Kuphunzira waswa malamulo ndi mabwalo mu dongosolo makamaka. A ndondomeko yapadera kuti lililonse la mlandu

The wopanga malamulo m'banja, kuyesera kuti azidya zinthu zabwino polimbana ndi upandu chuma cha khama, nthawi ndi chuma, Integrated mu procedural lamulo ndondomeko yapadera kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiweruzo , malinga wozengedwa akuvomera mlandu iye.

A ndondomeko yapadera: lingaliro ndi zomwenso

Izi yapadera, kupanga enieni, ikuchitikira bwalo Poyamba. Ndi ubale yeniyeni malamulo ndi ntchito za ziwalo zake zonse, ndi kutsogolera Malingana ndi udindo wa dziko kapena bwalo chigawo kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa yodalirika ndiponso yokhala ndi umboni kuti adzapezeka wolakwa pa kuchita upandu wozengedwa mogwira chidule za ndondomeko milandu kufufuza ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochita zina .

Mwachibadwa, makhalidwe amene ali ndi ndondomeko yapadera chifukwa mlanduwu, ndi lamulo ladziko, kuwonjezera osati kwa ndondomeko za bwalo, komanso pa siteji ya kufufuza waukuluwo. Mu ena akunena kuti ntchito yaikulu anatumizidwa ulimi imatengedwa ali motere:

• zosabvuta pa chikhalidwe cha Kuthi ndi mwachindunji kutchulidwa malamulo waswa malamulo;
• mathamangitsidwe wa Kuthi wachifwamba magawo ndicho kupanga pambuyo khoti linalamula ofesi mlandu anatchula Court ndi;
• kuchepetsa wakewo pa oweruza a dziko ndi makhoti chigawo.

Mwamtheradi zosavomerezeka ntchito mchitidwe review zotuluka waswa malamulo zifukwa zina, pamene munthu mlandu ndi wamng'ono kapena maganizo wosadziŵa.

Grounds pa ntchito dongosolo lapadera

Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code la Chitaganya cha Russia mu ndime yoyamba ya Article 314 amapereka lamanja la mlandu, ngati chilolezo cha wovulalayo ndi wozenga (pagulu kapena mwachinsinsi) mu mulanduwo, kulengeza pangano ndi mlandu ndi iye ndi kupempha kuti mawuwo linkatchulidwa osachita mayesero . Agwiritsidwa kokha zolakwa anthu omwe chilango Code Wachifwamba alibe olumpha nthawi m'ndende zaka khumi.

Zifukwa chigamulocho mlandu ndi woweruza umodzi kapena gulu mu dongosolo makamaka ndi umboni wokwanira kuti atsimikizire n'loonadi zinadziwika lapansi. Izi njira zina zikutsimikiziridwa ndi woweruza pa nthawi ya issuance cha chiganizocho. Izo ziyenera kubwera kunena kuti chitsutso, lomwe wotsutsana akuvomera mwalamulo ndipo ndi umboni, kuti muli Kuthi zigawenga (Article 316 CCP).

Ntchito dongosolo lapadera: zikhalidwe

1. Zopempha wopita ku mlandu pa pangano ndi boma, lomwe iye anabweretsa, ayenera kukhala ofunda.
2. Ayenera mlandu (ngati afuna) kupala chopempha kupempha chilango popanda chiweruzo cha Kuthi pamaso bwalo, pamaso pa uphungu. The wopanga malamulo limatsimikiziranso kwa nthawi wapadera wa nthawi (Article 315 Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba), mwachitsanzo, panthawi imene pali familiarization ndi zipangizo za mlandu kapena pa kumva kuyambirira, mu nthawi imene ndi kuvomerezedwa.
3. 3Litso, amene akuimbidwa mlandu ukhale ayenera kudziwa chikhalidwe ndi zotheka zotsatira za ntchito yake ngati padzakhala ndondomeko yapadera chifukwa ntchito mlandu.
4. Aumwini kapena apagulu woimira boma ayenera kuvomereza kunena mfundo.
5. Mawu a m'ndende chokhumudwitsa chigawenga, ntchito ya umene munthu wapatsidwa sadzakhala upambana zaka khumi.
6. Oganiza chikhalidwe cha mlanduwo ndipo atsimikizire umboni pamodzi choncho.
7. Munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa akamanena za choneneza motsutsa Iye ndi kugwirizana ndi mtima wonse, ndi aliyense "kalata" mu mulanduwu.
8. Pasakhale malo kuchotsedwa mlanduwo.

Ntchito ndi kuganizira za mlandu: kuti kukonzekera

Chilamulo Wachifwamba Woweruza, amene mlanduwu pembedzero, ayenera kukhutira kuti adamnenera anali kudziŵa bwino chikhalidwe ndi kwenikweni ndi zotsatira za pempho lake, ndi kuti chidachitika pa maziko zaufulu ndi kokha atakambirana titani uphungu . Nkhanizi imvera kukhazikitsidwa mu ndondomeko za kukonzekera mayesero.

Pempho kuvomereza ndondomeko yapadera mulandu si kumanga kwa bwalo. Ngati apeza kuti lamulo linaphwanya amafuna Chidavomerezedwera amaloledwa chopempha ndi ichi kapena icho akufotokoza wovulalayo kapena wozenga (pagulu kapena mwachinsinsi), adzakhululukidwa adakana. Khoti motero akhoza perekani mlanduwu ambiri, wabwinobwino.

Chigawo khoti: njila

Kuphunzira waswa malamulo ndi mabwalo mu dongosolo makamaka ndi Lamulo Article 316 Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba. Koma m'pofunika kukumbukira zina mwa zinthu. The lamulo silichita zodziwika bwino malamulo okhudza zikuchokera bwalo, amene adza- yenda bwino. Ku maganizo a chiphunzitso zikuoneka kuti adamnenera anati zopempha awiri. The pempho loyamba mubwereze m'njira yapadera, ndipo chachiwiri - pa kumva gulu, wopangidwa mwa oweruza atatu boma, monga mwa mayendedwe a chotero zikuchokera ndi mwayi wapadera wa chigamulocho milandu kuyan'anila za zolakwa aakulu kapena aakulu (ndime yachitatu 2 wa Article 31 a Code la Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba ). Koma kunena zoona, nkhani zotere n'zochepa. Kuphunzira waswa malamulo ndi mabwalo mu dongosolo makamaka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga gawo loyamba la Article 31 a Code la akuluakulu Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe.

gawoli bwalo kunachitidwa mu mode amene amamasulidwa ku bwalo la Poyamba kuti amuone ndi mapeto a mlandu, ndiwo, ambiri, kuwonjezera zingapo zochititsa. Choyamba, lamulo ndi zofunikira ndi nawo mlandu ndi malangizo ake kapena loya. Pankhaniyi, sizichitika, amene inakhazikitsa Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code la Chitaganya cha Russia ku mbali yachinayi ya nkhani 247. Iwo akunena za mwayi kugwira kumva milandu a sing'anga kapena yokoka kakang'ono popanda nawo mlandu ngati dzanja lake unanenedwa ndi kupempha. Komanso yesetsani gawo payekha kapena wozenga mlandu anthu onse, iye limapezeka pa chiyambi n'kufotokoza mlandu pa mlandu.

Komanso, khoti mafunso wotsutsana mawu a momveka zimene ankamunena, chilolezo wake kwa izo. Funsani funso tipitirize pempho kale analengeza. Ngati kupatsidwa pamaso pa woberedwa, anafunsa funso lofanana. Kulibe, woweruza onetsetsani kuti inauzidwa pamene udzachitike mayesedwe (Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba), kutanthauza nthawi, malo, ndi pakalibe mwaulesi ndi dzanja lake pempho, wotsutsana ankanena.

Pansi njirayi kuphunzira molondola za malamulo onse a ndondomeko si ikuchitika. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kokha kulemekeza nthawi imene kupereka lingaliro la adzadziwire wozengedwayu, komanso kukulitsa kapena mitigating chilango. chakuti iye anagwirizana ndi boma iye anabweretsa, osati kunena wopalamula mlandu ndi umboni womwe uli mu izo, anaphunzira zochepa kwambiri.

Chiweruzo ndi pempho lake

Chiweruziro mlandu adzakhala udutse pokhapokha ngati woweruza ali olimba mkati kotheratu mlandu wotsutsana ndi. Sitiyenera kukhala zoona, ndipo potengera ziyenera a umboni opezeka mlandu. Kuphunzira waswa malamulo ndi makhoti mu dongosolo yeniyeni chimathandiza lililonse limatisokoneza kuvomereza akhoza musalumphe kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za yokhala mu komitiyi ya chilango choopsa kwambiri, amene anaika pa Code Wachifwamba kwa upandu.

A kotheratu za ofotokoza ndi zolinga mbali ayenera muli mawu a choonadi ndiponso kumasonyeza ndi kumenya chigawenga pa mlandu wa kuchita izo, imene wozengedwa anapereka chilolezo, komanso mfundo yomaliza ya bwalo pa chilango cha mawu a zochita zake akafuna mayesero ndi cholinga chapadera. Analysis umboni izi ndi ziyenera ake si anasonyeza.

Mu Wolakwayo ali ndi ufulu wochita apilo otsimikiza pa pempho, kupatula m'munsi pa, anatchulidwa mu ndime yoyamba ya nkhani 379 Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba (anauyamba chigamulo cha anapezazo bwalo Ndipotu si zizigwirizana zochitika za mlandu).

Kodi n'zotheka kusankha mwinamwake

Kuphunzira waswa malamulo ndi makhoti m'njira yapadera amapereka mlandu, ndipo malinga ndi malamulo ambiri ali wolakwa. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, mu mutu wa 40 wa Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code la Chitaganya cha Russia palibe malamulo amene amaletsa kumwa zochita zina. Komabe, ngati si lamulo kufufuza umboni ndi mmene choncho (lenileni) sidzasinthika. Mwachitsanzo, kusankha kusintha chiyeneretso cha chokhumudwitsa (kokha ku mbali ya chifundo), ndi kuchotsa Kuthi chigawenga chifukwa atapita nyengo malire, kusintha malamulo wachifwamba, chiyanjanitso ndi ochitiridwayo, kwa Amnesty kuchita kapena kulephera kwa wozenga mlandu anthu pa milandu.

Ngati mukufuna kuphunzira umboni chigamulo cha sanam'peze ndi mlandu, ndi woweruzayo apereke chigamulo pa momwe kuletsa kupanga za mlandu mu dongosolo yeniyeni ndipo anapereka kwa lililonse la malamulo ambiri.

Mapeto a pangano mgwirizano (chisanadze mayesero)

Izi amatanthauza mgwirizano wapadera pakati pa chitetezo ndi kuyimbidwa magulu amene akugwirizana pa zikhalidwe za udindo wa mlandu (akuganiza), malingana ndi zochita zawo ndi nthawi pamene adzakhala mlandu kapena mlandu. Malinga ndi Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Chilamulo, pempho kupempha kunena ndi mgwirizano pangano (chisanadze mayesero) amapereka akuganiza (kapena mlandu), nthawi zonse akulembera ku ofesi khoti linalamula yolembedwa ndi uphungu kapena loya. Iwo akhoza kunena chiyambi akuti pa tsiku la milandu, ndi kufikira nthawi imene adzakhala analengeza pa akamaliza kufufuza waukuluwo. Izo ziyenera zikuphatikizapo kutitsogolera pa khalidwe la mlandu kapena akuganiza wavomera kuti magawowa kufufuza za upandu, wosasamalira amathandiza ena, kutsatira otaika katundu. Wotiyimira lidzayenera kuonanso ntchito mwa nthawi osati choposa masiku atatu, kenako chiganizo pa ovomerezeka kapena kukana.

Kufufuza kuyambirira ikuchitika malinga ndi Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba (machaputala 22-27 ndi 30) ndi specifications ziri mu Article 317,4. Pambuyo mapeto a mlandu kunditumiza ku wozenga, amene pamodzi ndi chitsutso zimapangitsa chifaniziro. Mu inawo, ananena pa ntchito udindo ndi mlandu kuti analanda ulamuliro.

Pambuyo mlandu amapita ku khoti, pamodzi ndi chifaniziro cha (kuti chifukwa chake, malinga ndi Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba, Article 317.6), nkhani yoti kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yapadera kuti lililonse la mlandu.

Vuto ndi dongosolo lapadera zimene zikuchitika

1. Kungakupatseni kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za onse amene amasamalira za mlandu wa anthu pansi njira procedural kuchepetsa, amene ntchito kukhazikitsa imene upandu chidaperekedwa.
2. Sound ndi chololedwa chilango cha munthu anavomereza kulakwa kwake, khoti mu nkhani iyi si kukhazikitsa zinthu mwamsanga ya upandu.
3. A kuchepetsa kwambiri mfundo za review ndi kufufuza mlanduwu.
4. Kuchepetsa nthawi m'ndende pa nkhani ya kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso izi kwa wozengedwayu.

A bwino ndi okhwima review a makhoti zovuta, voluminous milandu wachifwamba ulemu umene ntchito ndikolakwika "Kuti wapadera" njira chifukwa n'chiyani ndi kuthetsa mwamsanga milandu ankaona gulu.

lothandiza kwa "dongosolo lapadera"

Monga zachilendo kuti zingaoneke, koma osati kwambiri. Woyamba ndipo chopambana - ndi chakuti mlandu, pamene iye anavomera mlandu wawo, amatha tisaletse vuto lawo osachepera 1/3 la Chilango chaukali kwambiri anapereka nkhani imene akuyenerera upandu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mlandu, chapamwamba malire chimene zaka 6 m'ndende, ndiye "Kuti wapadera" pazipita nthawi sadzakhala zaka zoposa 4. The kuphatikiza chachiwiri - Kupenda mwamsanga choncho bwalo, izo zimatithandiza, amachepetsa nthawi ya mlandu, komanso kupanga angapo mphindi wapadera kupanga pamisinkhu zina za ndondomeko chigawenga. Ndi mwayi wachitatu (ndi boma) - kupulumutsa procedural ndi chuma chuma.

zoyipa

• Choyamba, Ine kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi zonse zimene anapereka mokwanira, ndi chilembo chilichonse cha mulanduwu. Only ndiye zingatheke kuweluzidwa mukati mwa "Kuti wapadera".
• Chachiwiri, ngati munthu si mogwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro, ndiye alibe ufulu wochita apilo ku mawu a zochitika zenizeni mlanduwo. M'mawu ena, munthu mlandu sadzatha kutsimikizira sanapalamule upandu. Kukonda zitha kukhala kuphwanya uliwonse wa chilengedwe procedural yotentha ndi bwalo, komanso kukula kwa chilango kwa potchula zochita zake zopanda chilungamo.
• Ndipo chachitatu, mu kuzindikira ndi mlandu sizikutanthauza pangano ndi kanthu a boma, ngati anali ankagwira. Ngati mukugwirizana ndi iye mwanjira yapadera, amadandaula wotsatira ndi chiweruziro cha kusagwirizana ndi chonena odandaula ali wokanidwa.

Mulimonsemo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njirayi, kukakamiza kuzipeleka ntchito palibe amene amaloledwa. Ichi mwangwiro zaufulu chibwenzi.

Mchitidwe kutsatira mayesero mwa dongosolo wapadera si chatsopano ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dziko, mwachitsanzo mu USA, Israel, India, ndi ena a ku Ulaya. Mu Russia, anayambitsa ndi Posachedwapa, mu 2009. Kodi dzina Wachifwamba Chilamulo Institute, ali chiyembekezo chabwino kwambiri, koma zimafuna pofuna ndi kusintha.