Kalori mowa wamphesa ndi kapangidwe kake

Konyaki - chakumwa wolemekezeka dzina la tauni wina wa maiko kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa France, kumene anayamba nkhani yake. Izi mbadwa French amphamvu mowa mankhwala akamagwira distillation a vinyo woyera ndi makulitsidwe zinanso casks thundu.

Kutulukira ndi chakumwa

Kale m'zaka za m'ma XII, minda ikuluikulu anafuna yekha kwa kupanga vinyo analengedwa kum'mwera kwa France, amene anapulumutsidwa mwa nyanja ku maiko Masewerera a Nordic. Mu ophimba vinyo bwino anakhalabe ogula katundu wawo, ndi m'zaka za zana XVII, luso maphunziro atsopano zoyendera kuyamba. The chotsirizidwa chinaperekedwa kwa distillation pamaso exporting. vinyo sasintha katundu pambuyo ulendo wautali zoyendera nyanja. Komanso, otchezedwa chakumwa anali ndi kukoma kwambiri ndi fungo poyerekeza ndi ochiritsira. Pambuyo pokamba ndi kuchepetsedwa, kuchuluka M'BUKU, amene kwambiri yafupika ndalama zoyendera.

Mmodzi wa winegrowers ndi French anaona kuti otchezedwa vinyo zaka kupita mu mbiya thundu, amamuonera latsopano, kukoma pachiyambi. Pambuyo experimenting, iye akufuna kuwonjezera chipiriro cha distillates vinyo mbiya thundu ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito undiluted. M'zaka za m'ma XIX, osati mwa kholo otchedwa mowa wamphesa, m'matauni ena a ku France undiluted vinyo distillate okalamba mu mbiya thundu, chotengera mu mabotolo galasi ndi zomwe zagwiridwa ngati kwambiri vinyo mankhwala. Zikamera wa mowa latsopano chinathandizira kuwonjezeka kwambiri chiwerengero cha mpesa kumene kukula latsopano, mitundu matenda zosagwira ndi nyengo.

Umene umabala burande

Panopa mowa wamphesa chakumwa analengedwa mu Georgia, Armenia, ku North Caucasus, komanso Spain, Greece ndi mayiko ena. Koma malinga ndi malamulo ntchito opanga European, ndi zolowa, mfundo kumwa mowa wamphesa chizindikiro dzina mulole kokha French opanga.

Zakumwa opangidwa m'mayiko ena, amatchedwa "burande" monga ngati burande. Kalori mowa wamphesa ndi burande ndi osiyana chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana yaiwisi.

Yopanga luso ndi mitundu

Konyaki amapangidwa wapadera mphesa woyera: Ugni Blanc, Folle Blanche, Colombard. Kukolola m'ma October, kenako mphesa mwamtundu natuma nayonso mphamvu mu ochepa masabata nthawi, kenako distilling nkhani chifukwa. Ntchito imeneyi burande lilibe mwamtheradi pa nthumwi ikuthandizira kupanga nayonso mphamvu monga shuga kapena sulfates. Pa distillation kachigawo ndi wosiyana muledzera wa 69-72%, amene kenako zaka mu mbiya thundu ndipo zotsatira zake zomalizira amakhala mowa wamphesa. Yachidule akuti kukhudzana konyaki nkhani migolo thundu ndi miyezi 30.

Kuti kusintha mtundu wa chomaliza mankhwala analola caramel kapena alcoholate kuti zodulidwa thundu. Mtundu wa mowa wamphesa yomalizidwa kapena burande, ngati mankhwala amapangidwa kunja France, lingayambire pakukhala Amber kuwala kwa kuwala bulauni ndi azioneka golide. The chakumwa ayenera kukhala mandala, free zosafunika ndi inclusions wochuluka kugwirizana. konyaki Linga ayenera kukhala osachepera 40%. Malinga ndi zaka chakumwa, zimene osiyanasiyana monga zaka zitatu mpaka sikisi, kusiyana konyaki nyenyezi 3, anayi, asanu ndi asanu ndi mmodzi. Aliyense wa zakumwa awa ali yake wapadera kukoma. Akuti kukhudzana ndi mtundu wa zipangizo opangira, makamaka kufooketsedwa ndi mfundo angati zopatsa mphamvu ndi mu mowa wamphesa. Pamene chodetsa mpesa cognacs pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi m'malo nyenyezi achidule ndi chizindikiro ntchito: HF (chakumwa zaka osachepera zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi), KVVK (konyaki umafunika anachedwa zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi zitatu), wapolisi (osankhika akale mowa wamphesa, amene m'badwo zaka zoposa khumi). Pali pafupifupi 2,000 kudziwika konyaki nyumba kuti zimenezi kumwa wotchuka kwambiri. Wa iwo allocated Hennessy ( «Hennessey»), Remy Martin ( «Remy Martin»), Martell ( «Martel»), Bisquit ( «biscuit").

Zikuchokera, katundu ndi caloric mowa wamphesa

Pa zikuchokera cognacs zosiyanasiyana ndithu. The Gawo ali alcohols, organic zidulo ndi ethyl esters. Zikuchokera burande - wapadera zachilengedwe dongosolo, ndi amene amatha kumasintha zotsatira opindulitsa pa chamoyo. The chakumwa ali antioxidant katundu chifukwa zili mu zinthu biologically yogwira. Motero, kukhalapo mu dongosolo lake la utoto ndi tannins amalimbikitsa bwino mayamwidwe vitamini C thupi tannins komanso odana ndi yotupa kanthu. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti ntchito ya chakumwa M'pofunikanso kuganizira zili caloric a mowa wamphesa, chimene chiri 235-240 kcal pa magalamu 100.

Izi chakumwa wolemekezeka dilates Mitsempha ndi magazi m'munsi. Bwino kudya ndi ulimi wa madzi chapamimba, ndi zina ngakhale kuthetsa kupotokola m'mimba. Mwachibadwa, ndi bwino burande bwino zingamvekere thupi. The chakumwa mkangano ndi uchi ndi mandimu ndi polimbana chimfine ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Iwo anazindikira kuti madontho ochepa laburande anawonjezera kuti wakuda tiyi, kuthandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Kalori mowa wamphesa zimadalira mtundu komanso kukhudzana ake nthawi. Izi kumwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. The zimam'patsa wokhutira si maperesenti oposa atatu. Zikuchokera burande amazionera zigawo zikuluzikulu akhoza mwachidule ziri motere: mowa - magalamu osachepera 33 pa magalamu zana ya chakumwa, madzi, CHIKWANGWANI, mono- ndi disaccharides, mchere (potaziyamu, calcium, sodium). Awa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika, koma mwina ikhoza kusintha kutengera Mlengi ndi chiphunzitso.

Kodi ndindalama burande

Panopa dziko pali masauzande a nyumba konyaki yopangira mankhwala zosiyana. Mtengo wa mowa wamphesa miyambo zambiri zimadalira mtengo wa zipangizo, ulimi zamakono, kukhudzana ndi kufunika kwa mtunduwu. Choncho mtengo wa botolo wamba a mowa wamphesa, mwachitsanzo, ulimi Chiameniya mukhoza kuyamba pa 41 madola US, pamene malipiro a kumwera French uliwonse kunyumba ali waponya m'munsimu 200 mayunitsi ochiritsira. Pali mitundu ya cognacs osankhika, mtengo wa zimene angathe upambana 1 miliyoni. mitundu Awa akupanga oposa zana anapanga ndi nyumba yabwino mowa wamphesa, ndi akatundu a ena a iwo ndi zochepa.

Choncho khumi cognacs mtengo kwambiri limafotokoza chakumwa kugulitsidwa $ 4700 (Courvoisier L'Esprit decanter), ndi kanjedza limabweretsa Henri IV, mowa wamphesa Grande Shampeni - mtengo wa botolo limodzi jeweled ndi $ miliyoni 1,875.

Kodi kumwa mowa wamphesa

kovuta kuti standardize kufunika pafupifupi ndi angati zopatsa mphamvu ndi mu mowa wamphesa, koma ntchito ayenera kuganizira chinthu ichi. Izi chakumwa chakumwa chipinda kutentha. Iye sangatichotsere ozizira, monga mowa wamphamvu, ndipo si mkangano, kuti asanduke nthunzi zina amakambirana. Konyaki magalasi pachikhalidwe yotakata ndipo squat mawonekedwe, ozungulira, tapered pamwamba. Chotero chotengera umachitika bwinobwino kanjedza, ndi kumwa umafunda manja ofunda. Ndi bwino kuti uncork botolo la burande kwa theka la ola pamaso kudya, limapereka mwayi kufalitsa fungo pa malo. The French pachikhalidwe amakonda kuphatikiza chokoleti ndi mowa wamphesa ndi ndudu zazikulu. Mu Russia panali mwambo kudya konyaki ndi kagawo wa mwatsopano kapena candied mandimu.