Lychakiv manda Lvov, Ukraine. Kufotokozera, wotchuka manda

Lviv - umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri Ukraine, amene kuwonjezera yokhala ndi udindo likulu chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi imodzi mwa dziko chikhalidwe cholowa mwa UNESCO. Wapadera mu mtundu wake, mzinda weniweni chikhalidwe zopereka. Ndithu wapatali mwala wa dziko cholowa chikhalidwe ndi Lychakiv manda - mmodzi wa m'manda ochepa akale amene anapulumuka ku Europe.

zokhudza mbiri ya chiyambi

Mu zaka za m'ma 14, mzinda wa Lviv anali kulamulidwa ndi Polish mfumu Casimir III. Izi zakhudza chifanizo cha mzinda zinayamba kusintha mofulumira. Kukula zomangamanga m'tauni: pali alendo, maofesi m'ndende ndipo, ndithudi, manda.

Mu Middle Ages kuti ankaona wachibadwa kuyika akufa pansi opatulika - pafupi makachisi. Komabe, pa nthawi zinadziwika kuti chino kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Manda zili umakhala pafupi m'madera zogona, ife analenga zambiri zikuopseza moyo wa munthu. Choncho, ndiye Mfumu Joseph II mu 1783, anaganiza kuchotsa zonse manda prihramovye kunja kwa mzinda.

City Lions anathyola powomba angapo, ndipo analenga manda anayi. Anthu a gawo lachinayi ndi malo ali mmodzi wa manda wakale Lychakova.

Kumanda ali ndi kachirombo ake nduna 1786, koma manda inakambidwanso koyambirira. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu panali kuzikwirira anthu amene anafa pa nthawi ya mliri mliri.

Monga okhala pakati anali osankhika kwakukulukulu m'tauni, n'zosadabwitsa kuti patapita kanthawi manda anakhala necropolis waukulu mumzinda.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Manda adatchula chifukwa cha m'dera lomwe linaikidwa. Mbali imeneyi ya Lviv inathetsedwa mwamsanga m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi imatengedwa mumzinda. Kupyola mu malo awa m'masiku amenewo anali makamu kupita ku Constantinople. msewu dzina lake Hlyniany chifukwa zinachititsa kuti tawuni ya dongo. Yamba wako pambuyo pa chipata ya agulupa ili apa. Komabe, mbali ya msewu unkatchedwa Lychakivska chifukwa cha dzina la anthu akumeneko.

Pothirira ndemanga pa chiyambi cha dzina la "Lychakov" Olemba mbiri kusagwirizana monga masiku ano. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi buku olakwika a German Lyuttsengof linachokera ku dzina la German colonist Lutz, amene anakhalapo m'madera amenewa. Ena amatsatira Baibulo kuti chifukwa dzina uyu anali mawu "Lychakov". Masiku amenewo, kotero ife anaitana anthuwo, anthu onyozeka amene ankavala nsugwi bast (makungwa a mtengo) nsapato.

Dzina wakale munakhala, ndipo tsopano kuwonjezera kumanda ali wotchedwa Lviv m'dera, paki, siteshoni ndipo wina m'misewu.

Manda mu nthawi chisanadze chosintha

Popeza kutsegula ake boma malo awa yomweyo mobisa analandira udindo osankhika. Apa ife kuti apeze malo okhalamo komaliza wa Lviv anthu otchuka: andale, oimba, olemba ndakatulo, atsogoleri a asilikali ndi anthu olemera basi. Kwenikweni, zinali zikomo ntchito yawo manda anayamba monga Museum.

Mu 1856, akuluakulu a boma anaganiza ennoble gawo. Kuchita izi, ife aitanidwa wotchuka pa nthawi mwini luso munda: K. Bauer ndi T. Thuzhevsky. Mfiti otembenuka manda, kulenga njanji apa, makwalala ndi zambiri greenery. Tsopano wakhala kwambiri ngati okongola, kutetezedwa wapadera kukongola awo achilengedwe malo awa.

Lychakiv Necropolis Kutchuka achilendo wakhala yaikulu kuti anayenera kukuza kangapo mpaka kufika malo pano - mahekitala 42, kuphimba 86 minda.

Kenako, kuyambira kumwamba wachisoni imfa anakongoletsa paki anali lidzasinthidwa maluwa ndi zobiriwira munda, kumene mukhoza kuyenda ndi kusangalala ndi zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa za ambuye Tadeusz Baronch ndi Leonard Marconi. A malo apadera kamangidwe ka necropolis ali m'banja Shimzerov, Lviv anapereka mibadwo iwiri Osema Anton ndi Johann, komanso ana awo Yuliana Markovskogo, wotchuka wolemba "akugona pakama," wakhala khadi malonda a manda. Pali mukhoza amasirira olira wotchuka ku Hartmann Witwer, kudzera amene talente wakhazikitsa chifanizo cha gravestones. Ena mwa ziboliboli ndi kuikidwa muno.

Manda: Nthano

Crypts ndi m'manda, gravestones, manda kuno, osati ngati chikumbutso cha moyo wa anthu osiyana kapena mabanja onse, koma kudziwa zambiri za nkhani.

Mmodzi wa iwo ndi nthano ya Jozef Bachevsk, amene pa moyo wake watenga kusamalira malo ake omaliza mpumulo. banja lake zakumwa amphamvu ndipo anakhala zikomo wotchuka kwa iwo dziko lonse. ogwira Special anasonyeza Józef Adamu, dzina ziri zodziwika bwino mu munda wa malonda. Poyamba iye anabwera maliro ake pasadakhale ndi kumanga nyumba yopemphereramo pa dera la Lychakiv kumanda ndipo analamula chidwi chipangizo. Mawotchi loboti pohoronschik osati anabweretsa Józef ku manda, komanso paokha kumuika m'bokosi.

nkhani ina Kumafuna gravestone zachilendo. Pano mbali ya kugwira ya chidwi Dr. Jozef Ivanovich anakakhala agalu ake awiri - Pluto ndi Nero. Wokhulupirika kwa mbuye wawo, ndipo atafa, iwo anakhalabe naye ku manda. Pali zosaoneka zake malo kapangidwe wodzichepetsa ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, wolimba msilikali asilikali Frantsishke Zaremba, amene kuphedwa pa nkhondo, iye akhale ndi moyo wautali wa zaka 112.

Choyambirira khadi Lychakiv manda chosema anakhala kugona mtsikana. Ndi mwala uwu ndakatulo chikugwirizana nkhani zachinsinsi. Yuzefa Markovskaya zotsatirazi anafa 1877.

Bakuman ndi imfa ya nthumbi anachititsa ambiri mbiri. Pali Mabaibulo angapo. Mmodzi mwa iwo anati kuti Jozef anali katswiri wa zisudzo ndi vzhivshis udindo, anamwalira chabe pa kuyamba ndi. The chachiwiri - pafupi unrequited chikondi cha mtsikana amene, atamva za kusakhulupirika kwa munthu wokondedwa, poizoni. Baibulo lachitatu amagwirizana ndi ana akufa, Jozef. Gwero la wachinayi ndi Polish gwero, amene akunamizira kukhala munthu m'manda pano - Stanisław Zborowski.

Wotchuka kanjedza mbiri m'manda pano

nkhani zambiri ndi nthano kugwirizana ndi lero malo modabwitsa monga manda. Amene anaikidwa kuno anthu otchuka? Ndithudi, mwa iwo ziwerengero wotchuka kwambiri chikhalidwe, sayansi ndi luso la Ukraine: wolemba wotchuka ndi woyambitsa "Vodogray" ndi "Red rue" - Vladimir Ivasjuk; ndakatulo ndi maonekedwe onse Ivan Franko; Osip Turyansky olemba ndi Mihail Rudnitsky; Asayansi Vasily limakhulupirira Levitsky ndi Music; Isidor Sharanevich mbiri ndi ena.

Komanso, kuwonjezera muno pano angapezeke manda a Zitsulo wotchuka amene ankakhala ku Lviv: wolemba nkhani za ana zodabwitsa za Marii Konopnitskoy, masamu Stefan Banach, wojambula Arthur Grottgera, dziko otchuka dokotala - Lyudovika Ridigera, Sigmund Gorgolewski - nyumba ya mlembi Lviv Opera House, ndi ena ambiri za sayansi ndi luso.

kumanda achikumbutsowo maofesi

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi dera yaikulu ya misa manda. Manda (Lviv) lili angapo odziwika chikumbutso maofesi, amene zodziwika mdziko lonse. Pali zingapo iwo:

• chikumbutso wodzipereka kwa asilikali wagwa wa Chiyukireniya National Army;
• Champ de A Mars, komwe kunama kumanda pafupifupi zikwi zinayi asilikali Soviet amene anafa apa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse;
• Lviv "mphungu" chikumbutso wodzipereka kwa akuvutika kuno mu zaka za nkhondo Chiyukireniya-Polish achinyamata ankhondo-mizati;
• Woukira Hill - mu malo awa m'manda anthu omwe anapita kugalukira Polish mu 1863;
• Manda, alongo m'manda a dongosolo kumene kumakhala Amonke.

Lviv manda "timphungu"

kubwezeretsa vuto manda ankakambirana kwa nthawi yaitali, monga mwa nthawi ya Soviet (mu 1971) kuti anali pafupifupi kuwonongedwa. Pambuyo Ukraine ufulu wodzilamulira, akuluakulu Polish zopangidwa mwatsatanetsatane kulenga chikumbutso pano, kubwezeretsa chiwonongeko woipitsitsawu malo lodziwika bwino m'manda a Polish "timphungu". Choncho tapita wamng'ono Zitsulo, amene anatenga gawo mu chitetezo cha Lviv ndi kumenyana pano pa nthawi ya Chipolishi Chiyukireniya nkhondo. dzina lina la kuikidwa ichi - Lviv manda zokometsera.

Mu 2005, chikumbukiro potsiriza kubwezeretsedwa, linakhazikitsidwa ndi nawo mitu ya Boma la Ukraine ndi Poland.

Khalidwe la manda

Dera la makono Lychakiv manda ndi waukulu, koma ngakhale, chirichonse kukhazikika bwino ndi zogwirizana. Akulonjera alendo ndi capstan zipata mwala mpanda, zimene zikugwirizana mipiringidzo wopeka. Anyalanyaza mpanda, mukhoza kuona zipilala pafupi ndi matchalitchi, zomwe zili mu madera ozungulira kutsogolo m'dera ndi mbali makwalala. Mlendo wotsiriza atalowa kwambiri m'mapaki wobiriwira, amabisa tombstones katswiri. Komanso, kukwera pa phiri laling'ono, n'zokhudza mu mphete msewu waukulu, umene nthambi mu madera osiyana makwalala zambiri, kudutsa mu ngodya zonse za kumanda.

Akapita manda

Musati muzibwera kuno - choncho saona imodzi zowoneka zodabwitsa za mzinda. Makamaka kuyambira mu 1990 Lychakiv manda (Lviv) anapatsidwa udindo wa mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe owonetsera zakale. Monga amadziwika, malo otero bwino kucheza kalozera. Kufunika pamaso pa iwowa ndi chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, yaikulu m'dera la manda, lomwe n'zovuta kuzungulira mu tsiku lina. Kachiwiri, padzakhala mwayi wakumva nkhani zosangalatsa za moyo wa anthu m'manda pano.

Tinapita ku manda - kuchokera inayi kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Okonda zosangalatsa akuluakulu a zotsatsa owonetsera zakale motsogozedwa maulendo usiku.

Lero, mabungwe kuyenda kupereka mautumiki awo kwa maulendo awo mwachidule mumzindawo. Akudziwa zokonda zake kuphatikizapo masewera zakale, mipingo, komanso maulendo a manda.

Kayendedwe

Today Lychakiv manda malo chimakwirira mahekitala 42 m'dziko, n'zosadabwitsa kuti n'zosavuta kusochera. Ngakhale anthu okhala Lviv akhoza kudzitama chakuti bwino zochokera mu minda 86 limene manda tsopano ili. Kodi uku chidwi, amatha mumzindawo amene ali wokonzeka kuyankha mafunso monga alendo. Kuno tingakhale sitima № 7 kapena 2, asanafike Mechnikova chithunzithunzi. Ndime zotsatirazi ndi kupita kupyola pa chipata anamangidwa apa mu 1875, ndipo inu mukakhala njira zingapo. Pali kale alendo sanasankhe amapanga kapena kupempha thandizo kwa makonzedwe ndi buku malo kapena kupirira paokha mothandizidwa ndi internet, mapu ndi zokonda.

Manda - mtundu wa mzinda wa akufa, amene amakhala moyo wake. Mofanana ndi anthu, malo awa timabadwa, kukula ndi kufa. N'kovuta kupeza zosiyana monga necropolis izi. Mbiri yake amabwerera zaka zoposa ziwiri, ndi ndende ya tsoka la nkhani, nthano ndi zozizwitsa zina Renato.