Kodi kusiyanitsa wa gramala genitive kuti: zonse zokhudza mavuto a milandu ya chinenero cha Chirasha

Russian galamala ndi chodabwitsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi kovuta. Komabe, ngati onse ayenera kumvetsa nkhani ya vuto kwa inu, kenako zonse adzagwera malo.

M'nkhani ino tikambirana kusiyanitsa wa gramala genitive, ndi mavuto ngakhale pang'ono declension wa manauni ndi mapuronauni. Ife lidzayamba ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi malamulo.

Phindu la milandu ya chinenero cha Chirasha

Kulankhulana mawu ziganizo mbali zonse osiyana wa kulankhula akhoza kutenga mawonekedwe zofunika: kasewenzetsedwe ka mau tisandulika nthawi, manambala, anthu ndi ina, ndipo manauni, manambala, adjectives, akuti ndi participles - ndi chiwerengero ndi mlandu. Choncho akamagwira awo udindo syntactic mu bwana, koma ichi m'pofunika kuwasintha molondola.

Chinenero cha Chirasha pali milandu 6 zokha, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mavuto awo thandizo ndi mapeto. Komabe, posankha chomalizachi chili m'gulu la zinthu zofunika kuganizira za declination wa manauni. Plus onse obwera ndi mawu a chigawo ichi cha mawu, adjectives, participles ndi mawerengero komanso imadalira pa ilo. Choncho, kuphunzira kusintha pa milandu onse a mayunitsi morphological, choyamba muyenera kuphunzira gulu mwatsatanetsatane.

declension

Ndi mbali zonse manauni monga mbali ya kulankhula ndi jenda (akazi, amuna, pakati), declination (1, 2, 3, ndi indeclinable heteroclite). Komanso, munthu ayenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo manauni, manauni wamba ndiponso moyenera. Ndipo ndi ku Gulu lachiwiri zimadalira kusintha pa milandu, koma kuwonjezera mapeto kutero.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti poyamba declension manauni m'gulu amuna ndi akazi umatha ndi "s" ndi "TH" Mwachitsanzo, utawaleza, nkhandwe, munthu. Lachiwiri - ndi chachimuna ndi ziro mathero (amkazi, mwapang'ono, yogurt), ndi mawu onse a neuter (zenera, phiri mphanga), ndi lachitatu - yekha mawu chosalimba kutha mu "s" (mayi, usiku, amphaka ). Komabe, kusintha pa milandu manauni kuchepa n'kofunika okha mmodzi monga mochulukitsa mawu onse a chigawo ichi cha mawu ndi mapeto yemweyo ( "s / s, s / TH") Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe, yogurt, mayi, pagombe, nangula.

Udindo wa milandu

Aliyense wa milandu isanu ndi umodzi Chirasha ali tanthauzo lake ndi cholinga cha ntchito Malemba. Choncho, ntchito iwo kuchita mawu awo udindo syntactic, kupanga ubale ndi mu mawu.

Komanso pa milandu mukhoza kudziwa mbali ya chiganizo anati nauni uyu: ngati chomwe chili nominative - izo umamumvera, ngati prepositional ndipo amayankha funso "Kodi" Mu genitive ( "? Kumene") Kapena accusative ( " pamene ") -? chochitika ichi, nthawi zina - ndi enaake.

Koma adjectives ndi participles, iwo ali, kaya case, ndi kuti aone mmene ndi ordinal manambala. Koma kachulukidwe - nthawi zonse zochitika ndi mtengo wa miyeso ndi mmene ndipo muyankhe funso "zingati?".

Sizingasinthidwe pa milandu

chidwi akhale indeclinable ndi heteroclite manauni. Woyamba wa Awa ndi mawu, makamaka Anabwereka zilankhulo. Mwachitsanzo, kasino, ndi popsicle, mufflers, miphika khofi ndi ena. Mawonekedwe awo ndi lomweli silinasinthe, ndiye, iwo sangakhoze kuchepa kwa choncho chifukwa mathero awo sizinasinthe. Mogwirizana ndi vutoli, kusiyanitsa wa gramala kutha genitive kapena sankhani kwa kulemba, gulu siligwira ntchito kwa mawu, koma chifukwa yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pa lembalo.

I. N:. Chikho cha chiyani? - zokoma khofi

R. tsa. Palibe chimene? - zokoma khofi

D. etc:. Kuwonjezera chiyani? - kwa khofi zokoma

V. N:. Ndikufuna kuti? - zokoma khofi

T. N:. Chikununkha ngati chiyani? - zokoma khofi

P. N:. Kuganiza za china chili? - ndi zokoma khofi

Kusintha pa milandu kunja malamulo a declination

Komabe, vuto ndithu ndi heteroclite, pali kokha 11 (10 mu njira + "-mya": mbewu, udder, katundu, korona, ndi stirrup, fuko, nthawi, dzina, malawi, mbendera). Pamene kusintha pa milandu iwo kutenga mapeto a declensions zosiyanasiyana. Komanso chabe nauni mu accusative kapena nominative wa mndandanda wa mawu "-mya" sikutanthauza Kuwonjezera wa suffix "Ene" mu declension mu chimodzi. Nthawi zina pamafunika.

Komabe, ichi ndi chifukwa chake funso kusiyanitsa wa gramala genitive ndi sizikuwakhudza manauni heteroclite, kuyambira mawonekedwe a iwo. N., ndi zofanana. N. Mu mochulukitsa suffixes genitive anawonjezera kuti iwo "-on" ( "mayina a mafuko") ndi "Yang" ( "stirrups mbewu"). kumbukirani chabe izo zowoneka: pa Ufumuyo chithunzi "tebulo la milandu heteroclite manauni".

Vuto lalikulu

Kuti mudziwe kuthana ndi vuto la kusiyanitsa wa gramala genitive ndi, m'pofunika kuphunzira mmene kufunsa mafunso mawu ndi kudziwa mbali morphological wa manauni. Izi zingathandize kupeza mwayi kuchenjera kwa otsika ndi kuchotsa mawu ovuta amene bwino amasiyana mitundu mawu awiri, mwachitsanzo. E. Mwachitsanzo aliyense wa declension 1.

Choncho, ngati mukuona lemba zamoyo nauni ochulukitsa, m'malo tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maganizo zopanda moyo, mooneka. Mwachitsanzo, "Ine ndikuwona munthu - anthu" ( "Ndikuona kuti - mabuku" - chifukwa si phunziro, izo siziri, ndipo N, ndiyeno kusankha ndime ....) "Palibe - anthu" ( "pali chinachake - mabuku" - tsa n) ...

Ngati vutoli ndi zamoyo nauni ndi wamphongo 2 declination, mlowamalo m'malo "mayi" ndiyeno kumufunsa mafunso accusative ndi genitive ndi mawu wothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, ine ndikuwona wina? - bulu (onani munthu - mayi anga - .. Pa p), palibe wina? - bulu (palibe munthu - mayi - tsa N ..). A tsenga ofanana ntchito kusiyanitsa ndi accusative ndi genitive choncho akuti (munthu ndi kubwerera), ndi kuchepekela odzikundikira ayenera kutsatira manauni okhudzidwa.