Kodi cholinga chomwe?

Cholinga chomwe - ndi malangizo a ganizo nzeru zaumunthu, amene mamembala ankaona mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya mdziko munthu wauzimu. sukulu osiyana otchedwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mapangidwe moyo pa dziko - azaumulungu adakhulupirira Mulungu, Hegel anatcha mzimu mtheradi, ndi Schopenhauer - dziko adzatero. Oimira loyamba azimuth kunali ziphunzitso zakale za Plato ndi Pythagoras, ndipo angagwiritse ntchito otsatira awo anaona kuzindikira dziko ndi zinthu zenizeni za nkhaniyi, zomwe imvera mfundo zenizeni za ganizoli.

nkhani

Poyamba, patsogolo chitukuko cha nthanthi ganizo umenewu ndi akatswiri wakale, cholinga chomwe akuwonetseredwa mu wakale Indian achipembedzo luso buku "Upanishads." Mmenemo dziko zinthu akufotokozedwa ngati kuphimba Maya kwambiri, kubisala weniweni woona wa kuonekera Mulungu pachiyambi mtheradi. Mawu akuti wathunthu kwa nthawi yoyamba chiphunzitso limafotokoza ntchito za Plato, ndi Zapakati m'malo chomwe chimabwera ankaonetsetsa Kuzindikira. Mu masiku ano nkhani nawo Hegel, F. Von Schelling ndi G. V. Leybnits.

chiphunzitso Hegel a

Cholinga chomwe mu zaka XVIII-XIX, zosiyana kwambiri ku ziphunzitso wakale, ndi malo apadera umenewu anatenga nzeru Hegel a. Choncho, iye amadziwa mzimu wa pulayimale ya, anakaonekera dziko chuma, koma sindimuitana iye Mulungu, ndi "lingaliro mtheradi." Mu buku la "Philosophy ya Nature" maganizo ake n'zosatheka kuoneka yowala kwambiri, chifukwa dziko zinthu amatchedwa sekondale, otumphukira ku mzimu choyambirira ndipo amadalira iye. Scientist kufufuza za cikhalidwe, amene nawonso amakhudza lingaliro la Mulungu, limene anayambitsa pamaso pa zikamera wa anthu.

Kwenikweni, cholinga chomwe cha Hegel tikunena maganizo "mzimu mtheradi", amene ankaona wasayansi mu chitukuko ndi kayendedwe. Dialectics mu ziphunzitso za nzeru zapamwamba za zikuchepa kusiyana ndi metaphysics, koma mwala wapangodya wa chiphunzitso chake ndi izi maudindo atatu. Choyamba, akukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka akamaziwononga angathe kulowa khalidwe. Chachiwiri, cholinga chomwe mu mapepala wasayansi za kutsutsana ndiwo chitukuko. Chachitatu, Hegel sanamvere kukana chotero, ndipo ankaganiza kuti kunali kosatheka kuti otsimikizira za nkhani iliyonse chimodzimodzi.

Komabe, malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi malamulo chilengedwe chitukuko, ndi dialectic ndi zotsutsana kwake zochitika, ndiponso mfundo za sayansi nthanthi poyamba. Hegel anatsutsa metaphysicians, kusanthula Absolutized ndipo anapempha ubale pakati pa mfundo okha. The njira dialectical ndi dongosolo akamabadwa wa zikuchepa zimatsutsana, chifukwa wasayansi limanena patsogolo, kusintha cholinga chenicheni , ndi kayendedwe ka dziko yatsopano.

Chiphunzitso cha Schelling

Cholinga chomwe a Schelling za chitukuko cha nzeru za chilengedwe zomwe anakhala palokha phunziro la kusanthula. Maganizo phunziro mu ndondomeko zazikulu, kuyambira nthawi ya ntchito chake chinachitikira ndi nthawi ya atulukira zofunika kwambiri m'munda wa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, sayansi, umagwirira ndi electrodynamics. Cholinga chomwe chaonetsedwa mokwanira maganizo a Schelling, monga spiritualized nkhani yokha. Wasayansi sunali maganizo a chitukuko chilengedwe cha dziko, ndipo anali kuyang'ana pa chinthu akuphunziridwa weniweni zazikulu zotsutsana. Nzeru zapamwamba, iye anati dziko angadziwike kudzera chifukwa, zomwe zinachititsa kuti maonekedwe a zomveka woganiza.