Icon "Phwando la Orthodoxy". Chigonjetso cha Orthodox: mbiri ya chikondwerero ana

Mlungu woyamba wa Lenti, Akhristu kuzungulira dziko kukondwerera kupambana kwa Orthodoxy. Chin ndi chichitidwe Lamlungu, mipingo yonse ndi ntchito tchuthi.

Phwando la kupambana kwa ziphunzitso

Chaka chilichonse, kutchulidwa dzina la chikondwerero cha kupambana cha Orthodox mawu m'busa, Metropolitan Kirill pachikhalidwe amagwira ntchito ku Moscow Khristu Mpulumutsi Cathedral. Kenako mkulu wa mabishopu Woyera chakwaniritsidwa udindo makamaka amene unayamba mu XI m'ma Rev. Fedossiev Kiev Mapanga.

Back mu VIII m'ma AD, chinthu chimene si atabwerera kwa okhulupirira mwayi kutsegula kupembedza mafano ndi zithunzi za oyera mtima, komanso anali umboni kubwezeretsa mgwirizano wa Mpingo, komanso kugonjetsa mpatuko ndi dissent. Analankhula mu tchuthi amatchedwa "kupambana kwa ziphunzitso" mabishopu, yolalikira imasonyeza tonse tanthauzo lalikulu la chochitika ichi.

History holide

mbiri yakale amasonyeza kuti potengera Malemba Opatulika kulambira zithunzi anakhalabe mwambo osafikiridwa Mkhristu m'ma VIII BC. Koma Byzantine Mfumu Leo III ndi Isaurian analamula loletsa pa kulambira mafano woyera. Aonongedwa zikwi zithunzi, zithunzi, ziboliboli za oyera mu ufumuwo. okhulupirira, Akhristu Chimonko ndi wamba Orthodox anazunzidwa ndi mwankhanza losweka pansi. Awo m'ndende pansi anazunzidwa, kunyongedwa.

Icon - fano woyera kapena fano?

Image, kufanizira chipambane Orthodoxy - holide chizindikiro - ndi wosatsutsika ndi luso la kulankhula, umene uli wotsimikiza kuti tisangalatse ngakhale akutali kwambiri ku chipembedzo ndi anthu sazidziwa bwinobwino. Zimenezi zikugwira pafupifupi mafano alionse mpingo. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti kalelo, wina anakweza dzanja kuti desecrate zithunzi. Mwina ndicho chifukwa zithunzi woyera kwambiri ndi pamtima pa anthu kuti kudutsa yokha mantha vandalism ndi zosasimbika?

Chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri kukana mafano anali kwambiri negation wa chikhulupiriro kuti Mwana wa Mulungu amamuonera nkhope ya munthu, ndi opulumutsidwa dziko ku chiwonongeko. Yesu udzakhalire maonekedwe a mzimu Mulungu, Mulungu anakhala pafupi ndi yopezeka kwa anthu, mwayi womuimira ndi kugwila. Mulungu anataya aura wake wa inaccessibility ndi incorporeal, ndipo zikuoneka ukuyandikira ku anthu kuposa ena onse. Koma Malemba amanena kuti chilengedwe cha mafano - ndi tchimo, alaliki ambiri anali ndi zithunzi za oyera mtima. Otsatira za mfundo imeneyi, olamulira ndi mafumu, mwina zida ndi chiphunzitso za kuchimwa kwa chilengedwe cha mafano, zinzawozo anthu kuti akhulupirire inadmissibility kulambira mafano, ndi anthu amene satsatira malamulo oletsa izi, taya miyoyo yawo.

Kupanga zithunzi

Polenga zithunzi pano mwambo. Ndi pomanga Iversky obisika mu Valdai izo anaganiza amapanga mpingo wina watsopano ndi mndandanda wa ku Spain chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. mndandanda anachira bwinobwino, kugwilizana ndi luso lapadera. Abale obisika mu madzi pemphero woyera, kuthirira paini gulu lake kulemba fano. Kenako, madzi wothira mitundu, amisiri anayamba kulemba fano, kuti aziyendera limodzi ndi kulemba pemphero ndi kusala kudya.

mode iconoclasm

Zinali ngati mwambo wa mafano. Choncho, akuluakulu ambiri mpingo anatenga mbali ya iconoclasts lapansi. Mfumu Teofilo iconoclast, amene analamulira Ufumu wa Byzantium mpaka zaka 842, anali nazonso. Ndipo mkazi wake, mfumukazi Theodora anali Mkhristu woona.

Phwando choyamba cha kupambana cha Orthodox

Pali chiphunzitso chimene tsiku lina, mu zaka khumi ndi chimodzi cha ulamuliro wake, mfumu anadwala kwambiri ndipo pozindikira machimo awo, analapa mu chiwonongeko cha zithunzi woyera. Mkazi kupemphera anam'patsa chifaniziro cha Virgin, inapsompsona Mfumu inakhala.

Komabe, matenda si kuchepa, ndi pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumu Teofilo mkazi wake, amene ankaimba udindo wa regent kwa zazing'ono Mfumu Michael III ya, chikangoperekedwa ndi kuletsa kuzunza Akristu ndi chiwonongeko cha mafano. Mfumukazi anapereka kuti kholo lakale la Constantinople Methodius kukachititsa Council, ndipo pa Lamlungu loyamba la Lenti zaka March 11 843, mu Kachisi wa Wopatulika Sofia mabishopu onse Orthodox zinkaitanidwa utumiki wapadera. Mamembala a Bungwe olembedwa ampatuko ndipo mfumu mochedwa, koma patapita kanthawi dzina lake palibe.

atsogoleri onse ndi anthu wamba wamba lotsogoleredwa ndi mfumukazi anatenga m'misewu ya Constantinople ndi mafano manja awo. Pamene msonkhano unali ikuchitika chionetsero cha Constantinople, ndi okhulupirika anabwerera zithunzi kusungidwa mu malo awo mu makachisi.

Malinga ndi nthano, nthawi ya pemphero Theodore anayamika Mulungu chifukwa cha chikhululukiro cha mwamuna wake, Mfumu Teofilo, amene analimbikitsa kuti thupilo zithunzi, zithunzi za ganizo admirers ampatuko ndi kuwaononga. chochitika Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ntchito pachaka Mulingo wa kupambana cha Orthodox, ndilo tsiku lofunika kwambiri la kalendala Orthodox mu masiku athu.

Tanthauzo la holide

Koma si nthawi yomweyo kupambana kwa ziphunzitso, mbiri ya holide, ngakhale anayamba kuchokera m'ma chitatu, koma m'kati Akristu anazunzidwa mpaka cha m'ma IX. Only ndiye ikonopochitateli anamasulidwa kundende, anabwerera dioceses awo, ndipo amene angachite ntchito iconoclastic anafunsidwa kuti mwina kuvomereza kulambira mafano, kapena kutsirizitsa utumiki mu mpingo.

Tsiku kupambana titchuke cha Orthodox, amalembedwa osati kupambana kwa mpingo pa akatswiri a zithunzi. Chigonjetso zinayenera mpingo mwayi moyenerera kulowa mu kuya kwa chikumbumtima cha anthu Choonadi, kuchotsa maganizo awo ndi kuwapatsa mwayi kubwerera pa njira yoyenera. Mpingo chikondwerero kupambana pa mipatuko onse, zolakwa ndi zosiyana.

udindo zikondwerero Orthodox lakhazikitsidwa, utumiki wapadera, amene anafotokoza kusamvana onse Universal mabungwe, anadalitsa ikonopochitateli anasonyeza ulemu kwa womwalirayo olamulira mbadwa ndipo kenako anali nawo malemba ndi mbalume chikale.

Chin anathema

Chigonjetso cha Orthodox ikusonyezedwa ndi mapemphero a, womwenso mbali yapadera - ndi udindo wa anathema, ndiye mndandanda wa zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti achotsa. Choncho, Mpingo akuchenjeza wokhulupirika, si zovomerezeka kuchita, ndipo awo amene achita machimo, analalikira anathema.

Kumayambiriro a udindo wa Orthodox chikondwerero cha onse anali 20 anathema, ndi mndandanda wa anthu amene adziwa anathema, anakwana anthu 4 zikwi. Nthawi yambiri mndandanda m'gulu George ansembe yotchedwa Archimandrite Cassian, Stepan Razin, Grigoriy Otrepev, wansembe Habakuku, Emelyan Pugachev, wolemba Leo Tolstoy, ndi mmonke Filaret, Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin.

Mbiri ya anathema udindo ntchito

Orthodox mwambo chinakwaniritsidwa pamaso pa zithunzi za Mpulumutsi ndi amayi a Mulungu Cathedral. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, mu 1767, mu mwambo Orthodox anali kukonzedwa wodzilemekeza ndiponso. Metropolitan a Novgorod ndi St. Petersburg Gabriel wapanga kusintha kuti achotse maina ambiri. Patatha zaka 100 mu udindo komanso chiwerengero. Mpaka 1917, panali 12 anathema machenjezo mwachitsanzo zimene munthu akhoza unachotsa, ndi maina onse a onse analandira. Mu 1971, ndi Okhulupirira Old kunachotsedwa anathema ndipo iwo anabwerera kwa Mpingo.

atsogoleri mpingo nkhawa anathema - si temberero. Olapa munthu akhoza abwerere ku tchalitchi, ndipo chidzapatsidwa analandira ngati pali umboni wokwanira wa chowonadi cha kulapa kwake. Anathema akhoza kuchotsedwa atamwalira.

Chibwenzi anathema alibe zambiri monga Mulingo wa kupambana cha Orthodox, iwo alipo yekha pa misonkhano Episcopal.

Image pa holide kwambiri

Icon "kupambana kwa ziphunzitso" linalembedwa m'zaka za m'ma XV ku Constantinople (tsopano Istanbul). Choyambirira chithunzi cha woyera ndi mu British Museum ku London.

Kufotokozera za chizindikirochi "Phwando la Orthodoxy"

Pamene kuya kwa khalidwe, Kuvuta ndi heterogeneity umenewu chikondwerero, monga kupambana kwa ziphunzitso, ndi mafano kudzipereka kwa iye, chosonyeza osati wofera, koma angapo, ndipo imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Mu kumtunda kwa zikuchokera limasonyeza chizindikiro cha Lady athu, Hodigitria (Putevoditelnitsa) Agiriki ankakonda mafano. mfundo Virgin mwana wake, Yesu, amene ali pa chifuwa pake, ndi fano lake ndi chisoni, chifukwa iye akudziwa zomwe adzafa m'tsogolo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti pachiyambi Odigitrii utoto m'makhalidwe St. Luke. Kwa zaka zambiri chithunzi chithunzi kupenta inawonongedwa, ndi chithunzi cha "kupambana kwa ziphunzitso" ndi chizindikiro mu chizindikirochi wakuti chizindikirochi salinso kunja lamulo, kuti iwo akhoza kulemba ndi kuwaononga, palibe amene adzatero.

Pamwamba pa wojambula zotsatirazi Mfumukazi Theodora ndi mwana wake Michael. Mu mzere pansi pa chizindikiro cha "kupambana kwa ziphunzitso atsimikiza anthu ophedwa m'dzina la kupembedza mafano. Kuti lamanja la mpando wachifumu waima St Methodius ndi St. Feodor Studit. The mafano ndi chithunzi cha Yesu Khristu ananyamula woyera Feofan Sigriansky Confessor ndi Stefan latsopano mmonke. Kuti lamanja la iwo, Bishop Nikomidiyskiy Feofilakt Confessor, abale, Theodorus ndi Theophanes (Mfumu Teofilo anauza pankhope za abale jambulani mavesi chizindikiro cha mwano iconoclasm). kumanzere kwa Mpandowachifumu Martyr Theodosius kundikumbatira wozunzikirapo wa Khristu. Malinga ndi mabuku a mbiri yakale, analandira imfa, osalola msilikali kutaya chifaniziro cha Mpulumutsi ndi zipata za Constantinople.

Icon "Phwando la Orthodoxy", ndi original chithunzi, transmits mgwirizano ndi umodzi tikuonera chinsalu amuna. Inde, onse a iwo azipereka ndevu zawo, ndipo iwo avala kalembedwe chomwecho. Kusunga adzadziwire amenewa, chithunzicho mwina anafuna kutsindika kuti chiwerengero cha ikonopochitateley lalikulu kwambiri, anthu ambiri akukopeka ndi chikhulupiriro woyera.

Tanthauzo lakuya la chizindikirochi

Ngati inu kuyang'ana kwambiri, chizindikirochi "Phwando la Orthodoxy", pa Koyamba, ali ndi zolakwika. A mwatsatanetsatane chidwi n'chakuti zojambulajambula XV m'ma akuonetsedwa anthu a m'zaka za m'ma. N'chifukwa chiyani adakumbukira atamwalira? chakuti mu XV atumwi mu Ufumu wa Byzantine anakana malire kwambiri zokwanira. Ufumu anakula osauka, anavutika anawazunza adani, kuphatikizapo Asilamu amene anali oopsa kumbali ya mafano alionse a anthu monga zithunzi woyera. Byzantines sakanachitira mwina koma kupempha thandizo kupereka manja ndi ndalama kwa anansi European, makamaka France, kuteteza ndi Asilamu. Koma mbali French adawatsutsa.

Anagwira popanda mwina ndi mankhwala, ndi Byzantines anaganiza kulemba chizindikiro monga mwayi wake wotsiriza, otsiriza kunena za nthawi imene ufumu anali wolemera, ndi amphamvu. Chifanizo cha nthawi kuti ankafuna kutsimikizira tokha ndi kukhulupirira chakuti mphamvu ya ufumu anali koma adzauma. Ndipo kotero chithunzicho wakhala akuonetsedwa anthu kuchokera kale, zaka za m'ma chinayi, kufanizira ndi ufumu ukuyenda bwino. anthu Byzantine, monga onse okhulupirira owona, Akhristu ankakhulupirira kuti fano woyera kungatithandize kuti apulumuke ndipo kamodzinso atengenso malo ake otaika.

Mwatsoka, ili sachiza, ufumu wamkulu anagwa, koma sanataye ndi mzimu wolimba kwa anthu, okhulupirira mu kupatulika kwa Mulungu, kuti adzawapulumutse ana ake, amene ali okhulupirika kwa iye kotheratu.

Kodi mungadziwe ana za holide?

Choyamba, sabata chachikulu kwambiri malekezero Lenti ndi holide, "Phwando la Orthodoxy". Wansembe ulaliki, pemphero ndi chikhulupiriro ndi odzipereka adzakhala kukuthandizani positi lonse kwathunthu. Ngati positi zimawonedwa Orthodox okhulupirira malamulo onse, pambuyo kudziletsa kwambiri amabwera kudzimva lightness ndi chimwemwe za mwachita gawo njira. Ndipo njira iyi anthu osati kuthana ndi m'kupita bwino. Makamaka ngati inu kusala osati chakudya, koma sadachimwe, kupewa mikangano ndi kukangana ndi aneba, banja anthu, ndi kudzaza mitima yawo ndi chikondi chake ndi chisamaliro.

Chabwino, ngati chipambane Orthodoxy ana adzakhala ngati zofunika tchuthi akuluakulu. Kale mu masukulu kuphunzitsa nkhani imene ana anapezeka zodyera mpingo, kuphunzira malemba. Lero si, koma iwo ayenera kumvetsa mfundo zazikulu osachepera chitukuko wamba. Ngati, pamaso pa mbadwo wamakono wamng'ono bwino tanthauzo lenileni la "chipambane Orthodoxy", nkhani ya holide ana adzakhala chidwi kwambiri ndi kwambiri pamtima, ndithudi, ngati iwo amakhulupilira Mulungu ali wamng'ono ndipo musati adzipatule okha ku mpingo. Ndipotu, izo zikuyamba munthu aliyense mu mtima wake.

Holide, zomwe zinasonyeza chigonjetso cha Orthodox ana ndi akulu, ayenera poyamba kutuluka mu moyo wa munthu aliyense ali ngati pemphero ndi kwakukulu ndi kusala kudya. Ngati munthu ali pa zikhulupiriro njira, moyo wake adadzazidwa ndi chimwemwe, chikondi, timafuna anthu a chinachake wamuyaya woonadi. Tinganenenso kuti aliyense wa ife akhoza chikondwerero phwando yake ya kupambana kwa ziphunzitso osati kamodzi pachaka ndi zambiri ngati mwasankha woyenera, m'njira yoyera ya chikondi ndi kukoma mtima.