Zida Black msika mu Russia. Oletsedwa manja loba (Wachifwamba Code)

"Poganizira panopa upandu vuto ..." - amene mwa ife amene adamva mawu awa, kuti achenjeze zoopsa. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene zimachititsa kuti pakhale zinthu zoipa zokhudza kuzembetsa bongo zinthu. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti pali wakuda zida msika mu Russia. Pamodzi ndi chitukuko pali prerequisites kwa kuwongolera achiwembu ndi uchigawenga.

maganizo

Ndi tanthauzo, chida - ndi chida chilichonse kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito posonyeza populumutsa (adziteteze), kupha kapena chiwonongeko cha aliyense chandamale moyo.

Pofuna kupereka mfundo yunifolomu malamulo m'munda wa zida za zolowa mu 1997 analowa mphamvu Chilamulo Federal "Pa Zida» № 150-FZ, amene amatsatila onse chida ndi ukulu ndi malingaliro ofunikira. Malinga ndi chilamulo, ntchito ya wokhulupirira kulamulira kufalitsa mfuti chili ndi apolisi. Mawu Buku chimafotokozera Chilamulo Federal "Pa Police" omwe adalowa mphamvu mu 2011.

Tikumbukenso kuti ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chilamulo "Pa Zida" chawonjezeka chiwerengero cha anthu amene kugula nyama, masewera ndi mfuti zina ndi mfuti njira malamulo. Pankhaniyi, chida ayenera kukalembetsa, ndi mwini ayenera kukhala ndi chiphatso kwa ogulidwa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani. Mbali imeneyi imapereka wapadera dipatimenti apolisi - OLRR (pulogalamuyo ndipo zololera dipatimenti ntchito).

Mwatsoka, lamulo "Pa Zida" nkhani kuwuluridwa sikokwanira, kuti amalola kutanthauzira mphatso imeneyi nzeru zake yekha. Kwenikweni, sikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa gulu la zida sanali woopsa (mwachitsanzo, gasi mfuti), zomwe, ngakhale sali zoopsa, koma lakonzedwa kuwombera. Standard zipolopolo akhoza m'malo ndi zoopsa.

zida

Lamulo № 150-FZ izi (ena mwa iwo amalembedwa msika manja oletsedwa).

1. manja Civil:

a) adziteteze chida:

• Moto yosalala-inabala zida, kuphatikizapo makatiriji kanthu zoopsa.

• Zida amadza zochepa.

• zida Mafuta.

• zipangizo za magetsi mantha.

b) zida zamasewera:

• mfuti ndi mbiya rifled.

• yosalala.

• Cold bladed.

• otayika.

• Air ndi kuipanikiza mphamvu osapitirira 3 J.

c) kusaka zida:

• kuleza barreled mfuti ndi mbiya rifled.

• Mosyasyalika-inabala kuleza barreled, kuphatikizapo gawo yamazinga wa osapitirira 140 mm.

• Pamodzi mtundu wa kuleza barreled, kuphatikizapo zochotseka ndi kumasunga rifled mbiya.

• Air ndi kuipanikiza mphamvu osapitirira 25 J.

• Cold bladed.

g) kusonyeza chida ;

e) tsamba manja kuvala zovala dziko;

e) zida kuigwiritsa ntchito pa chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro - yakale yoyendera olembedwa kutali ndi chikhalidwe phindu.

Choncho, awa mitundu ya zida ndi yovomerezeka ndi akhoza kupangidwa, anapeza, oyenera onyamula, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

Zida, amene uli kuzembetsa ndi oletsedwa, makamaka kumenyana moto. Mtengo wa zida mwakatangale anatsimikiza ndi sapulaya ndi.

kukweza Self chida

Kawirikawiri milandu pamene mfuti zina Kulimbikitsa ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo. mpheto aliyense ndi zimenezo, imbaenda chakuti kusintha makhalidwe zayamba mosiyana, osati envisaged mwa lamulo, likhale chida zoletsedwa. Pa milandu m'pofunika kupereka ulemu wapadera, chifukwa lamulo silitchula mphindi kuti kulola wamakono. Pakuti kusintha padera ndi ntchito amapereka boma komanso zigawenga udindo.

Makamaka, Code Wachifwamba pali Article 223, umene umati ndi n'kosaloleka kupanga penapake, kapena kukonzetsa komanso malonda oletsedwa zida zomwe kungachititse chilango cha zaka ziwiri za moyo weniweni njuchi. Ndipo iwo amene chifukwa cha zochita zawo akadali anazindikira akuphwanya malamulo mpheto ndipo mwakufuna anagonja pa nkhokwe, osapatsidwa udindo pa chigawenga.

Mu Administrative Nkhani Code 20.8-20.15 okhudza ntchito, kusintha, kugulitsa, wokonzedwanso mwamakono ndi pulogalamuyo zida ndi kuvala anthu wake mu chikhalidwe cha mowa kapena zina kuledzera. Chilango cha anthu amene achita utsogoleri chilango mulandu umene wanyamula zabwino zonsezi ngati muli si kukhumudwa chigawenga. M'njira imeneyi, ya ofufuza za malamulo Russian amanena kuti zikusiyana pakati pa zigawenga ndi malamulo utsogoleri ndi kuzembetsa bongo wa manja amalenga duality chilango mu ndondomeko malamulo, kuyambira n'zovuta kudziwa maganizo a udindo.

Zifukwa loba mikono

Zida loba mu Russia mpaka wafika mliri kufanana chifukwa cha kusowa malamulo luso ndi malamulo mu pulogalamuyo ndipo zololera dipatimenti. Kupanga standardization ndi chitsimikizo cha manja ndi enshrined mu "Pa zaumisiri lamulo" lamulo, lomwe anavomerezedwa mu 2003. Komabe, limatchula zida monga phunziro, umene ndi kuopseza ndi moyo, amafuna kukhazikitsidwa zokhudza malamulo malamulo mbali zonse za zida, osawerengela osalumikidwa ndi ntchito katundu.

Mukhoza kuyamba ndi chakuti loba manja oletsedwa kufalitsidwa pakati pa anthu zokwanira. zolakwa malamulo zikugwirizananso mu kusafuna nzika kuti akalembetse. Izi makamaka chifukwa nthawi ya ndondomeko, kufunika kuchita zinthu, zomwe sikuti nthawi zonse nthawi. The ogwira ntchito okha kuti kufunika kusintha malamulo luso, zimene imathandizira pa ndondomeko ya pulogalamuyo ndipo kulembetsa zida. Kupeza specifications zida zogwirizana chofunika panthawi wa akatswiri antchito OLRR alibe. Zimenezi, amalenga kufunika kuchita akatswiri kunja, zomwe zimatenga nthawi.

Komanso tisaiwale kuti zida oletsedwa chofunika kwa anthu amene sangathe kupeza izo mwalamulo chifukwa chilichonse.

zida mwalamulo anapeza

Zinthu kugula malamulo woopsa mphamvu n'kofunika kupeza chilolezo ndi ziphatso. Popanda zolemba izi chida, amene wokwatibwa ndi nzika, tidzakambirana mmene bongo. Zida ayenera kugula kuchokera mayina mwalamulo wazamalonda kusamvana kuti akhoza zopezera dipatimenti ya pulogalamuyo ndipo kuloleza ntchito. Kwenikweni theka chaka. Mfuti wagawo ayenera kupereka kuyang'anira pa dipatimenti chomwecho. Kwa izo, ngati n'koyenera, kupanga kulamulira zotsatira kuwombera kuti adalowa pulegilzoteku, ndiyeno inu mukhoza kutenga chilolezo kwa mwini, madziwo kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Chikalatachi chomveka kwa zaka 5. Kuti kuvomerezedwa, chitani motere:

• Kukumana ndi kufufuza mankhwala.
• Zimaphunzitsidwa yoyenera kusamalira zida nkhani.

Tikumbukenso kuti zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito manja kwa anthu amene:

• anawerengedwa mankhwala mankhwala ndi chipatala cha amisala;
• ndi kukhudzidwa kwambiri;
• kuti zimafika chikhulupiriro kuzembetsa zida;
• sizinawakhudze zaka 18.

Pakuti kugula mitundu ina ya zaka zida ayenera kukhala zaka zosachepera 21.

Izi ndi zina chakudya zogwirizana malamulo zida, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro Wachifwamba ndi Administrative, ayenera mosamalitsa anati, mwinamwake kuzembetsa zida tidzakambirana oletsedwa.

Oletsedwa kugula zida

A bungwe osiyana kwambiri malamulo ali wakuda msika zida Russia. Poyerekeza, ndi kukulitsa la zida oletsedwa paokha - wa madzi oundana pamwamba pa chuma mthunzi. Panopa, mukhoza kugula zida, osati kudziwa katundu mwachindunji, komanso pa Intaneti.

Kukwera mtengo kwa zida zotere, poyerekeza ndi zochitika za malamulo, si chopinga zigawenga kapena anthu amene ndikungofuna kuti zida. Overpaying amagulira sanangotchula amapulumutsa nthawi koma amalandiranso zida aliyense pa zosowa zawo.

Black msika zida Russia nthawi zonse kusinthidwa ndi zochitika latsopano ndi watsopano, ndi njira kulimbana ndi makope oletsedwa zida kukhala pa mlingo chomwecho.

Magwero a zida oletsedwa

Kwenikweni, iwo ukuchokera ku zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Asilikali Zida (kuba zida kuchokera zapansi nkhondo).
• Army njira (zida kubedwa panthawi ya nkhondo).
• zida Service kubedwa kwa akuluakulu yazamalamulo.
• Zida opanga, amene ali oletsedwa malonda.
• Kuzembetsa ku maiko oyandikana.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 17% ya manja amachokera ku nkhondo, 14% - milandu kuba, 5% ya okwana - zotsatira za "archeologists wakuda". Komabe, amene anapereka sanafune kupereka mayina awo, omwe ndi kudziwa zenizeni m'munda wa kugulitsa bongo manja, iwo ananena kuti zida anapeza zofukulidwa kwa nthawi yaitali popanda munthu kugula - kosadzilemekeza.

Kuloledwa kugula zida. The ufulu kukhala ndikathundu

Mitengo ya zinthu malamulo zida Zimatengera mtundu wa mtundu wake anagula. Komanso nzika wamba akhoza kugula mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Zida kuti adziteteze.
• Othamanga.
• Kusaka.
• Bladed melee chida chimene lakonzedwa kuti kufooka ndi zovala dziko.

zida zankhondo angathe kukhala mosamalitsa kokha mwa maikidwe, ngati chikugwirizana ndi kufunika ntchito. Angathandize kapangidwe zotsatirazi:

• yazamalamulo mabungwe.
• Asilikaliwo chitetezo.
• Zida Mphamvu ya la Russia.
• chitetezo Private makampani.

Pa yomweyo zida za nkhondo, amene mitengo ndi malamulo ndi boma, wogulitsidwa chiphaso, chimene wosindikiza gulu. Wogwila ntchito amene ali ovomerezeka kusunga ndi usilikali, amaphunzitsidwa.

mayunitsi mtengo smoothbore pa imodzi mwa malo yovomerezeka:

Mtengo wa mitundu ina ya zida oletsedwa

Black msika zida Russia amapereka chitsanzo makamaka mayunitsi nkhondo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ndi TT ndi ambiri kuposa PM, monga "Macarena" anabwera makamaka olembedwa kutali, ndiye iwo kale anauponya ake.

Monga lero, masiku ano gulu la zigawenga wakonda ntchito chida zakunja silencer, kotero zitsanzo za m'banja kuti kwambiri wagwa mu mtengo. Mtengo wa zida kuyambira madola 100 900, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale apamwamba.

Mwachitsanzo, mu 90s, pamene funde la zachiwawa pa pachimake, ndi AK-74 zikhoza kugulidwa kwa $ 500. Lero zinthu zasintha ndi makina yemweyo, amene kale choncho, zikhoza kugulidwa kwa $ 150.

ziwerengero zolondola pa mtengo wa No, zosatheka kupeza mtengo zilipo pagulu "mafuta chida", koma amadziwika kuti mtengo uli pafupifupi kawiri malamulo.

Mwalamulo, Unduna wa silikhali anakana kugula AK-74 mokomera zida zatsopano kuti mwina "Izhmash" azapatsa boma. Pa nthawi, malo wodzazidwa ndi mtundu deta ya chida, pamene nkhondo zamakono amafuna chitsanzo kuposa makina lodziwika bwino.

layisensi revocation

Companies amene amapanga zida zifunika kuti chiphatso ndi lamulo "Pa pulogalamuyo zinthu zina". Komanso, ziyenela kuyan'anidwa osati malamulo malamulo komanso zikhalidwe za ulimi, yosungirako ndi malonda. Apolisi, monga mwa chilamulo "Pa Police" ali ndi ufulu kuyendera malo, kuphatikizapo zofunikira, chifukwa kugwilizana ndi zinthu zakumwamba. Ngati wapolisi wavumbulutsa kuphwanya aliyense, mchitidwe yoyenera. License mu nkhani iyi, kampani angasiye.

kupanga patsogolo ndi malonda zida popanda chilolezo zochita oletsedwa poponyedwa malamulo. Zimenezi zimaonekera Nkhani 171 wa Wachifwamba Code - bizinesi oletsedwa popanda chilolezo.

Oletsedwa kupanga zida

Osati makampani onse amene anataya ziphatso awo, amakana kwa yopanga ndi kugulitsa zida. Business zolowa mayunitsi akubweretsa ndalama yokulirapo choncho pali malonda oletsedwa mu kupanga ndi kugulitsa zida zankhondo. Kwenikweni tagwirizana ndi kudutsa nkhope bwino, umene uli wotsimikiza kuti atsogolere.

Kupita kupanga zida mu chuma mthunzi kumabweretsa awiri boma, chifukwa ndalama analandira pamene kukhazikitsa zida ndi yosavomerezeka komanso kuti mudziwe udindo wa ndalama analandira mwa oletsedwa. M'tsogolo, pali legalization zawo, koma ulamuliro msonkho ndalama si nkhani.

ndalama mwachinyengo anapereka kwa Gawo 174 ndi 174,1 wa Code Wachifwamba ndi chilango kwa zaka 10 m'ndende.

Features kusonkhanitsa zida, magazini ndi replicas

Mu lamulo malamulo ndi nkhani zida wankhondo, mitengo yomwe anazilemba kale, komanso wokhometsa. Komanso nkhani kuti kulembetsa ndi chitsimikizo, ngakhale si ntchito. zida Kwenikweni amenewa ndiwo wa mtengo mbiri ndiponso anthu amene akufuna kugula Mwachitsanzo wapadera zokwanira.

Komanso, pali magazini ndi replicas zida za nkhondo, amene ankaimba pa zithunzi pachiyambi. Izi mitundu ya zinthu zoona, kukhala ngati chida, kotero iwo alibe kupha mphamvu, koma iwo ali mbali zonse za chiyambi.

Makope, replicas, chidole zida si bwino nkhani, yomwe ndi ngozi ndi moyo makhalidwe, choncho kwaulere popanda chilolezo iliyonse.

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti atavala buku la chida osati upandu, nzika ali ndi ufulu kugwira apolisi kudziwa zinthu monga kofunika kuti awonetsepo mphamvu zoti mawu mwini wake wa nkhaniyi, chinaonekeranso mwa chifaniziro cha pachiyambi.

legalization zida

mwapadera ayenera kukhala zida mtchatho. Mu 2014, anauzidwa kuti posachedwapa kuvala ndi ntchito mayunitsi aliyense adzaloledwa, kuphatikizapo nkhondo. Komabe, Utumiki Mkati wakana mawu awa, kuti akanati modernized mfundo za malamulo luso. pomwe uyu sadzakhala nacho chirichonse chochita ndi chigamulocho wa zolowa wa chida chilichonse, anati utumiki.

Pakali pano, kukonzedwa "Malamulo a zolowa zida boma ndi utumiki ndi zipolopolo pa dera la Russian Federation" umene analoledwa zida za zoopsa adziteteze kwa anthu amene ali ndi chiphatso kwa chuma chake, madziwo ntchito. Poyamba, lamulo kuloledwa kunyamula zida lokha pa chandamale mchitidwe nyama, ndi masewera osiyanasiyana.