Kujambula pamisonkhano. Kuwerenga zojambula pamisonkhano

Chipangizo chirichonse cha magetsi, zipangizo zam'nyumba, ngakhale mipando m'nyumba zathu zimapangidwa pamaziko a zithunzi zojambula bwino. Momwe zinthu zaumwini zimayambira, kenako msonkhano wa zigawozi, njira zowakhazikika ndi kuziika pambali pa wina ndi mzake zikuwonetsedwa. Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito pamsonkhanowu ayenera kuwerenga zithunzizo, chifukwa amatsogolera momwe angagwirizanitse zolinga za mlengiyo, komanso zomwe ali nazo komanso njira yothetsera ziwalo zofunika.

Mfundo zazikulu

Mawu akuti "kujambula pamisonkhano" amatanthauza chikalata chojambula chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsera gulu lokhala ndi zigawo zofunika ndi zofunikira zomwe zimayenera kupanga, komanso kulamulira kwapamwamba. Chojambula choterechi chimachitika pamene mukupanga zolembedwazo. Iyenera kupereka chithunzi chokwanira cha malo omwe msonkhano unagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbali zina. Kujambula pamisonkhano kumapangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za GOST 2.102-68 "Mitundu ndi zokwanira zolemba zolemba".

Tsatanetsatane - chida chopangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za ESKD kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi komanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito msonkhano.

Zithunzi zojambula - zolemba za wopanga, pomwe pali chithunzi cha gawolo, miyeso yonse yofunikira kuti izipange, komanso muzofunikira zamakhalidwe, zimaperekedwa, ngati kuli koyenera, kuziyika.

Chojambulacho chiyenera kukhala ndi chiyani?

Chojambula chilichonse cha msonkhanowo chiyenera kukhala ndi izi:

- momwe gawo la msonkhano likugwirira ntchito yomaliza potsata zinthu zina;

- momwe ziwalozo zimakhalira pamodzi;

- miyeso yonse - iwonetsere kutalika kwake, kutalika kwake ndi m'lifupi mwake;

- miyeso yowonongeka - onetsetsani kuti miyeso yonse ya zinthu zomwe zimafunika kuti muyambe kupanga mankhwalawa;

- ziyanjano zogwirizanitsa --wonetsani kukula kwa mfundo zojambulidwa ndi mbali zina kapena magulu a msonkhano;

- miyeso yowonetsera - imasonyezedwa pa zojambula kuchokera m'mabuku owerengetsera (kwa miyendo yeniyeni ya ulusi, mtedza, mabotolo, zikopa, etc.);

- Zosagwirizana zowonjezereka zogwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yopanga, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira ubwino wa mankhwala;

- njira zokuthandizira zigawo, kuwonetsa kugwirizana ndi njira zowonjezera;

- udindo wa gawo lirilonse mu msonkhano, wopangidwa mu ndondomeko;

- kutalika kumene kujambula kukuchitidwa;

- mankhwala olemera.

Malamulo Oyambirira Ochita Zojambula Pamisonkhano

Kuwonetsedwa kwa kujambula kwa msonkhano kumapangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za GOST 2.109-73. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa ziwalo zosinthasintha kapena zosunthira, mungathe kuziwonetsa pamwambamwamba kapena pamalo apakati. Ndikofunika kufotokozera miyeso yofunikira. Ngati kuwerenga kojambula kumakhala kovuta, ndiye kuti mbali zina zingasonyezedwe mosiyana, polemba zizindikiro zofunika kuwonetsera malo.

Mukamapanga magawo kapena mabala pa gawo lomwelo, muyenera kukhala ndi mtunda womwewo ndi mtunda pakati pawo pamene mukuwotcha.

Ngati kudula kumapangidwira pamalo ojambulira magawo awiri, ndiye kuti kudula kumalo komwe kudulidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana kapena pamtunda wosiyana pakati pa mizere yokhazikika.

Ngati ndi kotheka, chiwerengerochi chikuwonetsa kukhwimitsa, zolephereka zovomerezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zofunikira kapena mabowo. Palinso mbali zingapo zomwe simungathe kupanga zojambula za munthu aliyense, koma ngati palibe zofunikira, zimayikidwa pamtunda wojambula.

Ngati kuchitapo kanthu kwa gawo liyenera kuonetsetsedweratu poyenerera kapena kufanana, zisindikizo zoyenera zidzapangidwa.

Kufotokozera malo ena

Zonsezi zikuluzikulu za msonkhanowo zikuwerengedwa molingana ndi GOST 2.109-73.

Chigawo chilichonse, komanso zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi chiwerengero chawo, chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa iwo polemba zojambulazo pa kujambulidwa kwa msonkhano.

Zonse zojambulazo zimasonyezedwa ndi mizere yotsogoleredwa, yomwe imachokera ku gawo lililonse. Mapeto a mzere, omwe ali mu fano la gawolo palokha, amadzaza ndi dontho. Mzere wokha ndi mzere wotsogolera amaimiridwa ndi mzere woonda wopitirira. Mwachiwonetsero chachikulu, mbali zonse zooneka zikuwonetsedwa. Maudindo a zosaoneka zosaoneka akuwonetsedwa paziwonetsero zina kapena zigawo zina.

Udindo wa malo wapangidwa mofanana ndi kulembedwa kwakukulu mu fomu ya kujambula. Ndiponso, malo ayenera kutengedwa kunja kwa chigawo cha mbali, akhoza kugawidwa.

Ngati gawo lomwelo likupezeka pamsonkhanowu katchulidwa kambirimbiri, ndiye kuti malo ake amangoikidwa kamodzi kokha, ndipo pamabuku omwe ali pafupi ndi chiwerengerocho amasonyezedwa kangati mojambula.

Nambala zazinthu zimasonyezedwa muzithunzi zomwe zili zazikulu ziwiri kuposa zolemba ndi chimango.

Kudutsa mizere pa malo a malo sikunenedwa, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala ndi njira imodzimodzi, komanso mizere ya kuswa.

Zosavuta ndi zizindikiro m'mawonedwe

Pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa msonkhano, mungagwiritse ntchito mayina ololedwa ndi zosavuta.

Muzojambula n'zosatheka kuti musonyeze chamfers, grooves, fillets, protuberances ang'onoang'ono, grooves, ndi zina, komanso mipata, ngati yaying'ono kukula.

Ngati mujambula mukufuna kufotokoza ziwalo zomwe zili ndi chivundikiro kapena chophimba, ndiye kuti zoterezi zimaloledwa kusonyeza. Onjezerani zolembera zokhudza tsatanetsatane wa malo omwe simunasonyezedwe.

Ngati chigawo chomwecho (gudumu, chithandizo) chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo patsikulo, amaloledwa kusonyeza chithunzi chake kamodzi kokha.

Malo a soldering, gluing kapena kuwotcherera amatha kusonyezedwa ngati maunifolomu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malire pakati pa magawo a mbali zosiyanasiyana amakhala.

Komanso, malingana ndi GOST 2.315-68, mfundo zowonjezera zimasonyezedwa m'njira yosavuta.

Malingaliro

Pulogalamuyi , yomwe imapanga zolemba zonse zomwe zili pamsonkhano malinga ndi GOST 2.108-68. Chigawochi chikuchitidwa pamtundu wa A4 mosiyana pa msonkhano uliwonse. Zonsezi zigawo za msonkhano zimayikidwa mwapadera. Malingana ndi nkhaniyi, mafotokozedwewa amapangidwa ndi magawo otsatizana a magawo otsatirawa: zolemba, mbali zogwirizanitsa, zigawo, zinthu zofanana, zinthu zina, zipangizo, makina.

Sikuti kukhalapo kwa zigawo zonse muzinthu zonse. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo sali wodzazidwa, sichidalembedwe. Mutu wa gawoli walembedwa mwa kudula mizere iwiri kuchokera ku zolemba zapitazo, pakati pa graph dzina lofotokozedwa ndi mzere wolunjika woonda.

Zamagulu zinalembedwa mwachidule. Kuwerengera kwa malo kumachokera ku gawo loyamba kupyolera muzowonjezera zonsezo. Komanso mu ndime yofananayo amasonyeza GOST kapena kutchulidwa kwa gawo lapadera ndi nambala yawo mu msonkhano uno.

Zotsatira za kuchitidwa kwa zojambula pamisonkhano

Zojambula pamsonkhanowo zimagwiritsidwa kale kale kuchokera ku chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena kujambula koyamba zomwe zili muzinthu monga SolidWorks, Kompas 3D, ndipo pokhapokha amapanga zojambula zokha.

Musanayambe kujambula, muyenera:

- phunzirani mfundo, mfundo ya mankhwala ndi cholinga chake;

- kuwululira momwe dongosolo la msonkhano womaliza lidzapangidwire;

- gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko ya zigawo zonse;

- pangani ziwonetsero za ziwalo zonse zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu msonkhano (kupatula pazokhazo), onetsetsani kuti ziwalo zonse zili ndi miyeso yonse yofunikira kupanga, ndikufotokozeranso za mankhwala , zovuta ;

- sankhani zithunzi zambiri zowonjezera pa malo pamasewerawo, pangani nambala yochepa ya mawonedwe ena ndi mabala;

- malingana ndi kukula kwa chithunzi chosankhidwa, chiwerengero cha mawonedwe ndi mabala, sankhani kukula kwake koyenera;

- malizitsani chithunzi cha kujambula;

- Konzani ndondomeko ya mafano onse, yang'anani ntchitoyo;

- gwiritsani ntchito kukula kwake, kuwerengera malo, kulemba mitundu yonse, kudula;

- lembani zofunikira zapamwamba kuti mupangire zigawo za zojambulazo;

- lembani mndandandawo.

M'munsimu muli zitsanzo zosavuta za zithunzi za msonkhano.

Momwe mungawerenge molondola zithunzi zojambula

Kuwerenga zojambula pamsonkhanowu kumaphatikizapo, choyamba, kufufuza zambiri za momwe mankhwalawa akukonzedwera ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Powerenga zithunzi zomwe mukufuna:

- kumvetsa mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zomwe mankhwalawa akukonzekera, malinga ndi zolembedwera pamakalata;

- kudziwa mbali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi malingaliro;

- kumvetsetsa tsatanetsatane wachinthu chilichonse, zigawo za malo ndi ntchito mogwirizana ndi zinthu zina zofunika;

- onetsetsani kuti dongosolo la disassembly ndi msonkhano wa mankhwalawa lidzachitika bwanji (kuwerenga zolemba zazikulu muzithunzi, zojambulazo ndi zojambula zake, kulumikizana ndi chidziwitso pazithunzi ndi pazithunzi zojambula);

- kufufuza kufotokozera za mankhwala omalizidwa kapena analog;

- kupeza njira yomwe mbali iliyonse imagwirizanirana.

Kufotokozera zithunzi zambiri

Kulongosola zojambula pamsonkhano ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yovuta. Pokhala ndi msonkhano wambiri wa gawo, m'pofunika kupanga zithunzi za mbali zonse pogwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo ndi ndondomeko, ndikusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yotsatila ndikugwiritsira ntchito miyeso ndi zolemba zonse zofunika.

Kodi kukula kotani kudzakhala gawo lapadera, phunzirani, pogwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa zojambulazo ndi kukula kwa gawo ili pa izo. Miyeso ya zigawo zowonongeka imachotsedwa ku bukhu, osati kuchokera pa zojambula.

Zithunzi za kujambula kwa msonkhano nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magawo atatu:

- Kuwerenga zojambula pamsonkhano kukhala ndi maganizo ambiri;

- tanthawuzo la mawonekedwe a magawo;

- kujambula kwa gawo lirilonse.