Kodi kudziwa chaka kupanga makina osokera "woimba". makina osokera siriyo manambala woimba

Aliyense amakumbukira kudzipereka Vladimira Mayakovskogo: ". Kwa Comrade Nette, sitima ndi munthu" Mofananamo, kwa chikumbumtima wamba "zinaphatikizidwa" m'dzina la wokalamba makina woimba kusoka ndi tate wake Isaki woimba. Ndipo kudzikondweretsa mpesa makina kenako anakankhira mu chapansipansi chithunzi mwini wake wa ulimi.

Kudalilika apamwamba misonkhano zimathandiza ngakhale pambuyo oposa zana ndi nkhani mzere abwino, ntchito ndi zipangizo zirizonse - kuchokera nsalu yabwino kwambiri khungu akhakula. Si ulesi ndi mwini chidwi mmene kudziwa chaka kupanga makina osokera "woimba".

Bambo woimba, makina osokera ndi wabizinesi

Yolinganizika ndi kusunga wopanga luso chingatithandize ife okhala ndi kuleza mtima ndi kufunafuna thandizo la ena amakono chilengedwe - Intaneti, kudziwa chaka kupanga kusoka woimba makina. Mupempha, momwe? lophweka! "Chimachititsanso onse olembedwa" monga ngwazi odziwika bwino zolembalemba. Mwatsatanetsatane "Talmud" ndi manambala siriyo wa wakuda kukongola seamstresses bwino kusungidwa mu Accountancy zingerovskoy kampani kenako mu mawonekedwe chidule akhala umasamutsidwa ku expanses wa Web onse chidwi eni okhometsa ndi alenje wakale kusoka njira.

Wa onse magazini mlandu kaundula sakudziwika kwa akatswiri anali zikalata yekha pachibwenzi kwa zaka 1851 (m'chaka cha Baibulo loyambirira la magalimoto wotchuka) ndi mphindi 1870. Kwambiri koteroko mwatsatanetsatane zikalata za m'ma hafu pasiti ndi ngongole kupanga chilichonse! Choncho, tiyeni tinene zatsopano luso ndi m'malo "zikomo" kuti ndi mwayi wokumana ndi ludzu kudziwa pankhaniyi: "?" "Kodi kudziwa chaka kupanga makina osokera" woimba

mabuku zidzasintha yopanga

Ku ntchito zimene tikhoza kuphunzira, mwachitsanzo, kuti kumayambiriro 1871 chiwerengero siriyo kusiya khamu mzere njira kusoka anali 611.000 kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa - 914 zikwi, mu 1973 - 964 zikwi, ndi zina zotero. Monga mukuonera, kusowa pa magalimoto sanali ofanana mu nyengo zosiyana, ndipo makope chaka awo a Nsanja ya chaka zinasintha, si zonse.

Woimba miliyoni anali kale anamasulidwa mu 1873, awiri miliyoni Mwachitsanzo amatanthauza mapeto a 1875, khumi miliyoni anapangidwa mu 1891. Mu 1899, a penultimate mu zaka zana inatha pa chithunzi cha 16.831.099.

nthambi Zingerovskie

Kuwonjezera kuthetsa funso ili: "Kodi kudziwa chaka kupanga makina osokera" woimba "," mu 1900 angathe kuikidwa, chifukwa afabeti chodetsa malo anapangidwa limagwirira makamaka.

Makalata M, P zizigwirizana ulimi mu Scotland, N - mu US New Jersey (Elizabeth City). Ndi 1904 chosonyeza woyamba anawonjezera B (pa iwo anamasulidwa pang'ono pa makina miliyoni theka kusoka) kwa fakitale American.

Tili ndi chidwi chofuna kuwonekera mu 1906 chiwerengero cha Chirasha anapanga Podolsk, kuyambira ndi kalata S, T (kuyambira 1908 kuti alowa m'malo mwa kalata E, 1911 - A). Kuwonjezera Podolsk, nthambi zingerovskie analipo mu Prussian Wittenberg, komanso m'chigawo cha Connecticut (Bridgeport).

N'zachionekere kuti, Mwachitsanzo, kusoka makina woimba 1904 kumasulidwa zitha kukhala kupanga yachilendo zikuoneka American. Mu Russian msika "Manufactory Company Zinger" (yogwira kuchokera 1863) analipo kale zaka zisanu pambuyo chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom. Kukwera mtengo kwa Kutumiza zipangizo kuchokera kunja anatsogolera zaka sate-faifi kenako anapeza yopanga Podolsk. Yomanga inayamba mu 1900, koma poyamba kuchokera 1902 fakitale anaphunzitsa mbali ochepa apadera kwa makina banja kusoka okha.

anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri makalata

Mu 20 ntchentche za m'ma XX ndi kuŵeta zinachititsa kuti chiwerengero chizindikiro mankhwala, yoyamba malamulo awiri kalata. Mafakitale anamangidwa ku Colombia Bogota, Buenos Aires, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Quebec, Canada, Australia, Japan, Taiwan ndi Philippines. Pafupi ndi ulimi wa Russia lili ku German Karlsruhe, mzinda ku Italy Monza, French Bonnieres, mu Istanbul, Pakistan.

Mu United States nthawi imeneyi akutsegula chomera wina ku South Carolina (Anderson), kuwonjezera pa kupanga miyambo ku New Jersey.

Mbiri ya Russian "woimba"

Director of kumalo a ntchito anamumanga Podolsk mpaka zisinthe wa 1917 yr anali akuika injiniya lake Walter Frank Dixon. Mu 1913, amene anaganiza kuyerekeza kupambana ntchito yomanga Soviet, kupanga tsiku la makina osokera anali 2 500 patsiku, oposa 600 zikwi chaka. kampani anasangalala amakonda zonse zofunika ya mfumu M'nyumba. zolowa ake chinawonjezeka ndi kasanu ndi wapachiyambi, 3000 masitolo mtundu anatseguka kudutsa Russia, ndodo ambiri omwe kuposa anthu 20 sauzande. mankhwala si otsika ku khalidwe lachilendo, wogula zoweta anapereka pang'onopang'ono. N'chifukwa chake woimba makina osokera opezeka lero pafupifupi banja lililonse.

Podolsk fakitale mu zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet kutulutsa katundu kakang'ono - miphika chitsulo, zitsulo mu khala ntchentche, openers ndi ziwaya. Patapita nthawi, kachiwiri lidzasinthidwa limodzi la Union makampani popanga makina osokera "Podolsk" ndipo mu 1994 anabwerera ku chifuwa cha kukumba "woimba". Kupanga dzuwa anakhalabe mogwirizana ndi transnational bungweli "Zisanu ndi Chatekinoloje".

Nkhambakamwa ndi nkhani yeniyeni "woimba"

vuto A mmene kudziwa chaka kupanga makina osokera "woimba", si athandize nzika zawo ndi mbiri yakale mbali, komanso olemba "kulocha chuma kosaka." Pali nthano kuti mbali payekha limagwirira (kuphatikizapo kutsinde) analengedwa ndi okonza wa zitsulo chosowa mtengo wapatali (palladium, ndi zina zotero).

Zoterezi m'chipani enviable, zikuoneka kuimira makhalidwe abwino m'banja, sakhulupirira anthu, zoyenera pa "kufufuza" wake ndi maginito mu manja ake pokonzekera kuti si zipangizo chitsulo za makina osokera siziziwoneka katundu wokongola.

Miyala ina chitsulo alipo makamaka chimango cha mtanda zochepa makina phazi kusoka chopangidwa mu 30s m'ma. Mkulu molybdenum zili zimawachititsa pang'ono chamtengo wapatali "zidutswa zitsulo."

Chizolowezi sensationalism chibadidwe ndi anthu mu mkhalidwe chipwirikiti, zinachititsa kuti buku la dziko atolankhani munthu kudziwa zambiri zonyenga kuti manambala siriyo wa kusoka makina woimba, mislaid m'gawo la Russia, lonjezo la mphoto ya $ 1 miliyoni. Ine ndikuganiza, izo zimapangitsa neza kwambiri debunk nthano izi ana.

Zoona zake n'zakuti mwa amalonda a lingaliro lathu chisanadze chosintha zokolola Lathu wakucha pansi pa mtundu yomweyo m'munsi khalidwe onyenga, liwiro komanso lodalirika lomwe mfundo ndi osauka. Chizindikiro cha woona "woimba" - ndi chowulungika mkuwa mbale ndi mawu akuti "TNE woimba Manfg Co», anaika pa chimango lapansi. chiwerengero munthu amene akuyamba ndi zilembo za alifabeti Latin, kuti anafuna pa bolodi.

Tiyeneranso kuyesa magwiridwe inu anali ndi makina osokera, kuchititsa mbuye kulamulira njira. Ndipotu, ngakhale anayambitsa Isaac woimba kamodzi tsiku lonse, "anamenya" choyamba, monga anasonkhana mwana, akuyesera kuti afikitse mzere mwangwiro athyathyathya. Kunapezeka injiniya chifukwa kutopa ali chabe aiwala kusintha maganizo a ulusi chapamwamba. Mwina kubweretsa chikhalidwe ntchito muli m'chipani zedi kochepa kwambiri!