Kodi yosungirako mphamvu

Nature anapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mphamvu: dzuwa, mphepo, mitsinje ndi ena. The sangathe wa magudumu awa ufulu mphamvu ndi kupanda bata. Choncho, pa nthawi imene mphamvu owonjezera amasungidwa yosungirako ake ndi kunyeketsa pa nthawi imene kuchepa zosakhalitsa. yosungirako mphamvu amakhala ndi magawo zotsatirazi:

• kuchuluka mphamvu kusungidwa;
• mlingo wake wa kudzikundikira, ndiponso momwe anthu;
• yeniyeni yokoka;
• yosungirako mphamvu nthawi;
• kudalirika;
• kupanga ndi yokonza ndalama, ndipo ena.

Njira systematization abulusa ambiri. Mmodzi wa yabwino kwambiri ndi gulu la mtundu wa mphamvu ntchito yosungiramo, ndi njira kwa yosungirako ake ndi kubwerera. zipangizo yosungirako mphamvu anawagawa zotsatirazi mitundu ikuluikulu:

• mawotchi;
• matenthedwe;
• magetsi;
• mankhwala.

Kudzikundikira mphamvu kuthekera

Akamanena za zipangizozi wopepuka. Pamene akukweza katundu kudzikundikira mphamvu kuthekera, amachita ntchito zothandiza pamene kutsitsa izo. Kapangidwe amadalira mtundu wa katundu. Izo zikhoza kukhala olimba, madzi kapena particulate mankhwala. Childs, kamangidwe ka mtundu wa zamakono zili yosavuta, choncho kudalirika mkulu ndi moyo wautali utumiki. kusungidwa yosungirako mphamvu nthawi zimadalira durability zipangizo ndi angafikire zikwi. Mwatsoka, makina onga ndi zochepa mphamvu mphamvu.

abulusa makina kayendedwe mphamvu

Mu zipangizozi, mphamvu kusungidwa mu kayendedwe ka thupi. Kawirikawiri ndi zokhala kapena reciprocating kuyenda.

The mphamvu kayendedwe mu kachitidwe zokhala ndi anaikira mu reciprocating zoyenda za thupi. Mphamvu umaperekedwa n'kunyeketsa mu zigawo, nthawi ndi kayendedwe ka thupi. limagwirira ndi m'malo ovuta capricious pokhazikitsa. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulonda makina. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kusungidwa ndi zambiri kakang'ono ndipo ndi yabwino kokha chifukwa ntchito chipangizo.

Abulusa ntchito mphamvu gyroscope

M'bado wa mphamvu kayendedwe ndi anaikira mu flywheel onsewo. Specific flywheel mphamvu ndi wamkulu kuposa mphamvu zofanana ndi katundu malo amodzi. N'zotheka mu nthawi yochepa ndi analandira kapena mphamvu zazikulu linanena bungwe. yosungirako mphamvu nthawi ndi zazing'ono, ndipo ambiri machenjerero ndi zochepa maola ochepa. umisiri wamakono kulola kubweretsa nthawi yosungirako mphamvu kwa miyezi ingapo. Flywheels ali tcheru kwambiri zodabwitsa. The chipangizo mphamvu ndi zogwirizana mwachindunji kwa liwiro kasinthasintha ake. Choncho, mu yosungirako mphamvu ndi kusintha kubwerera amapezeka flywheel liwiro. katundu A kumafunika nthawi zonse, otsika liwiro.

zipangizo More zingamuthandize ali supermahovik. Amachita la tepi zitsulo, CHIKWANGWANI kupanga kapena waya. Kapangidwe akhale olimba kapena ndi malo opanda kanthu. Ngati danga windings kupezeka kwa tepi Londolani periphery wa kasinthasintha inertia mphindi flywheel ndi anasintha, gawo la mphamvu kusungidwa mu kasupe pansi mapindikidwe. Mu zipangizo zimenezi, liwiro kasinthasintha ndi wolimba kuposa nyumba tselnotelyh, ndi mowa awo mphamvu ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Komanso, iwo ali otetezeka.

Modern supermahovik anapanga ulusi moto wambiri. Iwo atembenuza mu chipinda zingalowe ndi kuyimitsidwa maginito. Iwo amatha kusunga mphamvu kwa miyezi ingapo.

Amayendetsa makina pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotanuka

Mtundu wa chipangizo amatha kusunga lingamutsatire mphamvu osalimba. Kuchokera pagalimoto makina iwo ali apamwamba mphamvu zili zipangizo ndi miyeso ya masentimita angapo. flywheels Chachikulu ndi liwiro wapatali wa kasinthasintha ndi mowa mphamvu apamwamba kwambiri, koma iwo ali pachiopsezo kwambiri ku zinthu zina, ndi nthawi pang'ono kusunga mphamvu.

Amayendetsa makina ntchito masika mphamvu

Ankatha kupereka wamkulu mawotchi mphamvu magulu onse yosungirako mphamvu. Ndi malire ndi mphamvu malire masika. Mphamvu mu wothinikizidwa kasupe akhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka zingapo. Komabe, chifukwa mapindikidwe lachikhalire kutopa zitsulo amasonkhana ndi amachepetsa mphamvu ya masika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, apamwamba masika zitsulo, nkhani za mikhalidwe opaleshoni akhoza ntchito kwa zaka mazana popanda imfa appreciable mu mphamvu.

masika ntchito sangathe kuchita zinthu aliyense zotanuka. Mphira magulu, mwachitsanzo, kakhumi kuposa mankhwala zitsulo za kusungidwa mphamvu pa wagawo misa. Koma akuti utumiki mphira chifukwa mankhwala ukalamba ndi zaka zochepa.

Mawotchi abulusa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mpweya wothinikizidwa

Mu mtundu uwu wa zipangizo yosungirako mphamvu ndi chifukwa psinjika mpweya. Mu pamaso pa owonjezera mphamvu ndi kompresa mpweya wamphamvu ndi jekeseni zibaluni lapansi. Ngati kuli kofunika, mpweya wothinikizidwa ntchito kuyendetsa chopangira mphamvu kapena jenereta. Pa mphamvu otsika chopangira mphamvu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa injini pisitoni. The mafuta kuthamanga chotengera cha mazana atmospheres ali mkulu enieni kachulukidwe mphamvu kwa zaka zingapo, ndi pamaso kuli nthambi apamwamba - ndi makumi a zaka.

Kudzikundikira mphamvu matenthedwe

Ambiri a m'dera la dziko lathu lili mu madera kumpoto, kotero mbali yaikulu ya mphamvu chimadyedwa Kutentha internally. Pa nkhani imeneyi nthawi zambiri vuto la kusunga otentha mu galimoto ndi kuchotsa izo kuchokera kumeneko ngati n'koyenera.

Nthawi zambiri, simungathe inu kuchita ndi osalimba mkulu wa mphamvu kusungidwa ikukhudzana ndipo aliyense mawu kwambiri anapulumukira ake. Pali chipangizo champhamvu zingapo zochititsa ake ndi kukwera mtengo sali oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Kudzikundikira likuvutika mphamvu kutentha

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njira yakale. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo ikukhudzana mphamvu yosungirako zinthu pamene mkangano ndi kubwerera kutentha pa kuzirala ake. Kamangidwe ka abulusa izi n'zosavuta kwambiri. Akhale chidutswa chilichonse olimba kapena chidebe chatsekedwa ndi coolant madzi. matenthedwe masitolo mphamvu ndi moyo wautali kwambiri, pafupifupi malire chiwerengero yosungirako mphamvu ndi kubwerera m'zinthu. Koma nthawi yosungirako alibe upambana masiku angapo.

Kudzikundikira mphamvu ya magetsi

mphamvu magetsi - ichi ndi mawonekedwe yabwino kwambiri za izo mu dziko masiku ano. N'chifukwa chake abulusa magetsi ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi ambiri otukuka. Mwatsoka, wotchipa zipangizo capacitance yeniyeni ndi ang'ono, ndi zipangizo ndi mphamvu mkulu imodzi ya mtengo ndi sakhalitsa. Kusunga mphamvu ngati zamagetsi - ndi capacitors, supercapacitors batire.

capacitors

Ndi mtundu wotchuka yosungirako mphamvu. Capacitors angathe zikugwira ntchito pa kutentha madigiri kwa -50 kuti +150. Chiwerengero cha mphamvu yosungirako-angadzachite mkombero - makumi mabiliyoni pa mphindi. Polumikiza capacitors angapo mu kufanana, inu n'zosavuta chofunika mphamvu phindu. Komanso, pali capacitors variable. Kusintha capacitance wa capacitors akhoza anapanga umakaniko kapena electrically, kapena chikoka cha kutentha. Nthawi zambiri capacitors variable angapezeke mu dera resonant.

Capacitors anawagawa m'magulu awiri - ndi kumalo ozizira ndipo sanali kumalo ozizira. Pano kumalo ozizira (electrolytic) zosakwana nonpolar, iwo amadalira kwambiri pa zinthu zakunja koma nthawi yomweyo ndi capacitance apamwamba yeniyeni.

Monga yosungirako mphamvu capacitors - zida si bwino. Iwo ndi mphamvu zazing'ono ndi osalimba yaing'ono imodzi ya mphamvu kusungidwa ndi kusunga ake nthawi amayezedwa masekondi, Mphindi, maola kawirikawiri. Capacitors apeza ntchito makamaka mu mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

Mawerengedwe a capacitor, monga ulamuliro, sayambitsa mavuto. Zonse zofunika pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya capacitors operekedwa mu mabukhu luso.

ionistory

zipangizozi zatenga udindo wapakatikati pakati pa capacitors ndi mabatire kumalo ozizira. "Supercapacitors" limatchedwa. Choncho, iwo ndi nambala yaikulu siteji mlandu-kumaliseche, mphamvu ndi woposa wa capacitor, koma pang'ono poyerekeza wa mabatire yaing'ono. mphamvu yosungirako nthawi - kwa masabata angapo. Ionistory tcheru kwambiri kutentha.

mabatire mphamvu

mabatire Electrochemical ntchito ngati mukufuna kusunga mphamvu zambiri. Ndi bwino yoti cholinga ichi zipangizo kutsogolera-acid. Iwo anatulukira pafupi zaka 150 zapitazo. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, mu chipangizo batire wosatenga chilichonse chatsopano. Panali kwambiri zitsanzo apadera, mtundu wa zigawo zikuluzikulu, bwino batire kudalirika ali kwambiri kuchuluka. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti batire chipangizo, analengedwa ndi opanga osiyana zolinga zosiyana amasiyana okha mfundo zazing'ono.

mabatire Electrochemical anawagawira mu samatha ndi poyambira. Samatha ntchito zoyendera magetsi, katundu uninterruptible mphamvu, magwero mphamvu. Pakuti mabatire amenewa yodziwika ndi kumaliseche yaitali ndi yunifolomu ya kuya ikuluikulu. Kuyambira mabatire angapereke panopa mkulu mu nthawi yaifupi, koma kumaliseche kwambiri iwo zosavomerezeka.

mabatire Electrochemical ndi owerengeka m'zinthu mlandu-kumaliseche, pafupifupi kuyambira 250 2000. Ngakhale ntchito amalephera pambuyo zaka zingapo. mabatire Electrochemical amazindikira kutentha, imafunika nthawi yaitali nawuza ndi mwambo okhwima malamulo a ntchito.

chipangizo ayenera recharged nthawi. Mlandu batire waikidwa pa galimoto, chifukwa amapangidwa mu jenereta galimoto. M'nyengo yozizira, izi sikokwanira, batire ozizira zoipa amatenga mtengo, ndi kumwa mphamvu pa chiyambi cha kuwonjezeka engine. Choncho n'kofunika kuchita zina batiri mu ofunda chipinda naupereka wapadera. Chimodzi mwa zovuta akuluakulu a mayunitsi kutsogolera-asidi ndi kulemera kwakukulu.

Mabatire kwa zipangizo otsika mphamvu

Ngati chofunika mafoni zipangizo zolemera yaing'ono, anasankha zotsatirazi mitundu ya mabatire rechargeable ndi faifi tambala-cadmium, lifiyamu ion, zitsulo hybrid, polima-amaayoni. Ali ndi mphamvu apamwamba zenizeni, koma mtengo ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Iwo ntchito mafoni, Malaputopu, makamera ndi zipangizo zina zazing'ono. losiyanasiyana mabatire amasiyana magawo awo: chiwerengero cha m'zinthu mlandu, moyo alumali, mphamvu, kukula, etc ...

mabatire lifiyamu-ion ntchito mkulu-mphamvu ya magetsi ndi magalimoto wosakanizidwa. Iwo ali wopepuka, mkulu enieni capacitance ndi mkulu kudalirika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, lifiyamu-ion mabatire amapatsa inflammable. Poyatsira angayambe ndi yochepa circuiting, mapindikidwe makina kapena chiwonongeko cha thupi, matenda a mode mlandu kapena batire kumaliseche. M'malo ovuta kuzimitsa moto chifukwa cha zinthu mkulu wa lifiyamu.

Mabatire ndi maziko zipangizo zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yosungirako kwa foni - yaying'ono kunja batire paketi, kuyikidwa mu wolimba, madzi. Iwo amalola kuti mlandu kapena mphamvu foni. Wamphamvu mphamvu yosungirako mafoni zipangizo amatha mlandu makamera onse digito, ngakhale Malaputopu. Mu zipangizo zimenezi, akanema, amangoona lifiyamu ion mabatire mphamvu yaikulu. yosungirako mphamvu kunyumba ngakhale popanda mabatire. Koma ndi zipangizo zambiri zovuta. Komanso batiri zikuchokera awo chikuphatikizapo naupereka batire, dongosolo ulamuliro, ndi inverter. Zipangizo ungatithandizire ngati maukonde okhazikika, komanso ndi zinthu zina. Mphamvu linanena bungwe pakati 5 kW.

Aggregators mankhwala mphamvu

Kusiyanitsa "mafuta" ndi "popanda mafuta" mitundu ya abulusa. Iwo amafuna njira yapadera komanso zida zambiri wolemera zamakono. Ntchito njira amalola kulandira mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Zimene thermochemical akhoza kutenga malo onse pa otsika ndi nthawi kutentha. Zigawo kuti zochita mkulu-kutentha umayamba pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera kuti alandire mphamvu. Lisanaperekedwe, iwo zasungidwa mosiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zigawo kuti zochita otsika kutentha amakhala mu chotengera limodzi.

yosungirako mphamvu nthawi mafuta opaleshoni

Njira awiri magawo palokha kwathunthu: mphamvu yosungirako ( "nawuza") ndi ntchito zake ( "zimatulutsa"). mafuta Traditional zambiri ali mkulu enieni mphamvu mphamvu, n'zotheka yosungirako yaitali, chomasuka ntchito. Koma moyo alibe kuima. Mawu oyamba a umisiri amaika zofuna mkulu mafuta. Vutolo anathana ndi kuwongolera alipo ndi kulenga utsi latsopano, mkulu-mphamvu.

Lonse oyamba a zanyengo latsopano adamuwumiriza ndi kupanda njira zamakono, zinyalala, lalikulu zowopseza moto ndi kuphulika ntchito, kufunika ogwira kwambiri oyenerera, kukwera mtengo kwa sayansi.

Popanda mafuta kusunga mankhwala mphamvu

Mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu pagalimoto awasungira kudzera kutembenuka kwa ena mankhwala zinthu mu zina. Mwachitsanzo, slaked laimu pa Kutentha amakhala quicklime boma. Pamene 'atamasulidwa "mphamvu kusungidwa adzamasulidwa monga kutentha ndi mpweya. Ndicho chimene chimachitika pamene laimu slaking madzi. Kuyamba anachita, kawirikawiri zokwanira kulumikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kwenikweni, mtundu wa anachita thermochemical zichitika pa kutentha masauzande madigiri. Choncho, zipangizo ntchito zambiri zovuta ndi mtengo.