Khamu lalikulu la tiziromboti ndi malungo. Moyo adzizungulira, kapangidwe, kubalana a tiziromboti ndi

Ngakhale chitukuko cha mankhwala, mmodzi wa matenda ambiri mu tsiku la makono ndi malungo. Ngakhale tsopano pali kukonzekera mankhwala ake wabwino, koma iye akutenga miyoyo ya anthu okwana pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri chaka chilichonse. Malungo uli ndi matenda protozoan ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti kakang'ono - Plasmodium malungo. Iye ali ndi zovuta moyo adzizungulira, ndi likhoza kukhala mu thupi la nthandala. Chotero, inu mukhoza kachilomboko malungo mwa analumidwa udzudzu ndi. Izi ndi khamu lalikulu la tiziromboti ndi malungo. Munthu ndi khamu lake wapakatikati.

ndi Plasmodium falciparum Kodi

Matenda - ndi unicellular chamoyo. Adzaupereka kwa Subkingdom mogwirizana, majeremusi kumuwombera. Mitundu anayi okha nambala yaikulu zamoyo izi ndi parasitic mu thupi la munthu ndipo chifukwa cha malungo. tiziromboti Izi kunayamba Sporozoa suborder magazi monga wachulukitsa maselo a magazi, wakudya hemoglobin ndipo imafalikira ndi magazi. Makamaka kumodzi kuti zigwirizana selo imodzi, koma ntchito monga thupi palokha. Ndani Plasmodium falciparum? Kapangidwe ka ndi ofanana ndi maselo ochiritsira, koma pang'ono zovuta, chifukwa chikuchitika mu moyo wake monga magawo. chamoyo si wogawanika, koma azisinthidwanso mawonekedwe, limakula ndi imabereka pogonana ndi asexually.

Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka majeremusi

mitundu anayi okha majeremusi malungo amayambitsa matenda anthu. kapangidwe ndi moyo wawo mkombero wa chomwecho, koma kusiyana mu njira ya mawonetseredwe matenda. Choncho, iwo amatchedwa:

- nthumwi causative wa tropica malungo;

- ndi causative wothandizila malungo falciparum;

- zinayi tsiku malungo tizilomboto;

- chowulungika-malungo tizilomboto.

Ndani Plasmodium falciparum? Kapangidwe ka chamoyo ichi ndi chosiyana pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko. Ingested mu mawonekedwe a Plasmodium sporozoida - vermiform chabwino tating'ono chamoyo kutalika microns 5,8 yekha. Pambuyo oyamba a maselo ofiira a magazi, izo zimatengera mtundu wa amoeba ndi, limakula ndi umawononga maselo ofiira a magazi. Pakhoza kukhala tiziromboti mu mawonekedwe a maselo kugonana gametocytes, ndi udzudzu, iwo kuphatikiza mu sporocysts.

Kayendedwe ka moyo wa Plasmodium falciparum

Ndi ndondomeko zovuta. Pa zamoyo wa tiziromboti wakhala ndinazolowera moyo yekha mu thupi la zamoyo zina mwa kusankha makamu awiri: mwamuna ndi udzudzu. Choncho matenda a malungo kumachitika makamaka kudzera tizilombo kuluma kapena mwachindunji kupyolera mu magazi. Akukhulupirira kuti khamu okhazikika a tiziromboti ya malungo ndi anthu. Ndipotu iye anali ndi zizindikiro za matenda zimapezeka, ndipo alibe ngakhale zindikirani udzudzu kuti ndi chonyamulira. Koma mu mfundo ndi mu thupi tizilombo ndi kubereka a tiziromboti lapansi. Choncho, asayansi atsimikizira kuti anthu - ndi khamu wapakatikati a tiziromboti ndi malungo. Kodi kayendedwe ka moyo akapitirira tiziromboti?

1. Pamene woyamwa zakhudzana ndi magazi mu udzudzu ndi kulowa mwana nyongolosi maselo plasmodium. Ndiko kumene iwo ali ndi umuna ndipo m'mene Ufumuyo m'mimba mwa udzudzu ndi kuyamba kugawa. Total sporozoidov tiziromboti angafikire masauzande, ndi kuchuluka kwa iwo ankakhala mu zopangitsa malovu a udzudzu ndi. Choncho ndi tizilombo - ndi khamu lalikulu la tiziromboti ndi malungo.

2. Pamene udzudzu kuluma sporozoidy kulowa mwazi wa munthu. Kumeneko, tiziromboti udzadutsa magawo awiri a chitukuko. Iwo agawidwa mu chiwindi, kupanga merozoites, kenako walowa maselo ofiira a magazi, kumene amaloŵamo asexual kubalana.

Khamu lalikulu la tiziromboti ndi malungo

A chonyamulira cha matenda ndi udzudzu wamkazi wa mtundu - tikukhala mu nyengo yotentha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chitukuko cha Plasmodium falciparum zotheka pa kutentha pamwamba madigiri 16. Ndi achangu, ndondomeko izi pa madigiri 25-28. Otsekeredwa mu thupi la udzudzu nyongolosi maselo plasmodium akhoza ukala kumeneko yekha. Kale pambuyo Mphindi 10-15, ndi zygote aumbike amene anatembenukira kwa prikreplyaetya sporocysts ndi mpanda kunja kwa tizilombo m'mimba. Pali iye akuyamba kugawikana. Mu sporocyst wina anapanga zikwi zingapo sporozoidov. A ukala maselo amenewa mu udzudzu kungakhale yaikulu. Choncho, ambiri sporozoidov angafikire masauzande. Iwo amafalitsidwa mu thupi la udzudzu ndi, wambirimbiri mu zopangitsa wake malovu. Chimodzimodzi sporozoidy Plasmodium falciparum kudutsa mu mwazi wa munthu.

Moyo wa tiziromboti mu thupi la munthu

Mwa kuluma kwa udzudzu kuti amanyamula bakiteriya Plasmodium falciparum akulowa m'magazi anthu. Tiziromboti mu thupi umadutsa magawo awiri a chitukuko: nsalu maselo ofiira okhaokha magazi. Mu gawo lachiwiri la Plasmodium ndipo amachititsa zizindikiro za malungo.

1. gawo loyamba wotchedwa minofu schizogony. Ozama mu maselo chiwindi sporozoid akuyamba kugawanitsa, n'kupanga 50 tysyach merozoites. Iwo amapita mu mwazi ozama mu maselo ofiira. Sitepe sichiyambitsa zizindikiro ndi chimakhala cha masiku 5 mpaka 16. Nthawi zina, monga pa matenda trednevnoy Plasmodium malungo, gawo sporozoidov kukhalabe matalala mu chiwindi, kuchititsa kusuta pasanathe miyezi sikisi a matenda.

2. Pamene Plasmodium amachokera chiwindi mu magazi, izo akulowa maselo ofiira, ndi kuyamba ndondomeko cyclical wa erythrocyte schizogony. Kudya hemoglobin, merozoites kukhala ndi kugawaniza kupanga maselo atsopano: asexual ndi kugonana schizonts - gametocytes. Kuononga Selo lofiira la magazi, iwo kupita mu madzi a m'magazi. Pa nthawi imeneyi munthu umayamba kuukira kwa malungo. Pamene gametocytes anapanga, kumakhaladi gwero la matenda, ndi kuluma wa udzudzu ndi Plasmodium akulowa thupi la tizilombo, ndipo akuyamba kumene kubereka mu mwazi wa munthu.

Kukula kwa tiziromboti mu magazi a anthu

N'chifukwa chiyani oopsa kwa majeremusi malungo anthu? Kubalana kuti kumam'phunzitsa magazi a anthu ndi kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. maselo magazi awa tiziromboti amaloŵamo angapo kusintha kuti: merozoites kusandutsa mu gawo trofozoida wakudya hemoglobin ndipo ikukula mofulumira, ndiye schizonts anapanga. Iwo kubereka asexually ndi kuwononga Selo lofiira la magazi. Pankhaniyi, magazi akulowa mapuloteni yachilendo, ndi potaziyamu mchere mtembo wa maselo a mwazi anawonongedwa ndi kagayidwe wa mankhwala tiziromboti zinthu. Komanso kuukira malungo, ndondomeko zimenezi zimachititsa chisokonezo kwa chiwindi ndi ndulu, chifukwa mu kuchuluka kwa minofu connective mu iwo. Azingokhala maselo a magazi ndi chifukwa magazi m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri ubongo zimakhudzira, zomwe zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka permeability capillary.

malungo Features

Matenda amatchedwa "dambo malungo" wakhala kuyambira nthawi zakale. Anawagawira m'mayiko onse otentha. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 17 anayamba bwinobwino kuchiza matenda pogwiritsa ntchito makungwa a mtengo cinchona. Ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 anatulukira tiziromboti malungo. Izo zinali kokha mu m'ma 20, vuto moyo wa tiziromboti ndi malungo wakhala anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, analenga mankhwala ochiza pochiza matenda. Ngakhale izi, komabe m'mayiko otentha akudwala malungo chaka chilichonse anthu oposa 300 miliyoni. Miliyoni milandu kufikira ku imfa. matenda yodziwika ndi magawo anayi:

- The nyengo makulitsidwe limene pali kufooka, mutu.

- Gawo lachiwiri, thupi. Imayamba ndi ankanjenjemera. Panthawi imeneyi, adzionere umafulumizitsa, ukuwonjezeka kuthamanga, ndipo wodwala kutentha. Patapita maola 1-3 kutentha kwambiri - mpaka madigiri 41, inanena kuona zilubwelubwe, khunyu ndi mutu. Pambuyo pake, madontho kutentha, limodzi ndi thukuta lolemera.

- Pambuyo kuukira 10-12 matenda umazilara ndipo pali sekondale zobisika nthawi.

- Ngati mankhwala olakwika, ndiye patapita miyezi ingapo ya zisadzachitikenso matendawa. Iwo angayambe pa nkhani ya matenda ndi mtundu umodzi wa plasmodium zimene zimachititsa malungo tropica. Part sporozoidov tiziromboti adakali mu chiwindi anthu mu mkhalidwe matalala.

ndi chiopsezo cha matenda Kodi

Kuwonjezera kumatchula nthawi ya malungo, malungo ndi kuphwanya machitidwe onse ndi ziwalo. Angathe m'mnyewa wamtima dystrophy, neuritis, migraine, nephritis, thrombocytopenia ndi magazi m'thupi. Mwamphamvu amakhudza chiwindi ndi impso. Nthawi zina, matenda ndi aakulu ndi ovuta kuchiza. Makamaka atengeke matenda ndi ana - mlingo imfa mwa iwo ndi mkulu. Kufikira tsopano, matenda sizachilendo mu Africa, Australia, South America, pa gombe la Nyanja Yofiira Mediterranean, South-East Asia ndi India.

Kuchiza ndi kupewa malungo

Ngakhale masiku ano sangathe kulimbana ndi matenda. Pajatu mwini waukulu Plasmodium falciparum - ndi udzudzu. M'mayiko otentha, makamaka m'madera chinyezi, nyerere zimenezi kwambiri. Choncho, n'kofunika kwambiri kupewa matenda - kudziteteza ku tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde udzudzu kapena mankhwala othamangitsa. Kuchiza matenda ngati kachilombo ntchito tsopano kwambiri mankhwala :. "Hlorozin" Mefloquine, "" Primaquine "," Akrikhin "ndipo kuyambira cha m'ma 19" kwinini "Iwo samangokhala msanga cropped zizindikiro anayamba kuukira, komanso kwathunthu kuwononga tiziromboti. anthu okhala m'madera otentha ndipo anavutika ndi matenda, kupeza asanazolowere mitundu tizilomboto, koma kungakhale onyamula matenda. ndipo amene adzapita ku mayiko amenewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthaŵi zonse mankhwala odana malungowa.