Kodi chiwonongeko? Izi ndi kusintha lonse mu chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe

M'nkhaniyi tiona tione kusintha boma thupi ndi malo zachilengedwe, zimene zikuchitika pansi zotsatira za masoka. Aliyense m'dera ali munthu yake udindo wapadera. Ndipo kusintha kulikonse thupi ndi malo izo kawirikawiri zimabweretsa zotsatira chogwirizana m'madera oyandikana nawo.

Izo mwachidule kufotokoza ena onsewa ndi cataclysms.

tanthauzo la tsoka

Malinga Ushakov a ofotokozera Dictionary chiwonongeko (Greek kataklysmos -. Chigumula) - kusintha lakuthwa mu chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zamoyo pa danga lalikulu la padziko lapansi mchikakamizo cha njira zowononga (mumlengalenga, chiphala). Ndipo chiwonongeko - kukhota lakuthwa, zowononga moyo chikhalidwe.

A kusintha mwadzidzidzi m'dera thupi komanso malo a boma la padziko akhoza amayamba okha ndi zochitika zachilengedwe kapena zochita za anthu yokha. Ndipo chiwonongeko ichi.

Natural zowopseza - amene kusintha mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe kuchokera osiyanasiyana mulingo woyenera moyo. A masoka zoopsa ngakhale kusintha nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi. Izi ndondomeko ya exogenous chiyambi ndi amkati.

M'munsimu tione ena kusintha kwakukulu mu chikhalidwe, kutenga malo mchikakamizo cha masoka.

Mitundu ya masoka achilengedwe

masoka onse padzikoli peculiarity yake. Ndipo posachedwapa iwo anayamba kulankhula (ndi magwero ambiri osiyanasiyana) ndi zambiri. Izo zivomezi, tsunami, mapiri akaphulika, kusefukira kwa madzi, meteorites kugwa, mudslides, zigumukire, kugumuka, mwadzidzidzi isanayambike madzi m'nyanja, dziko subsidence, wamphamvu kusintha kwa nyengo , ndi zambiri. neri Al.

Tiyeni kufotokoza mwachidule za zitatu zochitika kowopsya achilengedwe.

zivomezi

Ndiwo njira thupi ndi malo - chivomezi izi.

chotero chiwonongeko ndi chiyani? Izi concussion ya dziko lapansi kutumphuka, kunyanyala nthaka ndi kusinthasintha yaing'ono padziko lapansi, amene amayamba makamaka mwa njira zosiyana tectonic. nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mantha subterranean kubangula, akulimbana, pamwamba undulation lapansi, chiwonongeko ndi nyumba zina ndipo mwatsoka, akuvutika anthu.

Chaka Padziko Lapansi zalembedwa oposa 1 miliyoni. Zivomezi zina. Ichi chikuimira pafupifupi 120 jolts pa ola limodzi kapena awiri Kankhani pa mphindi. Iwo likukhalira kuti Earth zonse mu mkhalidwe kunjenjemera.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, avareji 1 chaka pali zoopsa chivomerezi ndi pafupifupi 100 n'koopsa. njira amenewa ndi zotsatira za lithosphere ndi, womwe psinjika za izo m'madera ena ndi kukula mu ena. Chivomezi - chiwonongeko choopsa. zodabwitsazi kumabweretsa fractures tectonic, okwera ndi offsets.

Pakali pano, padziko lapansi n'kupita kwa mosiyanasiyana ntchito za zivomezi. Zone ya Pacific ndi mabacteria ndi Mediterranean ali pakati pa yogwira kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi. Okwana 20% ya m'gawo Russian ali pangozi zivomezi madigiri osiyanasiyana.

Kwambiri zoopsa mavuto amenewa dongosolo (mfundo zisanu ndi zinayi kapena kuposa) Kudzachitika Kamchatka m'madera Pamirs Kuriles, Caucasus, Transbaikalian neri Al.

7-9-chivomezi anati m'madera ambiri, ku Kamchatka ku Carpathians. Zikuphatikizapo Sakhalin, Sayan, Baikal dera, Crimea, Moldova ndi ena.

madzi osefukira

Pamene kuphulitsa mapiri, ili zilumba ndi pansi madzi, pali zambiri osachepera zoopsa masoka. madzi osefukira izi.

Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu Japanese zikutanthauza yoweyula modabwitsa yaikulu mphamvu zowononga kuti amapezeka m'madera a chiphala ntchito ndi zivomezi pansi pa madzi. Kupititsa patsogolo misa ili la madzi zikuchitika pa liwiro la 50-1000 kph.

Tsunami monga njira gombe kufika kutalika mamita 10-50 ndi zambiri. Motero, pa gombe la chiwonongeko choopsa kuchitika. Zimayambitsa tsoka angakhale ndi m'madzi kugumuka, zigumukire ndi amphamvu amene m'nyanja.

Malo owopsa mawu a mavuto amenewa - kugombe la Japan, ndi Aleutian ndi Hawaii Islands, Alaska, Kamchatka, ndi Philippines, Canada, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Peru, New Zealand, Chile, Aegean, Ionian ndi Adriatic Pacific.

mapiri

Ovomereza unam'tsalimitsa woimira zotupa, amadziwika kuti ndi ndondomeko zovuta zokhudza kayendedwe ka chiphalaphala.

Makamaka ambiri a iwo mu Pacific nthambi. Ndipo kachiwiri, mu Indonesia, Central America ndi Japan, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mapiri. A okwana pa dziko 600 akuchita za 1000 ndi sleepers.

Pafupifupi 7% ya anthu onse padziko lapansi amakhala pafupi ndi mapiri yogwira. Komanso, pali sitima zapamadzi mapiri. Zikudziwika mu ranges wa m'ma nyanja.

Russian m'madera oopsa - Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, Sakhalin. Ndipo mu Caucasus, pali zinatha mapiri.

Amadziwika kuti pa mapiri pano yogwira zimatha kuyambitsa mu zaka 10-15 1 nthawi.

Chotero chiwonongeko ndi - ndi koopsa kwambiri ndi ngoziyo zoopsa.

Pomaliza

Posachedwapa, nthenda zochitika zachilengedwe ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi anzake zonse za moyo padziko lapansi. Ndipo onse a zinthuzo mwamphamvu destabilize dziko. Choncho, tsogolo geophysical ndi nyengo kusintha atasenza ngozi kukhalako kwa anthu onse, mafuko onse amafuna zonse wokonzeka kuchita zinthu zovuta zimenezi. Pa Ziwerengero ena sayansi, anthu amatha kulimbana ndi mavuto a m'tsogolo wa zochitika.