Kodi mabakiteriya ndiponso udindo wawo chikhalidwe

Padziko mapeto a XIX atumwi, asayansi anayamba kudziunjikira kudziwa za kusiyana prokaryotic ndi eukaryotic khungu , ndipo pang'onopang'ono allocated ufumu osiyana zamoyo, kuphatikizapo kusowa zosiyanasiyana maselo, - Protista. Komabe, zimene mabakiteriya pa nthawi imeneyo iwo okha anali kuphunzira: kokha m'zaka za m'ma XX. kudziwa ichi chakhala systematized. mabakiteriya anayikidwa mu mapangidwe zonse, okhoza kumanga mfundo organic. Iwo kulekerera mkulu ndi otsika kutentha, amenewa ndi acidity. Choncho, Ufumu wa mabakiteriya amakhala osati chilengedwe, kumene iwo kuwola ndinso organic kuti umoyo wawo, komanso kuli populates ambiri nembanemba mucous ya zinyama ndi anthu, kuthandiza kugaya chakudya, ndi kupikisana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Makamaka kwambiri udindo wawo kagayidwe asafe, kuyambira cyanobacteria angathe wolunjika yekha mumlengalenga asafe. Komabe, ena mabakiteriya ndi wothandizila causative matenda: rinderpest, anaerobic ndi matenda matumbo, chindoko, kolera, ndi matenda a anthrax.

kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe

Ultrastroenie mabakiteriya looneka kokha ndi elekitironi maso Komabe, mabakiteriya chonchi, nanga iwo kuyang'ana kunja, mukhoza kuona ndi kumiza wamamamayikirosikopu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera kudetsa. Makulidwe tizilombo awa akhoza zimasiyana microns 0,1 10, koma akulola kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe mabakiteriya kugawanitsa iwo mu magulu atatu akulu akulu: ozungulira - cocci (mono-, zopalira ndi tetra-, streptococci ndi sartsiny), ndodo - oyambitsa (mono-, diplo- , streptococci) ndi wokhotakhota - vibrio, spirilla ndi spirochetes. M'mikhalidwe zasayansi kudziwa mtundu ndi katundu wa enzyme ndi mwakula pa wamba kapena wapadera TV michere kudzera njuchi mapangidwe, ndi mapangidwe osiyana ndipo iwo ndi chitsanzo osiyana kukula.

kapangidwe

Ambiri, zimene mabakiteriya Mzimuyo ultrastructure awo. Kunja zosungika mabakiteriya selo khoma, wopangidwa mwa zigawo za peptidoglycan, asidi teichoic ndi zamadzimadzi. Ndende woyamba ndiyo mphamvu ya galamu mabakiteriya wodetsedwa mwa njira mu kuipitsa mbiri, malinga ndi zomwe iwo ali m'magulu mu Gy + ndi m'Chigiriki. Ena zina dongosolo zoteteza - ndi kapisozi munali K Antigen ndiponso kupewa phagocytosis awo mkati bakiteriya, zotsatira poizoni ndi zinthu makina. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza zimene mabakiteriya, m'pofunika kuphunzira dongosolo awo okhudza maselo ambiri: mabakiteriya ndizodzazidwa ndi cytoplasm, amene kusungunuka organelles ena (ribosomes, chromatophores) ndi kulolerana zakudya (lipids, shuga). Izi, ngati prokaryotes onse osati chikalata phata ndi mfundo zonse majini amasungidwa awiri Shackleton mkati asidi molekyulu lili m'dera la nucleoid ndi kuliika kwa Kakhungu pa mfundo imodzi. Beyond mudziwe ake majini uli mu pulasimidi amene angathe kudziwa katundu ndi chitukuko cha zinthu tizilombo. Ndi kayendedwe ka ntchito michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi spirillum, anakonza selo woyambira thupi, ndi kubalana awo amapezeka ndi kugawa awiri.