Kodi madzi nyundo? Zimayambitsa nyundo madzi mipope

Madzi nyundo mipope ankakakamizidwa uyenderere zikuchitika yomweyo. Dontho kugwirizana ndi kusintha lakuthwa mu mlingo wa madzi. Kenako, timaphunzira zambiri za mmene pali nyundo madzi mipope.

The fallacy zoyambirira

Ankaganiza kuti madzi nyundo chifukwa nadporshnevogo madzi kudzaza danga mu kasinthidwe injini lolingana (reciprocating). Choncho, pisitoni Kodi sangafikire akufa pakati malo ndipo akuyamba psinjika a madzi. Izi, mu zingathandize kuti kuwonongeka engine. Makamaka, kuti fupa lothyoka ndodo kapena kulumikiza ndodo, breakage wa zikhomo mu mutu yamphamvu, zisindikizo misozi.

Gawo

Mogwirizana ndi malangizo a kuthamanga uyenderere madzi nyundo kungakhale:

• Zabwino. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezeka kuthamanga ndi chifukwa mwadzidzidzi pa mpope kapena mipope alipo.
• Wachisoni. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula dontho kuthamanga chifukwa cha khumudwitsidwa kutsegula kapena shutdown mpope.

Malinga ndi funde kafalitsidwe nthawi ndi nthawi valavu alipo (kapena zingwe zina), imene anapanga madzi nyundo mapaipi, ndi anapatukana mu:

• Direct (zonse).
• Mosadziwika (chosakwanira).

Mbali yoyamba chifukwa chimachititsanso yoweyula kutsogolo mbali zosiyana malangizo koyamba madzi. kayendedwe Komanso kudzadalira zinthu payipi, amene zili pamaso pa chipata chatsekedwa. Zikuoneka kuti yoweyula kutsogolo ndidzadutsa mobwerezabwereza patsogolo ndi malangizo m'mbuyo. Otaya tsankho mmene hayidiroliki zikhoza kuyamba kusuntha m'njira ina, koma mwina pochitika kupyola vavu ngati si lotsekedwa mpaka kumapeto.

zotsatira

The owopsa ndi zabwino kuthamanga Kuwonjezereka dongosolo magetsi kapena madzi. Pamene iwe kudumphira kuthamanga kwambiri ingawononge chitoliro. Makamaka, machubu ndi ming'alu kotenga, imbaenda kenako kwa linagawanika wakuswa containment mu valving lapansi. Chifukwa cha zolakwa za izi zikadzayamba kuchitika ndithu kuikira zida: kuzizira kutentha, mapampu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, madzi nyundo n'kofunika kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira zake. Kuthamanga madzi ndi maximized pa braking pamene otaya ndimeyi kudutsa mphamvu kayendedwe mu ntchito ya anatambasula mzere malinga ndi psinjika a ndime madzi.

kafukufuku

Theoretically ndi experimentally anaphunzira chodabwitsa mu 1899 Nikolai Zhukovsky. Ofufuza apeza zimayambitsa nyundo madzi. Chodabwitsa ndi chifukwa chakuti mu ndondomeko ya kutseka mzere limene pali otaya madzi, kapena nthawi yake mofulumira kutseka (inalowa akufa mapeto njira ndi gwero la mphamvu hayidiroliki), aumbike kusintha lakuthwa mu kuthamanga ndi mathamangidwe madzi. Si nthawi imodzi padziko payipi ya. Ngati Pankhaniyi kupanga gawo ena, n'zotheka kudziwa kuti kusintha mlingo amapezeka malangizo ndi ukulu, ndi zoipazi - onse pansi, kuwonjezera wachibale ku chiyambi. Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti pali mzere zokhala ndondomeko. Iwo amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka zodziwitsa ndi kuchepa mu chipsyinjo. Izi ndondomeko lonse ndi osiyana ndi waufupi chifukwa ndi mapindikidwe zotanuka wa madzimadzi palokha ndipo makoma chitoliro. Zhukovski chasonyeza kuti mlingo pa zimene yoweyula kafalitsidwe ndi mwachindunji njila kwa compressibility madzi. Chinanso chofunika kuti ukulu wa mapindikidwe a mpanda chitoliro. Amaonekera ndi modulus wa elasticity zakuthupi. The mathamangidwe yoweyula zimadalira awiri chitoliro. The kulumpha lakuthwa mu kuthamanga akhoza sanalembedwepo pa mzere, wodzazidwa ndi gasi, chifukwa ndi mwachilungamo zovuta kuotcha.

Njira za ndondomeko

Dongosolo batire la kotunga madzi, monga dziko nyumba, mpope downhole akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mzere kuthamanga. Madzi nyundo kumachitika pamene kutha mwadzidzidzi wambiri madzimadzi - pamene valavu alipo. Madzi kutuluka, amapanga gulu mumsewu sangathe kusiya nthawi yomweyo. madzi ndime inertia ngozi m'madzi "akufa mapeto", umene unakhazikitsidwa pamene vavu chatsekedwa. Madzi nyundo kulandirana mu nkhani iyi si kuthandiza. Iwo okha Yankho kulumpha, kudula mpope pambuyo vavu chatsekedwa, ndipo pofuna upambana phindu pazipita. Kutseka monga otaya amasiya madzi si anachita nthawi yomweyo.

zitsanzo

N'zotheka kuganizira ngalande ndi sanasiye kutiuza ndi kayendedwe ka madzi ndi khalidwe mpaka kalekale, mmene valavu chatsekedwa anali mwadzidzidzi kapena mwadzidzidzi oletsedwa valavu. Dongosolo madzi bwino, kawirikawiri mantha hayidiroliki amapezeka choncho kumene n'zosiyana chipata membala ili kuposa malo amodzi madzi (mamita 9 kapena kuposerapo), kapena ikudontha, pamene zotsatirazi nayo vavu kukhala kuthamanga apamwamba. Ndipo kwenikweni, pa milandu onse pali zingalowe tsankho. Mu mpope yotsatira kuyamba kutuluka ndi madzi mkulu mathamangidwe kuti zingalowe m'malo. The madzi collides ndi chatsekedwa vavu nonreturn ndi ikuyenda pa izo, n'zothandiza kuthamanga kulumpha. Chifukwa ndi funde. Izo facilitates osati mapangidwe ming'alu ndi chiwonongeko cha mafupa. Mu chochitika cha kuthamanga kulumpha kapena kuonongeka mpope galimoto (ndi zina zonse zinthu yomweyo). Chotero chodabwitsa ndi angayambe pa volumetric hayidiroliki dongosolo pagalimoto pamene valavu spool ntchito. Pamene spool alipo wina madzi kumaliseche njira ndi njira tafotokozazi.

Akukonda chitetezo

mphamvu mantha kudzadalira mlingo otaya ndi pambuyo pa mzere alipo. The kwambiri kayendedwe, wamkulu kwambiri mukakumana ndi kuletsa mwadzidzidzi. Mlingo wa otaya kudzadalira pa mzere awiri. Ikuluikulu mtanda gawo, chindichepere kayendedwe ka madzi. Kuchokera pamenepa tinganene kuti ntchito mapaipi chachikulu kumachepetsa kuthekera nyundo madzi kapena imafoola izo. Njira ina ndi kuonjezera alipo kutalika chitoliro madzi kapena mpope. Kugwiritsa mwapang'onopang'ono kulowererana chubu ntchito vavu mtundu zungulira zinthu. Makamaka mapampu ntchito akanema wa chiyambi zofewa. Iwo amalola osati kupewa madzi nyundo m'kati kulolerana, komanso kwambiri kumawonjezera moyo utumiki wa mpope.

compensators

A chimake chachitatu cha chitetezo zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo gawo lotetezedwa. Ndi kuwonjezeka Kakhungu chotengera, okhoza "kuzimitsira" chifukwa kuthamanga kukakhala. Hayidiroliki amadza compensators ntchito mfundo zina. Amakhala mu m'zaka kuwonjezeka kuthamanga amapezeka madzimadzi kusuntha pisitoni ndi psinjika wa membala zotanuka (akasupe kapena mpweya). Chifukwa cha ndondomeko mantha adziwonetsa oscillation ndi. Chifukwa madyaidya ndikuledzera mphamvu otsiriza limawola n'kusanduka mwachilungamo mofulumira popanda kuwonjezeka kwambiri kuthamanga. compensator ntchito mu kudzazidwa mzere. Iwo wapatsidwa mpweya wothinikizidwa pa mavuto 0.8-1.0 MPa. Yowerengera wapangidwa pafupifupi, malinga ndi mikhalidwe akuyendetsa mayamwidwe mphamvu ya ndime madzi thanki filler kapena accumulator kuti compensator lapansi.