Kodi mphatso za Amagi? Kodi mphatso za Amagi? Zotsalira za Amagi. Amagi - izo ...

King James Malemba kutengerapo, makamaka Chipangano Chatsopano anayambitsanso chisokonezo za "magus" yaitali. Pa dzanja limodzi, tikulankhula za anthu amene adafika kwa akhanda Yesu Khristu. Iwo zatchulidwa mu Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyo (lomweli chachiwiri.), Ndithu, iwo ndi zilembo zabwino. Komano, mu "Machitidwe", mu mutu wachisanu ndi chitatu limafotokoza Simoni, amene anali nawo pa matsenga. Powona kuti kuphatikizidwa wa Mzimu Woyera limathandiza munthu kuchita zozizwitsa zazikulu, iye anapereka ndalamazo kwa atumwi, kuwafunsa kuti kugulitsa mphatso. Kuyambira pamenepo, malonda ali Mpingo chisimoni. Choncho, Magus, otchulidwa "Machitidwe" - ndi warlock, kuti achititse yekha ngati munthu wamkulu. Mwachidule, quack. Ndiye kodi "anthu anzeru", chomwe ndi etymology mawu?

Lemba ndi Mwambo wa Mpingo

Tiyeni choyamba kulongosola zovuta cha kusinthika. Ngati tiyang'ana pa Mauthenga pachiyambi, zinalembedwa Greek, akutchula Mateyu magov, «amuna anzeru" - ali anzeru, openda, omasulira maloto, ansembe. kumasulira Chiheberi nchaukali: izo anyanga, diviners. Chigiriki ndi Ayuda kutanthauzira kugwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi: munthu amene adafika kwa Child, sanali mlendo matsenga ndi nyenyezi. Choncho, ndipo anawatsogolera nyenyezi anaonekera kummawa. Mu Uthenga silikukambapo za chiwerengero chenicheni cha nthumwi kapena mayina awo. deta onsewa ikukhudzana bwanji ndi mwambo Church, choncho akhoza kufunsidwa. Koma maula Simon mageu / yakumadzulo amadziwikanso likumasuliridwa kuti "dzanja crafting", "vorozhenie", "spellcasting." Mukumverera kusiyana: a anzeru ndi mfiti? Tiyeni tiwone chimene icho wabweretsa nkhani ya Amagi kulambira mwambo wa Mpingo.

Nkhani ya Mateyu

Mlaliki wokongola woumira zambiri. Herode anafika "Anzeru a kum'mawa" ndipo anafunsa, "Kodi mfumu ya Ayuda, pakuti taona nyenyezi yace" pamene anamva za odana zotheka, Herode okondwa. Iye anasonkhana bungwe la podziwa Toru Knizhnikov ndi anamatetule wowerengeka kuti ananena kwa iye pa malo enieni a kubadwa kwa Child. Iwo ankaphunzira mabuku ndi aneneri ananena kwa Betelehemu. Pali ndipo anapita kwa amatsenga a. Iwo adatewera nyenyezi napeza mwana wosabadwayo mu khola ndi mayi ake. Iwo amulambira iwo ndi kupita naye kwa Yesu Khristu, Mwana wa Mulungu, amene anadza ku dziko lino, lubani, golide ndi mule. Kukhala mngelo adacheuza m'maloto, iwo sanabwerere kwa Herode, nalowa m'dziko lawo ndi msewu wina. Zonse, mapeto a nkhani. N'chifukwa chiyani za anthu awa amatchulidwa yekha mu Mateyu ndi kwina? akatswiri a Baibulo amanena kuti uthenga wa walangizidwa pa Ayuda Ufumu wa Roma. Iwo umatchulidwa kwambiri aneneri, ndi wonse woyamba mutu khama mbadwo wa Yesu, ngakhale Akhristu onse adziwe kuti iye - mwana wa Mulungu wamoyo, ndi Yosefe ku banja la Davide sikuthandiza. Mateyu "East Amagi" - akatswiri a m'Malemba omwe mopitirira ndi kayendedwe ka nyenyezi, pamene Mesiya adzabweranso padziko lapansili Ayuda.

Wokongola Khirisimasi nthano

mwambo Mkhristu rethought nthano Ayuda za kubwera kwa Mfumu ya Israyeli. Choyamba, Mpingo anavomereza kuti panali amuna anzeru atatu, ndi nambala ya mphatso. Komanso, anaganiza kuti Amagi - mbali zitatu za dziko, amene anasiya chikunja ndi kutenga muuni wa chikhulupiriro chatsopano. Ngakhale kuti Mateyu otchulidwa amatsenga ku East (Persia, Mesopotamia), mwambo European litsimikizira kuti, pamodzi ndi Asia Infant yoweramitsidwa wakuda Africa ndi Europe. Amagwiritsidwanso amaganiza kuti nkhani ya chikhulupiriro chatsopano, anthu a mibadwo yonse. Pa zojambula zambiri zosonyeza molemekeza Amagi, iye amayang'ana anyamata African, ndi European - wazaka zapakati mwamuna ndi Asian (nthawizina ankafotokozedwa wokhala mwa Near East), imvi wachikulire. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi Mwambo Woyera wa Mpingo lenilenilo, limene m'nthawi ya chitatu, anaganiza kuti anzeru anali mafumu. Mmodzi anali Arabia, wachiwiri - Persia, ndi wachitatu - India.

Asilavo mwambo wa zithunzi kubadwa kwa Yesu kutseka kwa nkhani za m'Baibulo. Ena otchulidwa kuti poluhristianskogo poluyazycheskogo-ayipanga wowerengeka pageant chosiyana chikhalidwe (Hell, Imfa, Ayuda), ndi ena kuonetsa nkhani ya Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu (Herode, asilikali, kuimira asilikali achifumu, mngelo). Nthawi zina kanthu onse akuwoneka kuti penapake politicized (osachepera kukumbukira kubadwa kwa Yesu zinachitika pa Maidan mu 2014), koma nthawi zonse mokondwera ndi osangalala ndi zotsatira za. Pakati zisudzo ndi zonse azipereka Amagi m'Baibulo, lomwe amaimira amuna anzeru amene akondwera nawo.

miyambo kuwalambira

Chikondwerero cha Khirisimasi Ulaya ndi ife, kum'mawa Asilavo, osiyana osati nthawi (December twente-faifi, ndi chiwiri wa January), komanso mwambo. Mwambo wa Roma Katolika saiwala za chilemekezo amagi, amene anadzatchedwa "mafumu". Choncho, atatu munthu wamba anabwera zimaimira anthu a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, amene Chikristu. Ndinafika ndi Mpingo ndi mayina a Amagi amene anabwera kwa Yesu. Iwo Balthazar (African mnyamata), Melchior (European amphamvu wake) ndi Caspar kapena Gaspar (Asian okalamba). M'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya, anthu kukumbukira masiku loyamba m'chaka atchulidwa atatu ndi kuyesa recreate Uthenga nkhani ya kubwera kwa Amagi.

anatchulidwa mwapadera ayenera kukhala, mmene kukondwerera tsiku la Atatu Mafumu ku Spain. M'mizinda yonse ndi m'midzi ya dziko laling'ono kapena lalikulu parades msewu. Melchior, Caspar ndi Balthasar, atazunguliridwa ndi retinue lalikulu, atakwera, analandira khamu ndi amapatsa ake ndi maswiti. Pa tsiku limeneli anthu kupanga mphatso kwa ana onse, makamaka wamng'ono. Khirisimasi Amagi amazilambira ndi sikelo wapadera mu Germany. Ndipo zimenezi si zodabwitsa - pambuyo zotsalira onse anzeru atatu, limatitsimikizira Mpingo zina kansa mu Cologne Cathedral. Koma njira zimenezi ndizo ana. Iwo amapita kunyumba ndi nyumba, ndi kulikonse komwe mowolowa manja maswiti. Ndipo chifukwa cha ang'ono-ofuna kujambula choko pa khomo jamb zilembo zachinsinsi «B + C + M», kuwonjezera mawu akuti kusonyeza chaka. eni sasamba kwa zaka zambiri, pamene pa pakhomo adzatsala malo kuchereza alendo. Pambuyo zolemba akusonyeza kuti Balthasar, Caspar ndi Melchior anapita pansi pa ntsoyi ya nyumba ndipo anakumana apa olandiridwa kwambiri Muzikhala bwino. Kodi kunyumba analandira madalitso a oyera.

Mphatso ya Amagi - ndichiyani?

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zimene anabweretsa anthu anzeru (kapena, ngati iwo ali amatchedwanso, mafumu kapena amagi) Baby Yesu Khristu. St Mateyu zikusonyeza zimene anali mphatso: Choyamba, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ngati golide, ndipo kachiwiri, resins zonunkhira - libano ndi mure. Zikuonekeratu kuti mphatso zonse zitatu ndi tanthauzo. Apo ayi, izo zimakhala bwinobwino chifukwa mwana wakhanda zonse muyenera. mphatso mtengo Amagi monga anafotokoza mu Mpingo Mwambo. Malinga ndi iye, golide ndi chizindikiro cha ulemerero yachifumu. Mateyu chete pa fomu imene Amagi anapereka chitsulo chabwinocho - mu zitsulo, mu mawonekedwe a ndalama kapena zinthu zina. Koma Khristu - mfumu yakumwamba ya olamulira onse a dziko lapansi, ndi kuti mfundo imeneyi angafune kuona amuna anzeru ku East.

Chabwino, lubani ndi mule - mphatso zina za Amagi? Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? utomoni onunkhira kufukiza akadali akachisi achikunja. Ikuimira anthu a nthawi inatchulidwa ndi kununkhira kwa chinachake Mulungu, osati wa dziko lino. Kupereka zofukiza Yesu Khristu, Amagi momveka bwino kuti Iye anazindikira osati monga Mfumu ya Ulemerero, komanso ngati Mwana wa Mulungu wamoyo. Mu Ethiopia ndi Arabia mitengo kukula, makungwa ndi utomoni amene pambuyo chithandizo choyenerera akusisita ndi zonunkhira. Pamaso kwambiri wa mbewu wotchedwa "benzoin", koma yochokera kwa zofukiza - mule ndi mule. Mu Judeo-Agiriki miyambo ya mankhwala adzoze akufa pamaso m'manda. Iye akhapidziwa kuti amathandiza anthu oyendayenda kudziko lina. mphatso Infant mule zinaimira nsembe m'tsogolo kuti Kristu adzabweretsa anthu.

Kodi chinachitika ku zotsala, ndiye?

Ngakhale kuti ngakhale Mateyu kapena mlaliki wina aliyense silitchula zimene zinachitikira Amagi pambuyo anabwerera kudziko lawo (mu Mesopotamia), Mpingo mwambo sanaganize kuiwala iwo. Kulambira ndi kulemekeza anthu oyera mtima amakhalabe a ofera ndi oyera anaonekera m'zaka za zana lachinayi ndi wotukuka kwambiri mu Ages Middle. Zotsalira kwambiri, ikuluikulu otaya wogonera, motero kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zopereka. Potsatira mfundo imeneyi, Mpingo anayamba kukhala mwambo wa Amagi, ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi iwo. Iwo analengeza kuti anzeru a kum'mawa analandira ubatizo wa St. Thomas ndipo kenako analandira mapeto wofera m'mayiko awo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti posachedwapa panabukanso ndi mphamvu ya Amagi. Iwo anapeza Byzantine Mfumukazi Elena Konstantinopolskaya, monga zimachitikira m'maloto naye.

Bwanji kuti zotsalira za anthu chichokereni ku Betelehemu kum'mawa, mwadzidzidzi mu Byzantine (tsopano Turkey) mzinda Sheva? Mateyu silitchula chimodzimodzi pamene dziko mbadwa ya Amagi atatu, koma umboni uli mu Old Testament. Ulosi wa Yesaya (60: 6) limati: "Onse a iwo adzabwera ku Sheba, ndipo adzakhala kulengeza matamando a Mesiya, mphatso ndi libano, ndi golide." Ndipo mu Masalmo (71:10) olembedwa china: "Mafumu a zilumba ndi farce, Sava ndi Arabia adzabweretsa msonkho kwa iye; ndipo mlambireni Iye anthu onse. " Monga mukuonera, dziko mbadwa ya Zioni (kapena ufumu wa mafumu atatu) ndi kutali Sheba. Koma mwambo wopatulika wapeza njira. Panali nthano kuti mu m'badwo wa zaka zana ndi makumi asanu, aliyense atatu anzeru anakumana mu Sheva, kulemekeza kukumbukira Ambuye wathu. Pali sizipumula mu mtendere. Ndi mafupa a dera Amagi Mkhristu anasunga ndi kuwapereka kwa Constantinople.

Ulendo wa zotsalira za

Mu Constantinople, zotsalira woyera silinakhalitse. Kale m'zaka za m'ma V iwo ankalambira Mediolanum, likulu la Lombard Duchy (ano Milan ku Italy). M'zaka akhumi Mfumu ya Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma, Frederick Barbarossa anagonjetsa dera lino ndipo anabweretsa Mphamvu mu Germany. Anasunga umboni olembedwa kuti zotsalira anali kupatsidwa ndi Bishopu wamkulu wa Cologne, Rainald wa Dassel, amene 1164 anawatulutsa ku Italy, poyamba pa ngolo, ndiyeno zombo Rhine. Akuti pomanga yaitali Gothic tchalitchi anali synitsiirovano chilakolako kulenga olemekezeka "likasa" chifukwa zotsalira osabvunda mafumu atatu. Tsopano zotsalira za Amagi kugona mu reliquaries, amene analenga mmisiri Nikolay Verdensky, mu kachisi wa Cologne Cathedral.

Koma pamene ndinaona Marco Polo, amene anapita mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu Sava - mzinda ili kum'mwera kwa Tehran? Mu Maulendo Ake apaulendo kudamveka kuti anafika atatu ataima pafupi ndi chokongoletsedwa manda a Amagi. thupi poyera analibe konse anakhudzidwa ndi kufutukukako. chochitika ichi Marco Polo makamaka anatsindika. "Monga posachedwapa anamwalira, ndi ndevu ndi tsitsi" Mwatsoka, zotsalira awa a Sava kwathunthu anataya. Ndipo Cologne basi mafupa zasungidwa. Zimaonetsa khamu yekha patali pa mwambo wa "Zitatu Mafumu" (ndi chimodzi January).

Kodi mphatso za Amagi?

Ngati zotsalira za zitatu Amagi zonse ndi osokoneza ndipo N'zokayikitsa kuti mphatso zawo chithunzi zikuwoneka wosavuta. Malinga ndi nthano, yemwe Mayi Wopatulikitsa wa Mulungu anasunga golide, lubani ndi mule, anapereka kwa Mwana wake. Ngakhale pamaso Akukwera iye anapereka mphatso izi kwa anthu a dela la Akhristu ochepa ku Yerusalemu. Pamene atumwi zopita analalikira kwa Amitundu mu dziko lonse, zotsalira anatitumiza ku Constantinople. Chimango iwo anali Hagia Sophia - kachisi wamkulu, ndi chitsanzo cha zomangamanga Byzantine. Koma m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu Turkey analanda Constantinople. Mfumukazi Mara, mwana wamkazi wa Prince Georgiya Brankovicha Serbia ndi akulera ana opeza kwa mgonjetsi Mehmed II, anatenga zotsalira Mkhristu wa Ottoman ndi kuzinyamula kuti Athos. Amafuna kupereka Chimonko zawo, koma mmene iye anali Mayi wa Mulungu, napempha kuti tisasokoneze ndi okhwima kumene kumakhala Amonke malamulo oletsa akazi kukwera phiri lopatulika. Mara anamvera ndipo anadutsa zotsalira mlonda. Pali pogona lero, mu obisika m'dera la St. Paul. Ndipo pamalo pamene Namwali Mariya inamangidwa yopemphereramo.

Mphatso za amuna anzeru atatu ndi unquestionable kwa tiakachisi onse Orthodox. Osati aulendo onse akhoza kudza kwa Greece kuti amalambira zotsalira. Pa Woyera Mountain liletse pa akazi kuyendera mchitidwe umenewu ndi zinyumba. Choncho zotsalira okha kuyenda kwa okhulupirira. Mwachitsanzo, mu December 2013 Athos obisika zovuta kuti m'nyumba mphatso za Amagi, anadalitsa bambo Nikodemo ayende tiakachisi ulendo kudutsa Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine. Anthu amafunsa funso ngati chitsulo m'munsi, yamtengo wapatali, ndi zonunkhira zozizwitsa za machiritso? Ataona zimenezi, mmonke Nikodemo amatanthauza ndime zochokera (Mateyu, Chaputala Naini, Mark - wachisanu ndi Luka - chitatu), kutanthauza kuti mkazi amene anachira, kokha kukhudza m'mphepete mwa zovala Mpulumutsi. Ngati mphamvu ali mikanjo mwachizolowezi nsalu, kodi mphamvu ya emitting zinthu, zomwe kamodzi anakhudza manja a Yesu ndi Mariya chonde?

Kodi mphatso za Amagi akhoza kuona zonse Muscovites ndi alendo. Zotsalira ankazionetsa maholide Khirisimasi kupembedza mu kachisi wa Khristu Mpulumutsiyo. Zinthu zimene mwachindunji ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi wa Ambuye wathu ndi khumi wapatali, kukongoletsa likasa. Iwo twente eyiti golide mbale triangular ndi lalikulu mosiyanasiyana. Aliyense chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa wapadera anapanga ndi filigree. Chidina ndi ulusi siliva, amene ali kuziluka sikisite awiri mikanda lililonse kukula kwa mtengo wa azitona, opangidwa kuchokera chisakanizo cha lubani ndi mule.

Koma okhulupirira Ukraine si kwathunthu amatha kupanga maso awo, mawonekedwe a mphatso za Amagi. Iwo anawatengera ku Kyiv basi mu theka lachiwiri la February chaka chino, pambuyo anapita Belarus. Zotsalira anayikidwa poyera pa Akukwera Cathedral wa Lavra Kiev-Pechersk (a Chiyukireniya Orthodox Church of Moscow Orthodox). Koma m'masiku amenewo anthu Chiyukireniya wangomaliza nawo zochitika kunachitika mu Kiev, choncho si onse anali ndi chidwi mu akachisi ku phiri la Athos.

Zinataika pomasulira

Synodal mawu a New Testament wabweretsa chisokonezo maganizo a Orthodox wamba. Limatchula "Machitidwe" Simoni ndi khalidwe oipa, kupereka ndalama kwa Mzimu Woyera kulenga zozizwa zambiri zoposa wapangidwa matsenga. Nanga n'chifukwa ayenera kutenga amatsenga tione amene kulambira ku Betelehemu? Mawu "vlhv" mu Chisilavo Chakale cha Tchalitchi chilankhulo zikutanthauza wamatsenga, mfiti, mfiti. Ife sitikhala kupita etymology akuti. kaya anachokera ku mawu akuti "tsitsi" kapena "vlesneti" (kulankhula zingaoneke akulingalira) - zilibe kanthu. Tiyeni tione omwe Amagiwo wakale.

Osati m'mayiko athu, komanso ena zigawo zipembedzo zonyenga kulambiridwa "anthu odziwa". Iwo anali wodziwa bwino za mu udzu, wakuda ndi kutsirika, nyenyezi, anatha zam'tsogolo. Zinali Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wapadera wa ansembe amene ankachita pochita miyambo yachipembedzo, ula, ulosi, ndi kuyandikira kwa mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha odwala. Tikhoza kunena kuti mafuko Acelt wa Amagi ankatchedwa Druids. Oimira mtundu uwu Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wauzimu ali ndi malo m'malo okwezeka ndi yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Malangizo awo, komanso maneno anafika Grand Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani (osachepera kukumbukira Veschego Olega kapena Gostomysl). Kodi ndinene! matsenga Services anali ndi ena mwa akalonga mafumu Polovtsian. Bryachislav Izyaslavovich kumbuyo ansembe achikunja chizunzo Yaroslava Mudrogo. Ndipo mwana wake - Vseslav Bryacheslavovich Polotsky - anabadwa kuchokera matsenga a. moyo wake wonse ankavala ngati chithumwa, "chophimba", limene iye anabadwa. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira "Ikani" Vseslav anali werewolf, anali kukongola ndi luso akhoza ndikulingalira.

Ndi umwana Prince Mkhristu Vladimir Asilavo Amagi anali pansi kupondereza. Makamaka achangu Prince wa Kiev Yaroslav Mudry. Mozungulira 1010, iye adaononga kachisi wa Veles. Mu malo ake, kalonga anamanga mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Komanso mu mikono ndi Amagi Gleb Novgorod ndi Yang Vyshatich. Doctor wa zakale Sciences I. Ya Froyanov amakhulupirira kuti nkhondo imeneyi ndi chitsutso mpaka zaka zikhulupiriro zachikunja za anthu Asilavo ndi chipembedzo chatsopano. Ndipotu, Chikristu "ataphwetsedwa yochokera kumwamba", wokhazikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu aboma. magwero olembedwa kutchula mfiti mpaka zaka khumi ndi chitatu-chinayi, makamaka mu Pskov ndi Novgorod. Koma m'kupita mawu "wamatsenga" likamadzakonzedwa. Mu masiku a chipembedzo zipolowe otchedwa monga otsutsa chipembedzo, osokonezeka, anasonyeza kuti gulu la zamatsenga, mgonero ndi ziwanda, evocation kulephera mbewu ndi imfa ya ng'ombe. Mu yamtendere nthawi yomweyo amuna anzeru otchedwa asing'anga, zingawalodze.

akunja amakono ano

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka XX-XXI, pambuyo kunyozetsa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox mu dziko lathu, panali anthu ambiri amene amagwirizana monga Wachiwiri-akunja. amatsenga izi Russia zimayesetsa kulalikira ndi kufalitsa ntchito. Iwo atsogoleri a zipembedzo ndi ansembe a m'madera mwawo chikhulupiriro. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa magazini ndi nyuzipepala mukhoza kuwerenga kwambiri malonda pa amatsenga ndi mkazi wanzeru amene anathira sera, kuchotsa korona wa umbeta ndi zina zotero. Russian Orthodox amaona kalasi ndi anthu, ndi ena sakondweretsa Mulungu chifukwa vorozhenie aliyense ndi matsenga chernoknizhnichestvom. Koma tiyeni wokhululuka. Tikaona magwero a mbiri yakale, komanso kuganizira maganizo otsutsa, ndi mphatso oyera Amagi wakale, amapezeka ndi agulupa paphiri la Athos, zosaposa zopeka. Chifukwa chiyani?

Umboni silitchula mphatso za Amagi monga chidina mpaka m'ma leveni. Mozungulira 1200 Bishopu wamkulu wa ku Novgorod Anthony anapita Constantinople ndi analemba kuti St. Sophia lili zotengera za golide amene "prinesosha Ambuye ndi mphatso ya Amagi." Kutchula koyamba za mtundu lino la golide - monga ife tikudziwira, mbale zagolide - amangonena za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu. Ataphunzira chitsanzo ndi njira ya filigree kuchita iwo, ofufuza afika pozindikira kuti iwo anali kamodzi chokongoletsera chimodzi - lamba chokongoletsedwa ndi maphokoso Byzantine filigree. nthawi ya miyala yamtengo wapatali kupanga - m'ma XV.