Infant imfa: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, ndi koyefishienti wa chilinganizo

Muyezo wa chitukuko chachikulu dziko, makhalidwe a msinkhu wake zachuma ndi chikhalidwe ndi imfa, makamaka ana. Maziko kuwerengetsa chiwerengero cha ana amene amene anafa pa nthawi zina. Pali mawu akuti "khanda imfa". chizindikiro ichi ndi bwino kwambiri amasonyeza zinthu zaziwerengero mu dziko. Komanso mlingo wa mankhwala.

Kodi khanda amafa?

imfa Infant mosiyana otchedwa nazale. Koma tanthauzo zimenezi si zoona. Wakhanda chiwerengedwa ku ziro kwa chaka. Ndipo kotero, kuwerengera mlingo wa chitukuko zaziwerengero mu dziko, Chiwerengerochi atengedwa. Komanso khanda imfa - ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro umene umawalitsira mitundu yonse thandizo kwa ana ndi amayi, vuto umoyo ndi zachuma mu dziko, chuma ndi zinthu mwaukhondo. Komanso mu chithunzi izi zikuphatikiza umoyo wa anthu, mphamvu ya ntchito njira pa miyeso AIDS.

azaumoyo, bwinobwino mphamvu ndi zimayambitsa imfa mwana, amachita angapo miyeso kuti kuchepetsa chithunzi negative. Ikuonetsanso n'zotheka kukhala njira yochitira ndi makhalidwe oipa pa unyamata, kulimbitsa moyo wathanzi. Ngati boma ndi akuluakulu ake onse adzapatsidwa kupikisana kwa kuchepetsa imfa mwa makanda, izo adzakupatsani mwayi kuonjezera ndalama za kubadwa ndi mlingo wa chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma.

nkhani zogwirizana

Chibwenzi, funso zaziwerengero ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Infant imfa mu Russia chaka chilichonse umakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri tsa. Ngakhale kuyambira 1985 chizindikiro ichi mu Russia amamuchititsa ndi azilandira kuchepa m'madera ena zinthu mosemphanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, malinga 2015-TH waukulu amafa kukula khanda anali mayina Pskov, Kaluga, Smolensk ndi Orel m'madera komanso mu Karachay-Cherkessia ndi Republic of Mari El.

dongosolo zaumoyo allocates zifukwa n'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kulabadira vuto.

1. The mwana wakhanda ndi zokayikitsa kutetezedwa. Makolo udindo zonse amasamalidwa ndi kukonza zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwa mwana wanu. Ngati dziko umayambira mavuto ndi vuto wosakhazikika zachuma ndi chikhalidwe, chinthu choyamba anakhudzidwa anthu. Kuyambira uyu akubwera chakuti makolo sangamvetse kuteteza ndi kuonetsetsa mwana wanu zonse muyenera.
2. Pa mavuto m'dziko yafupika ndi uchembere wabwino. Akhoza kudwala zosiyanasiyana zinthu, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka pobereka pathological, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa imfa khanda.
3. Kusakhazikika kwa mlingo wa chonde ndi imfa. Izi zimaonekera makamaka ngati palibe moyenera zinthu chilimbikitso komanso chithandizo ku boma.

Zonsezi pamwambapa - ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe ya vuto, amene panopa pachimake kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa mlingo wa imfa khanda, n'kofunika kupeza chifukwa chenicheni cha pakuwonekera kwake.

Infant imfa: Zoyambitsa

Zimayambitsa imfa za khanda kwakukulukulu amadalira mlingo wa chitukuko cha dziko. nthawi yochuluka bwanji wapatsidwa thandizo kuchipatala ndiponso chuma anthu, izo umaonekera chiwerengero cha. Ngati inu kutenga mayiko zochepa otukuka, kumene amafa ndi mkulu, chifukwa makanda ndi amayi si nthawi zonse thandizo yake angathe kuperekedwa. M'mayiko kwambiri anakamba, chithunzi ichi yafupika, popeza ana ambiri chisamaliro khalidwe.

imfa Infant angapo a matenda bwanji mlingo wake ndi monga:

• Exogenous - makamaka zimachitika nthawi perinatal. Ngati nthawi kuthandiza mwana, mwana moyo.
• matenda opatsirana.
• Ngozi.
• matenda kupuma - zina mwana sangathe kupereka thandizo yake, ndipo iye afa.
• Kobadwa nako anomalies.
• zinthu Pathological Chobwera mu nthawi perinatal.

seasonality pa pamatenda

Madokotala chinapezeka kuti imfa ya ana chikuchitika mu nyengo. Mlingo mu dzinja ndi chilimwe miyezi, amachepetsa m'dzinja ndi masika. chitsanzo unakhazikitsidwa m'ma lomaliza. Zimayambitsa imfa za khanda m'chilimwe chifukwa chakuti kumaonjezera ngozi ya matenda opatsirana. Monga mukudziwa, nthawi yotentha, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina kuchulukitsa kakhumi mofulumira Choncho Mwina wa matenda a ukuwonjezeka mwanayo. Ndipo, ngati mayi ali chitetezo chokwanira ndi adatchithisira, ndipo mwana anabadwa ofooka, tiyenera kwambiri za izi.

M'nyengo yozizira kumawonjezera mlingo wa chimfine, ndipo nthawi zambiri mlingo wa ana imfa amagwirizana ndi izo. matenda kupuma amaonedwa kukhala imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe chachikulu cha imfa khanda kuti akufotokozera nthawi imeneyi. Nthawi zambiri, ana amafa chibayo, chomwe ndi exogenous chifukwa. Mukhoza kuona mtima kuti imfa chaka imafoola. Koma, mwatsoka, nyengo yozizira ndi kukhala pa mlingo mkulu.

Wakhanda amafa

imfa khanda amakhala ku kubadwa kwa chaka chimodzi. Izo ntchito kuwunika thanzi la anthu wonse m'dziko, komanso khalidwe la yokonza njira ndi zaumoyo kwa akazi ndi ana. Anatengera njira zosiyanasiyana mankhwala amene amafa khanda ayenera akalembetse m'kaundula. Iwo zikalata izi:

• Medical imfa satifiketi f. 106 / Y.
• Medical satifiketi za perinatal imfa f. 106 - 2 / Y.

zikalata awiriwa ayenera kuti kalembera wa imfa khanda. Kuwerengetsa amafa, m'pofunika kudziwa mfundo zenizeni, izo zikuwoneka ngati izi:

• chiwerengero cha ana osaposa chaka chimodzi amene anamwalira chaka chomwecho, kuti correlate ndi chiwerengero cha ana obadwa mu anapatsidwa Chaka chino.

Koma Chiwerengerochi si zolondola, kuyambira chiwerengero cha ana obadwa zambiri fluctuates.

WHO akuonetsa njira yatsopano ya mawerengedwe, amene molondola kwambiri anadziŵa khanda amafa. Chilinganizo makoswe malangizo mawerengedwe motere:

• PMS = (chiwerengero cha imfa ya makanda osakwana zaka 1 chaka chaka anapatsidwa): (2/3 anabadwa mu anapatsidwa Chaka chino + 1/3 anabadwa moyo mu chaka chatha) X 1000.

chilinganizo Ichi ndi zolondola, koma kuti chithunzi anali wokhulupirika, muyenera kugwira kusanthula imfa khanda. Komanso khanda amafa zambiri zimasiyanasiyana panyengo zosiyanasiyana za nthawi.

Analysis wa imfa khanda

Kuphunzira mlingo komanso akuchititsa kusanthula imfa, m'pofunika kudziwa kuti zikuphatikizapo:

• Chiwerengero cha ana amene anafa pa apano chaka kalendala.
• Chiwerengero cha imfa mwezi uliwonse pa chaka kalendala.
• Chiwerengero cha imfa ya ana osaposa chaka chimodzi.
• Zimayambitsa imfa za makanda.

Ngati ife kuganizira kusanthula deta, inu mukhoza kuika mlingo pa amene adzakhala kuonekera kwa khandalo amafa. Chilinganizo Pankhaniyi angakhale osiyana, izo zonse zimadalira mmene odalirika zotsatira ndi zofunika. Muyeneranso Musaiwale kuti imfa khanda ndi anagawira omangidwa. Zonsezi zili m'gulu la kusanthula wonse wa chodabwitsa lapansi. The apamwamba mlingo imfa anati mu masiku oyambirira kubereka, nthawi imeneyi n'kofunika. Kenako, khanda amafa pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa.

chinthu

Pali chinthu chapadera kuti Mzimuyo mlingo wa imfa ya ana osaposa chaka chimodzi. Poyamba, amafa khanda zinali chimodzimodzi kwa mibadwo yonse. Pakali pano, ali panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira: khanda - kuchokera 0 1 chaka, ndi ana - 1 chaka zaka 15. Kwenikweni, azimuth wakhala anaona kuti mlingo khanda chimodzimodzi ukulu ndi ukulu wa imfa ya anthu amene afika zaka makumi asanu.

koyefishienti mawerengedwe njira losiyana kwambiri ku njira zina zonse. Zonsezi ndi chifukwa chakuti mlingo wa imfa khanda zikusintha. Komanso, kungakhale kusintha mwadzidzidzi chaka chonse, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti aziwerenga zolondola. Choncho, mawerengedwe wapangidwa zosavuta: maziko kutenga chiwerengero cha imfa ya ana mu nthawi imeneyo ndi correlate iwo ndi chiwerengero cha ana obadwa. Pali njira zingapo ankatha kuwerengetsera koyefishienti, monga makhalidwe a deta ndi lolondola kuwerengetsera.

zaziwerengero gululi

Kukhala kosavuta kuwerengera khanda amafa, ntchito yapadera zaziwerengero gululi. Iwo limasonyeza deta zonse kwa nyengo zina za nthawi. Komanso zaziwerengero ukonde chofunika kuti kukhala kosavuta correlate ndi ana moyo akufa.

Ndi dongosolo la mabwalo. Mizere amene ali yopingasa - ndi zaka. mizere ofukula - zaka kalendala. chiwerengero cha ana obadwa mu anapatsidwa kalendala chaka ndi anatchulidwa nambala inayake pa gululi ndi. Komanso mizere opendekera kuwonjezera zimene zichita tsatanetsatane. Izi ndi mzere wa moyo, iwo anasonyeza ndi tsiku ndiponso chaka cha kubadwa. Ngati munthu amafa, mzere mapeto mfundo.

Palinso mitunduyi yapadera imene tiyenera kuwerengera khanda amafa ndi chiwerengero ndi tsiku lobadwa.

imfa yafupika

The amafa - ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha thanzi la fuko ndi ya boma. Ndipo mmodzi wa kusanthula mfundo ndi kusanthula imfa chaka chimodzi. Komanso zifukwa ana amafa. Komanso musaiwale kuti chitukuko cha matenda ndi imfa zimadalira ntchito za akuluakulu a thanzi ndi kugwira ntchito zawo mogwira mtima.

Infant imfa, kuchepetsa ndilo chifukwa mlingo wa muzochitika umoyo ndi zachuma ayenera mitengo otsika. Ndipo zimenezi kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito njira yothana ndi izo muwone muzochitika zones za moyo kwa anthu ndi boma. Njira yaikulu kuchepetsa imfa ayenera kukhala:

• Kuthandiza ndi kulimbikitsa chisamaliro zodzitetezera pa umoyo.
• miyeso Social ndi njira umalimbana chikusintha muyezo wa amoyo, kusamala majini, ndi zoteteza chilengedwe.
• zikunena Health amene angatithandize kudziwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
• azisamaliramo.
• kupewa chachikulu umalimbana moyo wathanzi.