.

Izi ndi zojambula chosavuta ( "The mvula ikugwa"). gulu Senior mwina ikuimira "mwachibadwa" nyengo chodabwitsa. Izi zingathandize Malamulo awa.

1. Mvula zonse za pa maziko mdima, kaya mitundu utoto, mapensulo, pastels, mafuta.
2. Chotsani mizere akuimira yomweyi.
3. m'malovu Bright kudutsa kuthamanga chofufutira kandulo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena wapadera tsitsi lanu liimirire burashi fani.

Ngati mukufuna kusonyeza kuti mvula ngati chodabwitsa zachilengedwe, ndiye kujambula malo, ndi pamwamba pa izo patapita kanthawi, ntchito dontho la kuwala utoto olimba zikwapu angled. Ngati madontho kuchita chofufutira, mbali yoyamba yotakata malangizo waya, kenako ngodya lakuthwa mothandizidwa ndi wamphamvu kukanikiza kulenga zinayambira madontho.

Anthu mvula amasonyeza ofanana. Koma inagona si mvula malangizo, mawonekedwe a madontho, koma puddles, akuwaza mphamvu. Chiyani sanayambebe kupita kusukulu maphunziro munthu kuyandikira.

Mafanizo m'dzinja

October - ndi mwezi kupikisana m'dzinja. mphunzitsi ayenera kukhala otetezeka ndi ana kupyolera kujambula katundu nyengo ( "Yophukira"). gulu Senior akuyerekeza onse miyezi autumn, anapeza kufanana ndi kusiyana, akukumbukira kusintha mtundu. Ntchito losavuta - pamene ana zosonyezedwa kopanda mtengo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, choyamba anatsimikiza ndi malo ake, ndi thunthu ndi nthambi za "legeni".

Ndiye, pa nthambi monga schematically chiwembu mudzichonga yaing'ono. Ndi utoto makulidwe thunthu ndi nthambi "amanga". Nthambi masamba otchulidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana (wofiira, achikasu). Icho tsopano akokere udzu, mlengalenga, mitambo, dzuwa ndi mthunzi wa mtengo.

M'dzinja akhoza visualized ndi kujambula tsamba. Apa, ana kulimbikitsa kudziwa za mitengo. Njira yosavuta - kuwonetsera kugwa zipsera (njira imeneyi ambiri anasankha gulu akulu).

Chojambula: mutu wakuti "Yophukira"

• Sungani mapepala osiyana a mitengo.
• Ndikuzimwaza pa pepala.
• Kenako, kutenga pepala kwa kupaka izo modzala manja pa mbali yolakwika ya wofiira, wachikasu, lalanje utoto (makamaka bwinobwino odula ndi milozo).
• Ikani chidutswa cha utoto underside pa pepala album, tilimbikire kanjedza.
• Bwerezani opaleshoni ndi mapepala ena, kusankha mumtundu.
• Tsopano masamba sanalinso ofunikira. zipsera ndi kukopedwa ndi burashi ndi utoto. Onani kuti tsamba mitsempha akhale nthunthu ndi nthambi za mtengo.

Mungamuyandikile thunthu la mitengo ndi nthambi ndi masamba, kuika zala mfundo. Izinso, ngati sanayambebe kupita kusukulu ya mibadwo yonse. Kwa mpikisano, ana ambiri, kusonyeza m'maganizo, kujambula chithunzi ya nyundo ndi nkhope mkazi ndi masamba m'malo tsitsi. Choncho chidziwitso cha kufanana lokhazikika kwa nkhope ya munthu, masamba, mitengo ndi mitundu m'dzinja.

jambulani mbalame

mbalame zojambula mu gulu akulu ndi pa ndondomeko yomweyo ya ntchito mu chifanizo cha zinyama. Choyamba, mfundo zonse akuyerekezedwa ndi akalumikidzidwa zojambula, cholinga ndi paulendowu, pamalo otsetsereka a mutu, malo pa tsamba malo. Pano pali chitsanzo (kujambula pikoko)

• Jambulani thupi chowulungika;
• pamwamba ozungulira mutu;
• khosi amachokera ku mutu wa chowulungika ya;
• pa thupi atamukoka mapiko triangular;
• kuwonjezera yoteroyo chowulungika ndi zala zitatu;
• Mtundu atamukoka diso kuzungulira, triangular mulomo;
• kuchokera Phiko limodzi ndandanda zina wosadziletsa mchira, mofanana ndi pamakhala Daisy;
• kujambula mitundu ya mbalame.

Mafanizo mu gulu akulu limakupatsani kudzatunga mbalame ku mbali zosiyana mu kuchitapo. Nayi mbiri ya tambala. Kuyambapo ndi mutu. Lembani bwalo chizindikiro diso mulomo ndi triangular yopingasa mzere, ndevu chowulungika ndi Crest wa pamakhala atatu.

Mutu kudzatunga khosi kolala, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a siketi mudakhumudwapo. Kuyambira kupitiriza concave thunthu, chokhala kachigawo mwezi ndi khosi. Kenako jambulani mchira nthenga eyiti: woyamba yaitali anaukitsa nthenga anayi kuyamba ndi kutha kwa thunthu, atsopano lalifupi, kubwera gawo limodzi la thunthu ndi lende.

Iwo kukopedwa pa thunthu mzere mapiko, phazi ndi zala zinayi ndipo chimathandiza. Pa mapiko a phompho arcs yopingasa amadziŵika nthenga ndi mizere ofukula - nthenga yaitali. Pa zala akukopeka chiombankhanga arcs yaing'ono.

Kodi kulemba mwachidule za ntchito likutipatsa

Umboni wa zojambula mu gulu akulu linalembedwa ndi ndandanda zotsatirazi.

• Phunziro nkhani. Kawirikawiri wachotsedwa mwambowu.
• Cholinga. Kwalamulidwa ntchito atatu kapena asanu a kalasi, kuonetsanso kupeza zinthu zatsopano ndi kulimbikitsa maluso alipo.
• Zakuthupi. Anasonyeza chida, kwa burashi lomaliza. Kodi njira zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi mtundu wanji wa zida muyenera.
• Development wa ntchito. Mbali ongolankhula akuyamba ndi ntchito kuyambirira pa nkhaniyi. Choncho, kodi abwere kudzandichezera khalidwe wosangalatsa, limene tiyenera kujambula kapena amene ayenera kuthandiza kusonyeza chinachake. Mothandizidwa ndi ndakatulo, nkhani yochepa, zithunzi kuonera zinthu zithunzi kuzindikiridwa katundu Napempha kwa chinthu chimene mukufuna kujambula. Komanso, mu kuchita, ana achite, ndipo kumapeto kwa phunziro atamukoka mfundo za chidziwitso anapeza.

Today mu makalasi sukulu ya mkaka anatchula mawu akuti "mwachindunji ntchito yophunzitsa" (GCD). Mafanizo mu gulu akulu sadzasintha zomwenso ake. Komanso ntchito masewera ophunzitsa, kusewera njira, njira zosiyanasiyana n'cholinga choti ana kufuna lembani zinthu zimene akufuna kapena chodabwitsa.