Kudziyimira pawokha - chodabwitsa ndale? Kodi zikutanthauzanji kudziyimira pawokha?

kudziyimira pawokha ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi mawu mwangwiro ndale, kapena chodabwitsa kuti angayambe zosiyanasiyana zina? ndi zizindikiro za kudziyimira pawokha chiyani?

The multiplicity kutanthauzira

Mawu akuti "kudziyimira pawokha" ndi capacious kwambiri. Ndi kutanthauzira nthanthi ya izo - pamaso pa mipata makamaka chinthu moyo paokha. Ngati M'malo mwake, tikulimbana ndi heteronomy, mwachitsanzo, pakalibe zizindikiro za ufulu. Palinso kutanthauzira ndale akuti, pamene Authority - la boma (zambiri ngakhale boma) maphunziro ali ulamuliro poyerekezera ndi nkhani zina. Pali kuzindikira chikhalidwe cha zodabwitsazi - ufulu wa anthu ena (aliyense payekha kapena timagulu dera). Palinso kutanthauzira maganizo akuti, pamene chitukuko munthu sikuchita chikoka owoneka a chinthu chilichonse.

Kudziyimira pawokha - ndi, monga ulamuliro, nkhani kapena chodabwitsa (mkhalidwe). Chitsanzo cha yoyamba - mitundu-mitundu kudziyimira pawokha (bungwe lakonzedwa kukhala mtundu uliwonse), kwachiwiri - Kupititsa kudziyimira pawokha zikutanthauza ufulu wa zinthu zina kapena madera ena.

Kudziyimira pawokha pa nkhani za mbiri yakale

Mawu akuti "kudziyimira pawokha" mu tanthauzo la ndale la mbiri amadziwa ndithu posachedwapa. Iye zambiri kapena zochepa ambiri anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, yogwira - pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mu Russia, Koma chodabwitsa kudziyimira pawokha zapatsidwa chodziwa tcheru. Wokwanira ndi kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mu Soviet Union ndi ntchito kuchita polenga mabungwe boma. Kudziyimira pawokha akhalipo, mwachitsanzo, monga nzika za RSFSR lapansi. Iwo bwino, koma osati ulamuliro, koma chabe chida ndale za mawu a ulamuliro wa mafuko.

Mu RSFSR anali kudziyimira pawokha ndale (dziko), komanso utsogoleri (zigawo, zigawo). Mbali yaikulu ya choyamba chinali malamulo ake, ndi zina dziko, wachiwiri - ndi udindo waukulu maboma. Mtundu uwu wa utsogoleri magawano ndi anakhalabe mu maphokoso Soviet Russia m'njira zambiri. Izi zinachitikira m'mbiri anakonzeratu zikamera akuti "dziko kudziyimira pawokha". zodabwitsazi zaposachedwapa yakhala nkhani pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana maboma - onse mu Russia ndi m'bwalo lonse.

Kudziyimira pawokha: zinachitikira Chinese

Chitsanzo cha boma, anakwanitsa bwinobwino zimagwirizizirana mwa malire ake magulu angapo mitundu, ambiri amene ali ofanana kwambiri ndi mnzake zachikhalidwe ndi linguistically - Chinese. Malinga ndi malamulo a, China ndi boma ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Boma Chinese kupeza magulu 56 mitundu tikukhala mu dziko. Yaikulu ya iwo - ndi Han dziko. Mbali zotsala amatchedwa ing'onoing'ono dziko. Iwo anapatsidwa ufulu m'munda wa ndale wodzilamulira.

Omwe magulu mafuko a China amakhala m'timagulu yaying'ono, anakhazikitsa makonsolo. Kubverana m'mafuko aang'ono ndi Han Chinese zachokera umodzi, azimai umodzi wa dziko, komanso dzuwa la vuto la zachuma. Popeza mphamvu ya kukula kwa dziko GDP anganene kuti chitsanzo cha ndondomeko ya dziko ali bwino. M'mbali zambiri ndi mtengo wa chipani cholamulira cha China - Communist. Kale kale chikominisi ndi anthu Chinese simungathe kudziwa chodabwitsa kudziyimira pawokha, chimene icho chiri. Pa mfundo za ulemu zofuna m'dera dziko zochokera panopa dongosolo loyang'anira dziko.

kudziyimira pawokha Political: zinachitikira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana

Kudziyimira pawokha -, ngati inu kutenga nkhani zandale, ufulu madera mkati boma. chodabwitsa Izi enshrined m'chilamulo mu mayiko ambiri Western. Mwachitsanzo, Spain. Monga mbali ya dziko lino lili ndi mabungwe angapo yoyenda yokha - ndi Basque Country, Andalusia, kapena, nkuti, Catalonia. Pali zitsanzo mbali za ku France (Corsica). Mu Finland, ndi yoyenda yokha Islands Aland amanenedwa ndi.

Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri - Greenland, amene ali de A jure limabweretsa Denmark, koma de A facto amapereka boma pandekha. N'chimodzimodzinso kwa Islands Faroe. zilumbazi, komanso de A jure gawo la Denmark ali Mwachitsanzo, mwini mpira timu yake. mfundo kasamalidwe deta formations mu Europe ndi mwachilungamo chilengedwe: kudera paokha kuthetsa mavuto m'munda wa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe ndi maphunziro. Mu zigawo yoyenda yokha analengedwa ndi maiko otukuka, mphamvu za matupi chapamwamba cha mphamvu ya boma ndi n'zochepa kwambiri.

Kudziyimira pawokha limati unitary

Pali mitundu yambiri yaikulu ya kachitidwe dziko ndale - chitaganya, chitaganya ndi boma unitary. M'mbuyomu kuli kudziyimira pawokha, monga akatswiri ena andale, kungavute ndi kupanda demarcation wa malire utsogoleri. Komabe, maziko kupereka m'madera ena mphamvu zina zikhoza kukhala, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa nzika okhala kumeneko. Ntchito yaikulu ya boma kulenga kudziyimira pawokha ngati - kupereka akutukuka mu chilengedwe chawo bwino chikhalidwe, kulankhula chinenero, kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi miyambo dziko. Pali ambiri unitary limati, kumene bwinobwino akuyendera mfundo za wodzilamulira a mafuko a China, Spain, France, Finland, Northern Ireland, Italy, Azerbaijan.

autonomies kubadwa mu Russia

Administrative ndi ndale dongosolo la Russia zamakono amapereka osiyanasiyana mokwanira lalikulu la mphamvu mbali yaikulu ya nkhani boma (kuwapanga zoona, kudziyimira pawokha). Zoyesayesa loyamba kulenga ngati mayunitsi Kupititsa m'dziko lathu akhala ntchito yomweyo pambuyo 1917. Mawu akuti 'dziko Kupititsa kudziyimira pawokha ". chodabwitsa Izi anazindikira kuti njira wodzilamulira mu mbali ya dziko, kumene kunali wapadera mitundu zikuchokera anthu, amene ali osiyana ndi mitundu ina, zikhalidwe, mfundo za makhalidwe a moyo, chinenero.

Panali ntchito kuti anasonyeza mchaka cha autonomies dziko mphamvu kwambiri lonse mu boma boma (Mwachitsanzo, anthu a m'dera Volga kapena ntchito ya Republic Chuvash). Koma pamapeto akuluakulu asankha kukhala akamagwiritsa ndi wamupempha mayiko osiyanasiyana zizindikiro Russia a ufulu, sizikutanthauza zonse boma ulamuliro.