Kodi 3D-chosindikizira? Mankhwala 3D-chosindikizira

Maonekedwe pa msika wa 3D-osindikiza amalembedwa m'nyengo yatsopano. Ngati pamaso pa malonda a pa maziko a luso mkulu mu chuma zoweta limachititsa kuthetsa mavuto bwino pa nkhani yosindikiza atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena amapereka njira yatsopano ntchito zipangizo. Kumene, ndi latsopano okha wosuta pafupifupi, monga kumanga makampani ndi kupanga luso ofanana ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma Mulimonsemo, asindikiza 3D-chosindikizira kwambiri timapitiriza ogula ndi chitukuko chimene, ikusonyeza kumapeto si onse amene ali wokonzeka. Izi zimadalira chifukwa zovuta za ndondomeko ya zida za, komanso mokoma ntchito zawo.

Koma mafunso ochititsa chidwi kwambiri nkhawa ntchito osindikiza mabuku awa. Kodi mankhwala angalenge mankhwala? Zolinga zimene zopangidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito? Ndipo mmene 3D-chosindikizira? Awa ndi mafunso ofunika, kuyambira yosindikiza atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena akadali zosangalatsa wotchipa. Choncho, kupeza zipangizo zoyenerera chifukwa cha chidwi, kuziyika izo modekha, zosayenera. Osachepera, ndi bwino mwatsatanetsatane kuzindikira njira opaleshoni kusindikizidwa ndi kupeza amapindula mungayembekezere iwo.

Kodi 3D-chosindikizira?

chipangizo A kusindikiza atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, njira imene n'zotheka kupanga zinthu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, kukopera chisanadze anakonza pafupifupi chitsanzo cha chinthu. Poyerekeza ndi osindikiza ochiritsira kuti linanena bungwe foni pa pepala, 3D-zipangizo kupereka linanena bungwe la mfundo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, mwachitsanzo kulenga zinthu ndi magawo enieni thupi. Ndipotu, kumvetsa mmene 3D-chosindikizira, ganizirani njira kupanga zinthu wolimba ndi izo.

Mfundo ntchito ambiri

Ntchito limayamba ndi chilengedwe cha Chinsinsi pafupifupi pa kompyuta ntchito pulogalamu yapadera. processing Komanso amapezeka programmatically chitsanzo kupatukana kwake mu zigawo. Kenako, ntchito akulowa gawo luso chosindikizira, kupanga gulu la zigawo za ufa gulu yopangira chinthu zina. Monga kudzaza mfundo zapadera chipinda olamulira chosindikizira kugawira kulemera padziko ntchito. Pambuyo kupanga aliyense wosanjikiza mutu chipangizo akusokoneza zomatira m'munsi. Abwereza zomwe mpaka nthawi monga sati anapanga chinthu mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo kusindikiza. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ulimi wa 3D-chosindikizira mukhoza kuthamanga pa umisiri osiyana. Choncho, kusintha ndi makina osindikizira, ndi katundu zakuthupi ntchito, komanso njira ntchito kukhazikitsa pulogalamu.

Rapid Prototyping Technology

Ngakhale kusiyana mokoma kupanga ndondomeko, pafupifupi onse zipangizo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena kusindikiza ntchito pa mfundo za prototyping mofulumira. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, kupanga ikuchitika mwa mapangidwe mofulumira zitsanzo patsogolo kuonetsa mwayi wa m'tsogolo chisanadze mankhwala. Pakati luso mwamsanga ndi 1980s ndi cholinga polenga zitsanzo ndi akusowekapo. Lero, njira imeneyi amadziwika monga kupanga zowonjezera, kumvetsetsa amene adzayankha funso mmene 3D-chosindikizira, ndipo tingawadziwe bwanji izo ku ntchito ya njira ya makolo kuti yopanga zinthu. Choncho, ngati mu ndondomeko ya mphero, kutembenuzira ndi mphanvu Machining amachotsa chuma, ndi kulipira, kukanikiza ndi mitundu kusintha mawonekedwe a workpiece, ndi kupanga zowonjezera amatenda kuwonjezeka kulemera kwa zinthu mwa zigawo kumanga mmwamba. M'mawu ena, chosindikizira 3D amasintha gawo zinthu mwa zina malire danga. Pakali pano, atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena yosindikiza kuwerenganso malangizo angapo, lomwe ndi luso stereolithography (STL), njira kutsatira thermoplastic (FDM) ndi laser sintering (SLS).

The njira ya kusakaniza thermoplastic magawo

Izi mwina njira yotchuka kwambiri ya yonama atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. FDM-kuwanda zipangizo amalimbikitsa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba zipangizo zonse ntchito ndi zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo mapulasitiki. Zinthunso Buku njira yosavuta, limene ndi lofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi zida zimenezi. Monga ulamuliro, mtundu wa sayansi ya 3D-osindikiza umaphatikiza ntchito ndi thermoplastics, mmodzi amene ali polylactide. Mwa ubwino wa nkhaniyi anasonyeza waubwenzi zachilengedwe, kuyambira pulasitiki izi kuwapeza nzimbe ndi chimanga.

The mbali yaikulu mu chosindikizira ayenera kutchedwa extruder amene amachita ntchito mutu kulisindikiza. Komabe, mbali imeneyi si kophweka, popeza amafotokozera ndi ya munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ngati tikulingalira akuti "extruder" m'lingaliro ochiritsira, ndi mbali yokhayo ya mutu lidzachita monga wodyetsa a. Choncho, kusindikiza maziko a pulasitiki a 3D-osindikiza kutsatira osungunula ulusi. Movement wa gawo makina a galimoto magetsi amaperekedwa. Chifukwa, limagwirira wa amatsogolera thonje ndi Kutentha chitoliro wa nozzle, amene ndipamene chandamale chinthu.

stereolithography unsembe

laser stereolithography luso tsopano ankagwiritsa ntchito yopanga mano. Dzikoli ndi lachiwiri wotchuka kwambiri mtundu wa osindikiza kwa 3D-yosindikiza. The amadziwika ndi kupereka chipangizo stereolithographic zinthu mkulu khalidwe kwambiri. Ife yapindula izi ndi chilolezo cha magalimoto, amene mwa kuchita masamu ndi microns umodzi. Choncho n'zomveka kuti ntchito ya 3D-osindikiza zochokera laser stereolithography chikuzika osati mano, komanso jewelers. Mapulogalamu mbali ya chipangizo chokhala ngati FDM-analogues zinthu zambiri, koma pali mbali luso. Ngakhale kuti mfundo yosindikiza amatchedwa laser stereolithography, chikupitiriza ntchito zida chifukwa chokhala UV LED projectors.

zitsanzo ziyerekezo odalirika laser ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo. Iwo safuna galasi wosakhwima, kuonetsetsa kuchimwa kwa cheza, zomwe zimatithandiza kamangidwe. Pa yomweyo atolankhani 3D-chosindikizira ndi projectors mkulu ntchito. Ubwino Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti palibe mogwirizana ndi wathunthu kuwomba kuchokera wosanjikiza dera.

laser sintering

mtundu wina wa njira laser ntchito. Pankhaniyi, ntchito pulasitiki legkoplavny. Mkulu-mphamvu laser zimapangitsa chinthu pamaziko a gawo pulasitiki, chifukwa mu limatsogolera ndi sintering zakuthupi. Nkhani ndi aliyense wosanjikiza mpaka chitsanzo wathunthu opangidwa ndi ndondomeko 3D-osindikiza chifukwa monga akusowekapo. zatsalira pulasitiki ufa agwedezeka ndi chinthu analandira kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi. A drawback kwambiri zipangizo ndiyo kupereka zinthu porous ndi pamwamba pa. Komano, zilibe bwanji mphamvu ya mankhwala. Komanso, anatuluka zitsanzo izi chosindikizira ndi cholimba kwambiri. Chomera chomwecho ali kumanga ovuta, monga Motero, kukwera mtengo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi kupanga ndondomeko ndi nthawi yambiri poyerekeza ndi 3D-osindikiza mabuku a mitundu ina. Monga ananenera owerenga, mlingo wa mapangidwe chitsanzo ndi masentimita angapo paola.

owonongeka

Nkhani yaikulu kulenga zitsanzo ndi kusindikiza atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena ndi thermoplastic. Kuwonjezera pa mitundu tanenera kale, ndi Dziwani kuti pulasitiki a 3D-osindikiza mu ABS ndi PLA mtundu. Komanso ntchito nayiloni, polycarbonate, polyethylene ndi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani. Komabe, ena unsembe ndi mpata kusanganikirana zipangizo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandiza kuti kusintha makhalidwe khalidwe la mankhwala m'tsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chaichi, ndi polyvinyl mowa, amene makamaka mtundu womwewo wa PVA pulasitiki. Kutha m'madzi, wosuta angalenge akalumikidzidwa zovuta zojambula.

Komabe, nkhani kwambiri zosowa ntchito mavuto ndi zitsulo. Kuti mupeze ngati mankhwala komanso ntchito 3D-chitsanzo asindikiza 3D-chosindikizira ndi kusiyana luso ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti ntchito ya mutu kulisindikiza. Mothandizidwa ndi binder umagwiritsidwa misa zomatira kumene pulogalamu kompyuta limasonyeza. Kenako, dziko lonse workspace mutu amachititsa wosanjikiza zonyalazo ufa zitsulo. Ndiko kuti, zitsulo si anasungunuka monga zinachitikira mapulasitiki, ndipo ntchito zigawo ndi glued mu mawonekedwe a tinthu tina take tating'onoting'ono.

kasamalidwe Printer

Choyamba ndi Dziwani ntchito, omwe amalamulidwa ndi wosuta kudzera kompyuta. kusintha kutentha kwa nozzle ndi nsanja ntchito, mlingo wa zinthu chakudya ndi injini ntchito, zomwe zingathandize pa pamalo a printhead lapansi. zimenezi onse akulamuliridwa ndi opha amagetsi. Monga ulamuliro, zitsanzo panopa zipangizozi zochokera dongosolo Arduino ndi zomangamanga lotseguka. Koma chinenero mapulogalamu, chosindikizira amagwiritsa otchedwa G-code, anamanga pa malamulo ulamuliro pa makina osindikizira. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mukhoza chitani pulogalamuyo slicers yomwe kumasulira 3D-zitsanzo yosindikiza 3D-osindikiza mu bwino opha code. Mwamsanga ine ndiyenera kuti pulogalamu si mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kakulidwe zitsanzo mawonekedwe.

mapulogalamu

Mndandanda slicers ntchito yaikulu monga atakhala magawo, malinga ndi umene kusindikizidwa. Kusankha pulogalamu anatsimikiza ndi mtundu chosindikizira. Mwachitsanzo, zipangizo RepRap idzagwiritsa ntchito slicers anapanga lotseguka gwero. Mwa zimenezi zingathe kudziŵika Replicator G ndi Skeinforge. Komabe, opanga angapo, amene akuonetsa ntchito mapulogalamu kampani ku makampani yeniyeni. Izi, makamaka, anati kwa zida ndi pa kampani kyubu 3D Systems. Koma mawerengeredwe katundu, ndi ndawala msonkhano wapadera wa 3D-osindikiza, anaikira kapangidwe atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Kawirikawiri ntchito Mwaichi CAD-akonzi, amene Komabe, amafuna kuchuluka kwa zinachitikira ndi 3D kamangidwe.

Kodi mankhwala zilipo?

Osiyanasiyana osindikiza mabuku atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena zikukangalika kuwonjezera mphamvu kuti amalola kuti alenge mankhwala zosiyanasiyana zigawo msika. Ngati ife kulankhula za zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga, pali kwambiri kuthekera masanjidwe opanga zimene zoona, anayamba mfundo opanga zowonjezera. Makampani zomangamanga amadziwikanso ankagwiritsa ntchito 3D-chosindikizira. Zamgululi Pankhaniyi angathe kuperekedwa ndi mankhwala ogula ndi zinthu payekha chifukwa limaphunzitsa. Monga tanenera, mbali mkulu mwatsatanetsatane kupanga anali wofunika kwambiri ndi anthu ogwira ntchito mankhwala. Kuwonjezera yopanga, 3D-chosindikizira ntchito kupanga zitsanzo ndi zitsanzo limba.

Reviews wa a 3D-osindikiza

Ngakhale popularization yogwira ndondomeko yosindikiza, misa ogula akadali owona za malangizo. Izi mwina chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zipangizo, koma kwa gawo lalikulu, ngakhale ogula chipangizo kwa zipangizo zatsopano si vuto kwenikweni zofunika kuti zidzachotsedwa anthu kunyumba osindikiza 3D. eni Reviews azungu kunena omasuka ndi zomwe ife angathetse mavuto zofunika pamoyo wawo. Mwachitsanzo, chipangizo limakupatsani msanga kubala item kusowa kwa unsembe wa mipando, kukongoletsa kapangidwe kupanga chidole kwa mwana kapena mchikuta choyambirira cha foni. Malinga owerenga ake, ntchito ndi zipangizo ndipo amafuna osachepera mtengo wa consumables, mu yaitali cholakwika ndi ndalama zonse.

Pomaliza

zipangizo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena yosindikiza okha ndi m'chipani ndi amafuna osiyana kuganizira kumvetsa kusiyana mu gawo lapansi. Koma kudziŵa ndi mfundo za mmene 3D-chosindikizira kuti amalola kuti kulankhula za lingathe lalikulu la makina onga ogula. Theoretically, mukhoza kumanga nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito yopanga sanali zinyalala zida zimenezi. Funso lina - zimene kubala pa ntchito yosindikiza mabuku amenewa? Koma yankho amaperekedwa kwa aliyense wosuta aliyense payekha, zochokera zosowa zawo. Pakuti ndithu ndalama zankhaninkhani, inu mukhoza kutenga lamba weniweni. Pa nthawi imeneyi, n'zotheka kuzindikira makamaka akatswiri amene ntchito yosindikiza 3D kuthetsa mavuto awo akatswiri.