Kodi ndi mu mlengalenga. Kuchokera pa zimene mpweya limapangidwa mpweya

dziko lathu zimatetezedwa ndi chipolopolo chodabwitsa - mlengalenga. Iwo chindiletsa dontho mu matupi dziko ndipo dziko ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za moyo wa munthu. Kodi ndi mu mlengalenga, ndipo chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kuti nyama ndi zomera kuti padziko Lapansi? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi ena angapezeke m'nkhani ino.

Kodi dongosolo ndi mlengalenga?

Air chipolopolo Earth tichipeza zigawo zingapo, zimene Mbali chosiyana.

• The troposphere. Izi ndi wandiweyani kwambiri ndi wosanjikiza m'munsi ya mpweya. Mu iwo anaikira 80% mpweya. wochindikala imasiyana malingana malo: pafupi ndi equator ndi lalikulu kuposa pa mitengoyo. Pamene nyengo, chifunga ndi mitambo anapanga. The makulidwe pazipita troposphere ndi makilomita 17.
• Stratosphere. Mu wosanjikiza imeneyi, yomwe ili okwera 50 kukafika siziri zoona, osati troposphere, ndi kusintha kutentha ndi kutalika - izo kukacha. Apa, ozoni ndi lili ndi osachepera kuchuluka kwa tinthu madzi. Mu stratosphere ozoni aumbike pamalo okwera makilomita 20.
• The mesosphere. Apa, ndipamene mitambo yomwe wapangidwa ndi timibulu ayezi, ndi kuchepa mu mpweya osalimba. Mesosphere ndi pa mtunda wa makilomita 80-85 pamwamba pansi ndipo ali ndi kutentha 90 madigiri opanda Celsius.
• Thermosphere. Apa, chifukwa cha kugunda kwa particles mpweya ndi danga pali chowala wapadera, wotchedwa "Aurora". wosanjikiza uyu ali ndi kutentha pazipita mu mlengalenga - kuphatikiza madigiri 1500 Celsius.
• Exosphere. Munthu wotere okwera makilomita 20,000 ndipo ali ndi dzina lachiwiri "Korona wa Dziko Lapansi" chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akakufunsani za malire ake.

Kuyambira katundu ndi mpweya?

Tikumbukenso kuti chikhalidwe cha dziko unapangidwa kalekale. Koma mu nthawi ya achinyamata a dziko lathu, iyo sinali makamaka mankhwala zinyalala chiphala. Only ndi kufala kwa zomera anakhala mpweya woyamba apindula ndi mpweya, kupanga izo oyenera anthu kupuma. Ambiri a mapulaneti wa System Dzuwa ndi atmospheres. Koma zikuchokera kuti ndi oyenera moyo wa munthu ndi nyama athu okha. Panopa gawo lalikulu la m'mlengalenga mpweya akupanga mpweya ziwiri: asafe ndi oxygen. Chiwerengero zili zinthu izi chiri motere: 78:21. Atadziwa kumene mpweya zikuphatikizapo mpweya, ndi n'kofunika mwachindunji zikuchokera gawo limodzi, zimene zatsalira pambuyo Kuchotsera kuchuluka kwa mpweya tikambirane 100%. Mu mlengalenga, pamodzi ndi asafe ndi mpweya, muli mpweya wa hydrogen, mipweya inert, nthunzi ya madzi ndi zosafunika ena. Mpweya ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za moyo wa anthu ndi nyama, koma mpweya m'pofunika zomera.

Kodi mpweya, madzi?

Pamodzi ndi mpweya mlengalenga ndipo ali ndi nthunzi ya madzi, amene, malinga kumwamba kungakhale mu mawonekedwe a mibulu. The zili thunthu mu mlengalenga akamaziwononga kumabweretsa mapangidwe a chifunga ndi mitambo. Kuchuluka okwana madzi mumlengalenga padziko lathuli ndi 14,000 makilomita kiyubiki. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kulemera kwa mpweya amadalira kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi uli m'bukuli. The zambiri, ndi bwino mpweya, monga mpweya yolemera kuposa iwo.

Kodi Mankhwala oipitsa akhale mpweya wa m'mizinda ikuluikulu?

mpweya wonunkha m'mlengalenga pa kuyaka wa malasha, mafuta, mankhwala ndi mapulasitiki. Chifukwa cha kufala kwa msewu, njanji ndi modes ena zoyendera, komanso ntchito za mabizinezi mafakitale mpweya ndi wowonongedwa ndi nkhani yachilendo. Kodi ndi mu mlengalenga mu mzinda waukulu? Osati kuchokera zinthu monga mpweya, mpweya ndi asafe, komanso mpweya monoxide, methane, ndi woipa sulfure, amene umawononga chosachiritsika biosphere lapansi.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mpweya adzakhala ali oposa 3% carbon dioxide, zimenezi zikhoza imfa ya thupi, monga ponseponse a 0,03%. A wambirimbiri utsi, mpweya ndi mwaye ali mpweya wowonongeka amatchedwa "chifunga". Iye unakhala m'madera ambiri mafakitale ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu mu dziko.

Kodi kupanga asidi mvula?

Mapangidwe madipoziti izi zingathe kufotokozedwa kudziwa kapangidwe ka zikuchokera m'mlengalenga. ndi tinthu chiyani ndi mpweya? Ndi mpweya ndi nthunzi kusakaniza. Lili molekyulu wa madzi ndi zinthu zina. Pamene anamasulidwa ku zosafunika m'mlengalenga maatomu a zigawo zikuluzikulu zimenezi pamodzi ndi madzi asanduke asidi ndi kugwa pansi. mvula amenewa, mavuto aakulu kwa zomera, zinyama ndi anthu, ndipo weniweni zachilengedwe tsoka.

Mpweya umene Kodi ndi nanga uli kuti?

Izo zinabala mu stratosphere ndi, mtunda wa makilomita 20 kuchokera Earth. Ozoni amateteza biosphere kwa dziko lathu ku cheza zoipa ultraviolet. Komanso neutralizes zinthu zambiri zoipa ndi mabakiteriya. Chomwe izo ziri mu mpweya wosanjikiza Mpweya umene? Lili yogwira mpweya umene umatulutsa kukha magetsi kapena dzuwa maselo. Lumikizanani ndi mpweya wa methane, chlorine, bromine ndi okusayidi asafe ali mpweya ndi refrigeration mayunitsi, kuchiwonongeko a wosanjikiza, amene ali mmodzi wa chilengedwe padziko lonse mavuto chitukuko.

Kodi ndi mu mlengalenga?

The zikuchokera mpweya wapatsidwa m'nkhani khalidwe okha wosanjikiza m'munsi ya mpweya wotchedwa "ndi troposphere." The kutali padziko lapansi, kusintha zambiri kumachitika. ndi zikuchokera mpweya m'mwamba chiyani? The kusintha koyamba kudzachitika mu wosanjikiza Mpweya umene - yogwira mpweya akuwonekera. Kenako, pa mtunda wa 1 000 Km pamwamba dziko lapansi ayamba predominance a haidrojini atomiki ndi helium. Popeza kutalika zimasiyanasiyana ndi zoipazi - ndi adatchithisira, monga mpweya umakhala rarefied.

Kuti mpweya mlengalenga?

Koyipitsitsa zinthu zachilengedwe m'derali, zazikulu zinthu zachilendo ali mlengalenga, woopsa kwambiri ndi moyo ndi nyama anthu. Ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko, kungasokoneze mpweya envelopu a Dziko Lapansi chikupezeka chochuluka zedi. Industrial zomera, msewu ndipo njanji zoyendera zabwino nzeru cholengedwa (mpweya, zida yozizira, etc ..) zodetsa afotokoze, imbaenda ku kuchepa ozoni, chifunga ndi asidi mvula.

Masiku ano, pa zokonda dziko zapatsidwa kwa zachilengedwe wochezeka luso ndi zoyendera, koma kusintha zonse kupanga ngati kungafune wina kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi chuma ndalama, ndipo lidzakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali.

Pomaliza

More zaka 30 zapitazo, ife anadabwa kumva kuti m'mayiko Western kugulitsa madzi yosavuta waikidwa. Today, aliyense wokhala mumzinda waukulu, kapena zochepa kusamalira thanzi lanu, sindidzamwako zimene umayenda kuchokera mpopi mu nyumba yathu. Purchase madzi kuti athetse ludzu lawo ndi kuphika wakhala ponseponse.

M'mizinda ikuluikulu mu China anayamba kugulitsa mpweya wabwino mu ndowa. Ndipo kale kuti mfundo zimenezi anatchula yekha mu nkhani yopeka. Kuti kumene mpweya uli lero amadalira aliyense wochokera kufumbi. Aliyense akhoza kuchita zambiri za chilengedwe ndi kuchita malamulo yosavuta tsiku lililonse: sasamba galimoto mu matupi wachibadwa wa madzi, mu nthawi kuzimitsa moto, kusuta fodya, kuyamba kuwotcha zinyalala ndi masamba m'madera mwapadera yoikidwiratu, etc. Pakuti ife ndikofunika kudziwa mmene mpweya. adzakhala kukoka dziko ana athu! Ndipo kupuma ...