Katundu wothandizira: matenda ndi chithandizo

Ambiri a ife kusankha moyo wa kupweteka kwa bondo olowa, kumachitika pamene kuyenda, nkhawa kwambiri, masewera. Nthawi zina ululu limodzi ndi crunching ndi, kutupa, kulephera kusuntha nthambi. Zizindikiro zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha morphological zimachitika bondo. M'nkhaniyi, ife tione ambiri yotupa matenda a bondo olowa, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matenda lililonse. Tidzayensa kuthana ndi chakuti kumathandiza kuti mapangidwe matenda ndi mmene matenda mu magawo oyambirira.

Kodi limodzi?

Olowa - ndi kugwirizana mafupa, amene mafupa a wapatsidwa kusinthasintha, ndipo munthu ali wokhoza kuchita zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe, monga:

• flexion / kutambasuka kwa nthambi,
• atigwira / adduction m'makona,
• rotational kuyenda.

Zimfundo anawagawira motere:

• yosavuta;
• zimfundo popangidwa ndi mafupa awiri;
• zimfundo ndi popangidwa ndi mafupa atatu kapena zambiri (mfundo zovuta).

Pamwamba pa chiwalo fupa la mafupa, ali ndi chichereŵechereŵe articular ndipo amakhala ndi M'mimbamo munali madzimadzi. Komanso anafotokoza olowa articular thumba, synovium, meniscus - cartilaginous dongosolo mitigating zodabwitsa pamene galimoto ndi opaleshoni damper ntchito.

Olowa yaikulu ya thupi bondo olowa. Matendawa akhoza bwanji aliyense mwa zigawo zake. Bondo olowa aumbike mwa kaphatikizidwe mafupa atatu - ndi femur, tibia ndi patella, lomwe limatchedwa kneecap. Komanso, bondo olowa ndi zovuta kwambiri dongosolo - m'kati kupinda patella apuma mu indentation anapanga ndi lokwera akunja lamkati la femur lapansi.

Kapangidwe ka bondo olowa

The pamalo mafupa onse atatu olowa (patella, femur ndi tibia) okutidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe, chifukwa omwe amaperekedwa ndi ndondomeko kutsetsereka.

Kuchokera kunja kapisozi olowa yochepa - synovium. Synovial madzimadzi, umene uli kapisozi synovial, chakudya ndi lubricates chichereŵechereŵe, facilitates ndondomeko ya kutsetsereka, amasunga nthawi yaitali wathanzi bondo olowa. Disease Komabe, uka kuti mbali bondo. Chifukwa matenda kapena kuvulala akhoza kukhala chofuna synovial madzimadzi, chapansipansi mu mapangidwe bursitis.

Mafupa malo ake wina ndi mzake kupereka mitsempha, monga:

• zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha,
• zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha,
• medial ina mitsempha,
• akunja lateral mitsempha.

Bursae, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa bursitis, komanso zimathandiza kuti mosavuta kutsetsereka minofu ndi tendons pamene galimoto. Kuonetsetsa seminare yaikulu:

• Thumba ntchafu minofu,
• Chikwama semimembranosus minofu,
• mwini thumba semimembranosus minofu,
• nadnadkolennikovaya chikwama
• podnadkolennikovaya thumba kwambiri,
• prepatellar subcutaneous thumba.

Kodi matenda a bondo Ambiri mwa yochizira matenda, tiganizire moposera. Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi zambiri, ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha zowawa ndi pathological.

Zimayambitsa kupweteka

Kupweteka kwa bondo olowa limapezeka pa zifukwa zingapo, sipangakhalenso ziri m'magulu magulu anayi. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Patella wovulala, contusion bondo olowa, osteochondral wovulala - ie kuvulala.
• bondo matenda limodzi ndi kudwala kwa kapangidwe bondo, monga:
  • gonartroz - arthrosis bondo olowa;
  • kudwala wa meniscus - meniskopatiya chotupa meniscal chotupa Baker;
  • dysplasia protrusions (condyles) fupa;
  • matenda Koenig ndi;
  • bursitis mu bondo olowa;
  • Osgood, matenda Osgood-Schlatter;
  • popliteal tenopatiya neri Al.

• Kudwala ndi zoopsa kachitidwe zosiyanasiyana za thupi zimene ululu chimachokera mu bondo olowa. kuvutika amenewa akhoza kupanga opaleshoni msana, ntchafu choipa, ndi ena.
• matenda zokhudza zonse, monga lupus erythematosus, Charcot arthropathy, matenda Paget a m'minofu. Kuwonjezera zokhudza zonse kudwala, ululu zingachititse chifuwa kapena matenda Lyme - matenda kuti zimagawidwa monga matenda bondo olowa.

Chithandizo pafupifupi matenda onse bondo mogwirizana ndi mfundo zingapo - kuthetsa ululu, kutupa; kulimbitsa mafupa; kuonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndikofunika kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, chifukwa maonekedwe a bondo matenda olowa amathandiza kuti zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kunenepa;
• masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso;
• matenda a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa - kobadwa nako kapena kugula pa moyo;
• Professional masewera;
• zaka (anthu achikulire amavutika kwambiri ndi matenda a malo);
• jenda (mkazi).

Tiyeni tikambirane matenda ambiri bondo olowa.

nyamakazi ndi chiyani?

Mu malo oyamba chiwerengero cha milandu chilema akuwuka chifukwa cha matenda bondo, tiyenera matenda yodziwika - nyamakazi ya bondo. Kudwala amakhudza mbali zonse za bondo - ndi synovium, kapisozi, chichereŵechereŵe. Popeza mankhwalawa nyamakazi kumabweretsa imfa ya maluso anthu kusuntha bwinobwino. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana nyamakazi:

• Nyamakazi - mawonekedwe a kudwala, ndipo zimayambitsa amene ali asanamvetsetse;
• chokumbukira zoopsa nyamakazi - ndi kudwala kuti akufotokozera motsutsa likhale kuvulala wake;
• zotakasika nyamakazi - matenda amene amayamba ndi matenda a zimakhala, pambuyo akuvutika poyizoni chamoyo;
• nyamakazi deformans - kudwala amene anapanga pa zipolowe maziko ndi wonongeka a m'thupi;
• gouty nyamakazi - matenda amene amayamba ndi chisokonezo kagayidwe mu thupi.

Komanso kusiyanitsa nyamakazi chachikulu, lomwe limapezeka mwachindunji mu olowa chifukwa cha kuvulala, ndi sekondale nyamakazi, momwe ndondomeko yotupa kumayambira zimakhala aliyense wa thupi, ndi pa otaya lymph kapena magazi akulowa bondo olowa.

Zizindikiro za kudwala lapansi. Njira zochizira nyamakazi

Kuwonjezera ululu matenda anaona kutupa ndi redness, nthawi zina uka purulent njira limodzi ndi kutentha okwera thupi.

Mankhwala a nyamakazi kwenikweni umalimbana thandizo ululu, kutupa ndi kuchira luso galimoto bondo olowa. zonsezi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala odana ndi yotupa, mafuta kwanyengo ndi kulimbitsa mankhwala.

zotsatira zabwino mu mankhwala anapatsidwa physiotherapy, kutikita thupi mankhwala. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zonsezi ndi Kwalamulidwa yekha mu nthawi ya chikhululukiro, pamene thupi mwaonapo njira pachimake yotupa. Mu chochitika cha insolvency mankhwala ndiwofatsa amachita opaleshoni.

Mogwirizana ndi njira ochiritsira matenda a nyamakazi mankhwala kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito chomera zopangira monga m'munsi kwa poultices, mafuta ndi tinctures.

Nyamakazi ya bondo

Taganizirani matenda ena zofala za bondo - gonarthrosis. Zimenezi zimabweretsa zosayembekezereka wa chosayenerera thupi la ndondomeko yotupa, zotsatira mu chiwonongeko cha chichereŵechereŵe minofu bondo limodzi ndi mapindikidwe ake ndi kukanika. Makamaka matenda akufotokozera mu akazi, makamaka akuluakulu a okalamba.

The choyambitsa limagwirira kuti zikamera matenda akhoza kukhala okhudzidwa matenda - nyamakazi, fractures, olowa fupa, njira chotupa.

Matendawa zambiri pang'onopang'ono. Kudwala akufotokozera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo poyamba, ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha gonarthrosis mulole kokha mdima zakuwala- kochepa kupweteka kuti zikadzatha boma la mpumulo. Pamene galimoto ululu anabauka, koma patatha mpumulo, izo anatchulidwanso. Monga ulamuliro, mu gonarthrosis osteophytes zimachitika minofu, amene zoyenda opaka chichereŵechereŵe minofu. Chifukwa mikangano amapezeka kutupa m'dera bondo, ndi reddens khungu anapanga edema.

Kodi gonarthrosis pulayimale ndi sekondale. Zimayambitsa matenda a bondo m'nkhani yoyamba si bwino elucidated, maziko a chitukuko cha matenda kungakhale osati comorbidities, koma zaka monga munthu wamkulu ali. Secondary gonarthrosis - chotsatira cha bondo olowa zoopsa kapena vuto la matenda.

The njira chachikulu matenda a gonarthrosis ankaona radiography. chithandizo ndiwofatsa ikukhudza Kupha ululu, omwe analgesics ntchito. mafuta wapadera ntchito kuchotsa edema. Nthawi zapamwamba za nyamakazi pamene chichereŵechereŵe waonongeka pa malo, kuchita alowererepo opaleshoni - endoprosthesis. Pankhaniyi, bondo olowa m'malo ndi kumanga yokumba, amene amalola pafupifupi mwathunthu kubwezeretsa galimoto ntchito.

Meniskopatiya

Meniskopatiya - matenda amene akufotokozera anthu zolimbitsa thupi, mpikisanowo, ndipo sikudalira zaka. zinthu zabwino mapangidwe njira pathological imakhudzana matenda - gout, nyamakazi, matenda a shuga. Kawirikawiri matenda amathandiza onenepa ndi ofooka Mitsemphayi bondo.

The meniscus - dongosolo wapadera, amene amachepetsa katundu olowa pa filimu. Kusiyanitsa mkati ndi kunja menisci. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, woyamba kuonongeka ndi zosakwana chachiwiri.

The chizindikiro chachikulu cha odwala ndi mawonetseredwe matenda amatchedwa pitani pa bondo olowa ndi wotsatira kupweteka kwambiri. Ine ndiyenera kunena, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa anthu amenewa kuti ali mwana meniscus wake ladzala ndi madzi, kotero ululu kumachitika pamene meniskopatii - lakuthwa ndi amphamvu. Mu zaka zambiri zotsogola zochepa chopweteka. Kuwonjezera ululu, pali kutupa, amavutika ikuyenda.

An njira matenda ndi Kujambula meniskopatii ankaona, imene ndiyo digiri ya kuwonongeka meniscus. Atayankha kapena kukanikiza pakati muyeso okwanira ndi ndiwofatsa mankhwala. Komabe, ngati inu muyenera kusiya opaleshoni meniscus.

parasynovitis

Periarthritis - matenda a Mitsemphayi bondo. Komabe, matenda kungakhudzenso minofu ndi tendons. Chifukwa cha matenda ambiri mulandu matenda concomitant, ndi vutoli mu dongosolo endocrine mobwerezabwereza hypothermia, ndi zotengera za vutolo.

Periarthritis limapezeka ululu kuzimiririka, kutupa mu bondo, kupanga chisindikizo zowawa chifukwa pamene mbamuikha. Odwala lipoti kusapeza poyenda.

Akazi mwapadera kudwala - periarthritis matumba khwangwala mapazi, kumene chofuna tendons mkati. Zikatero palibe kutupa, palibe mapindikidwe wa olowa. Matendawa ali gwero kokha pamene kuvala nsapato ndi zidendene mkulu kapena pamene galimoto pa kali m'goli.

Periarthritis - bondo olowa matenda, zomwe mankhwala ntchito pokhapokha ngati anaitulukira pa siteji oyambirira.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino mu mankhwala osavomerezeka kuchepetsa galimoto ntchito zambiri zina. Pothandiza kuletsa ululu mankhwala nonsteroidal, monga "Diclofenac" physiotherapy.

Tendinitis bondo olowa

Tendinitis wa bondo - matenda amene kuvutika tendon minofu pa nsonga ya ubwenzi fupa. Pali matenda anthu zolimbitsa thupi, Akatswiri, komanso ana ndi okalamba.

zinthu yabwino kwa kukula kwa matenda angakhale:

• yafupika ntchito zoteteza ndi matenda osiyanasiyana zinchito wa thupi;
• vutoli a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa;
• kupwetekedwa kapena kuvulala kwa bondo;
• chachikulu thupi yaikulu;
• mafangasi matenda.

Tendinitis angayambe pa mwendo umodzi kapena pa onse nthawi imodzi. Pankhaniyi, olowa akhudzidwa zambiri amayankha kusintha kwa nyengo - pali ululu, kutupa, creaking pamene ikuyenda.

Kwa matenda a kudwala ntchito ya maphunziro, izo zonse zimadalira, umene unachokera tendinitis. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kudwala ndi zooneka ndi mafunsidwe a salt, n'zosavuta kuzindikira kudzera mwa radiography. Ngati tendonitis anali chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, ndi muyeso zothandiza kudziwa matenda zasayansi maphunziro.

Njira ya chithandizo cha tendinitis zimadalira siteji ya matenda. Poyamba, njira zothandiza ndi ndiwofatsa - mankhwala (mankhwala si steroidal ndi zotsatira odana ndi yotupa), physiotherapy - maginito electrophoresis. umapangitsa pa matenda a bondo olowa amapereka anati yoga. Pamene kuthamanga liwiro la matenda, alowererepo pa opaleshoni.

nyamakazi

Nyamakazi - ndi matenda zokhudza zonse zimene minofu connective ndi kuvutika. Zimayambitsa yeniyeni ya matendawa osati akhazikitsidwa. Amadziwika kuti gulu chiopsezo zikuphatikizapo anthu ndi chibadwa choipa ndipo anthu chitetezo chokwanira otsika. Azidwala matenda pafupipafupi hypothermia, nkhawa, maganizo nkhawa. matenda kumaonekera amuna ndi akazi, ndi zaka chinthu sikumangotikhudza zochitika za pa zochitika.

matenda angatchedwe kwa mumasangalala nawo. Nyamakazi sadzafika nthawi yomweyo mu masiku angapo kapena masabata, ndipo umakula pang'onopang'ono. Izo zonse akuyamba ndi kumverera kwa stiffness mu bondo pambuyo boma yaitali mpumulo (mwachitsanzo, pambuyo usiku wa mpumulo). Kusintha kwa nyengo angaoneke zomverera zopweteka zimene zimakhudza bondo olowa. Matenda a mtundu uwu chichitike mu magawo angapo. Pakuti gawo lirilonse la matenda yodziwika ndi zizindikiro zawo, koma wamba chiwonetsero cha matenda pa magawo onse a chitukuko ndi chizindikiro chopweteka.

Siteji ya chitukuko cha matenda. diagnostics

Poyamba, m'dera la bondo kuoneka kutupa, induration, ululu chizindikiro amapezeka. Nthawi zina munthu kutentha thupi kukacha.

pofuna kukwaniritsa nyamakazi ikukhudza synovium - iko kumaundanitsa chifukwa gulu la yogwira maselo yotupa.

Pamene milandu zapamwamba za matenda zimachitika kuwonongeka fupa minofu, ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Pali zambiri ululu, pali bondo olowa mapindikidwe, kuphwanya galimoto ntchito yake.

Nyamakazi - matenda m'malo oopsa, ngati Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, ndi chilema zikachitika, ndi zina - imfa ya munthu. amagawanika zimachitika chifukwa mavuto aakulu, amene amapereka matenda ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe thupi - osauka kulephera aimpso, ndi kufala njira opatsirana.

Matenda a matenda zachokera njira zingapo:

• kunja bwinobwino zomwe zimathandizanso kudziwa zizindikiro monga kutupa pa bondo, khungu redness, zoonekeratu olowa deformities;
• amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi;
• radiography.

Ululu chizindikiro cha nyamakazi likuchotsedwa ntchito mankhwala ndi nonsteroidal odana ndi yotupa kwenikweni. Ngati pakutchulidwa matenda amagwirizana ndi kufala kwa matenda m'thupi, maantibayotiki zinalembedwa. Tayani ululu amathandiza kutikita zonse, nakhulupirira achire Zochita.

bursitis

Bursitis - ndi yotupa matenda a bursa (bursitis). Kudwala chifukwa cha munthu akavulala bondo, komanso mpaka kalekale ntchito olowa chifukwa yaikulu katundu thupi. Bursitis kungakhale chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana. Chifukwa cha kutupa mu madzimadzi synovial amasonkhana thumba ndi microflora woopsawo. Pang'ono bondo amayambitsa kupweteka, ndi kuthamanga pa bondo ngati munthu amakhala kusapeza, kudzikayikira stiffness pamene galimoto. Padziko olowa anapanga appreciable kutupa, kutalika kwa amene angafikire 10 cm. Odwala bursitis taonera kusowa chilakolako malaise, zina, angathe kuonjezera kutentha thupi. Bursitis Symptomatology ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi zinthu zina matenda bondo, makamaka nyamakazi. Komabe, pali kusiyana kumodzi zofunika pakati pathologies awiriwa. Bursitis anasunga galimoto ntchito ndi luso kuchita flexor ndi extensor kuyenda.

Kuwonjezera anayendera zithunzi, kuti molondola matenda ndi mankhwala kamwedwe woyenera ntchito puncture - wambiri madzimadzi ku sac kafukufuku.

Magawo koyamba matenda amalabadira chithandizo. Therapy zikuphatikizapo compresses, opangidwa zosiyanasiyana, mtima bedi zina kukuonetsedwa. Ngati matenda wadutsa mu gawo aakulu, m'pofunika kuchotsa anasonkhanitsa madzimadzi ku bondo ndi chipinda wosambitsa.

matenda Gout ndi Paget a

Gout - matenda amene amapezeka chifukwa cha matenda a kagayidwe mkodzo mu thupi ndi magazi asidi uric. Zinthu zimene zingachititse ngozi ya matenda monga mowa kwambiri a nyama ndi nsomba, komanso mowa.

Gout ambiri amapezeka amuna. Disease anaonetsa ululu lakuthwa, reddening wa khungu m'dera la bondo olowa. M'minofu anapanga tinatake tozungulira woimira accumulations asidi uric.

Gout anapezeka ntchito amuzolengedwa magazi kusanthula ndi X-ray. Pa mankhwala kuwonjezera mankhwala wodwala Kwalamulidwa kudya zakudya zapadera (a zakudya zakudya woyera mkulu purine), Kwalamulidwa kwa thupi ndi m'maganizo zina.

Mu matenda Paget akupezeka nthenda mapangidwe fupa, chifukwa mafupa opunduka mafupa kukhala Chimaona kwambiri.

Kudwala nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mafupa yaitali malekezero m'munsi, kuchititsa ululu m'mawondo. matenda makamaka nkhawa amuna, makamaka achikulire.

Matenda ndi zovuta, chifukwa pali milandu kumene wodwala safuna wamudabwapo cha kudwala.

Matenda a udindo wofunika ankaimba ndi umagwirira magazi, ndipo zimenezi pamaso pa matenda mu thupi amaonetsa kuti zili bwino ndi puloteni makamaka - phosphatase. Komanso kuchititsa X-ray kuphunzira.

Chithandizo kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amachititsa matenda Paget a. Ntchito mankhwala - kwambiri kulimbitsa mafupa. Izi zimatheka ndi kutenga kukonzekera munali calcium. Pamene Paget a odwala matenda ayenera kutsatira zakudya, chitani mbali ya zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi mankhwala kupewa kuvulala zimene zingachititse kuti fractures.

Motero, m'nkhani tinazungulira zinthu zofunika pathological okhudza bondo olowa. Matenda a bondo Komabe, mu kuchita, ngakhale zambiri zosiyanasiyana. matenda onsewa ambiri amaphatikiza mbali wamba - pathologies munthu amakhala stiffness mu kuyenda ndi ululu pa malo a matenda zambiri chotupa. Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda, n'kofunika poyamba kuwayang'anira thanzi lawo, kudya bwino, kupewa mapangidwe pathologies zokhudza zonse za thupi, osati kubweretsa thupi mkhalidwe wa kunenepa.

Zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda ayenera musazengereze ntchitoyi kwa katswiri, chifukwa matenda oyambirira a matenda - chinsinsi kuchira bwino.