Hydroid (modabwitsa): kapangidwe, kubereka, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa

A zosiyanasiyana mitundu m'madzi komanso, izo siziti posachedwa anthu adzatha kuphunzira iwo onsewo. Komabe, ngakhale nthawi yaitali ndipo odziwika bwino aquatics panja akhoza kudabwa mbali ndigwira zosaoneka. Mwachitsanzo, anapezeka kuti hydroid ambiri (modabwitsa) sadzafa ukalamba. Zikuoneka kuti ichi ndi cholengedwa kokhaku padziko lapansi, ali nao moyo wosatha.

General kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe

Hydroid modabwitsa wa mtundu coelenterate, kalasi hydroid. Awa ndi achibale wapafupi ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, koma zovuta. Mwina aliyense akudziŵa bwino mmene kuyang'ana ngati modabwitsa - mawilo mandala, maambulera kapena mabelu. Iwo akhoza kukhala wozungulira woboola pakati constriction pakati pa thupi kapena kukhala mu mawonekedwe a mpira. Medusa alibe pakamwa, koma pali Zikuluzikulu m'kamwa. Anthu ena ngakhale pang'ono pinki tentacles pa konsekonse.

Dongosolo m'mimba ya modabwitsa imatchedwa gastrovascular. Ali m'mimba, kumene ku periphery kwa thupi achoke anayi zozungulira njira, kupita mu wamba annular njira.

Tentacles ndi maselo lobaya ili chimodzimodzi m'mphepete ambulera thupi, amatumikira monga chiwalo ndi chipangizo cha kukhudza, ndi chida cha kusaka. Mafupa akusowa, koma pali kuti azitha kupanga modabwitsa chimachititsanso. Ena subspecies wa tentacles ndi lidzasinthidwa statocysts statolith - ziwalo mgwirizano. njira za kayendedwe zimadalira mtundu, kumene kumachokera ndi hydroid yeniyeni (modabwitsa). Kubereka ndi kuwalimbikitsa adzakhala amasiyana.

Mantha dongosolo hydromedusae ndi zopezera maselo amene ali m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe ambulera mphete ziwiri: kunja kwa thupi mlandu tcheru, mkati - la gululo. Ena maso kuwala tcheru, ili pa malo a tentacles lapansi.

Mitundu hydroid modabwitsa

Subclasses kuti ndi zabwino bwino ziwalo - statocysts otchedwa trahilidami. Iwo adutsa pa athamangitsidwe madzi ambulera ndi. Iwonso kupalasa - ndi zophuka wozungulira woboola pakati pa mbali lamkati la kuchepetsa linanena bungwe kuchokera M'mimbamo thupi. Iye ananenanso modabwitsa liwiro pamene galimoto.

Leptolidy mosatsata statocyst, kapena akusinthika mu nsupa wapadera, mkati limene pangakhale statoliths umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Iwo amasunthira madzi si choncho zotakasika chifukwa cha ambulera sangathe kuchepetsedwa ndi zambiri kwambiri.

Pali hydrocorals medusoid, koma iwo ali underdeveloped ndi pang'ono kufanana kwa modabwitsa wamba.

Chondrophores moyo m'midzi lalikulu. Part tizilombo ting'onoting'ono awo vypochkovyvaet modabwitsa kuti moyo paokha.

Siphonophores - hydroid (modabwitsa), dongosolo la zomwe ndi zachilendo ndi chidwi. Ndi njuchi lonse, umene aliyense amachita ntchito ka kugwira ntchito kwa chamoyo wonse. Kunja, izo zikuwoneka ngati izi: pamwamba pa kuwira lalikulu akuyandama mu mawonekedwe a bwato. Iye ali zopangitsa yotulutsa mpweya kumathandiza kuti tiwolokere pamwamba. Ngati siphonophores akufuna kubwerera mozama - izo basi pansi thupi lanu akulu kwambiri. Pansi kuwira pa thunthu la zina zili mu mawonekedwe a ang'ono mabelu modabwitsa kusambira, namtsata gastrozoidy (kapena alenje), ndiye gonofory amene cholinga - kubereka ana.

kubalana

Hydroid modabwitsa ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi. Umuna nthawi zambiri amapezeka kunja, osati m'mimba mwa mkazi. Gonads modabwitsa ili kaya Zikuluzikulu m'kamwa ectoderm, kapena ectoderm ambulera pansi ngalande zozungulira.

Okhwima maselo kugonana kunja kwa mapangidwe yopuma wapadera. Lotsatira, iwo anayamba kuphwanyika, n'kupanga blastula, gawo limene maselo ndiye retracts mkati. The chifukwa ndi endoderm. M'kupita kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa nambala inayake maselo ake likunyonyotsoka kupanga patsekeke. Ndi panthawi imeneyi ya dzira, larva akukhala planuly ndiye zikukhazikitsa pansi, kumene n'kukhala gidropolip. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti iye akuyamba kuphuka tizilombo ting'onoting'ono latsopano ndi meduzok yaing'ono. Kenako kukula ndi kupanga zinthu ngati palokha. Mitundu ina ya planul atangotha medusae.

Inanso umuna kumatengera mtundu, nyama kapena subspecies uli hydroid (modabwitsa). Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi kubalana, komanso kukonza, osiyana.

Kumene amakhala

The ambiri mitundu moyo m'nyanja, ndi n'kukhala kwambiri ali mu madzi oyera. Nawapeza kukhala mu Europe, America, Africa, Asia, ndi Australia. Iwo akhoza kuoneka mu akasinja kutentha, ndi madamu yokumba. Kodi ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi hydroids monga mutu mu dziko, mpaka sayansi bwinobwino.

Siphonophores, chondrophores, hydrocorals, trahilidy moyo yekha m'nyanja. Only leptolid angapezeke mu madzi abwino. Koma ndi oopsa ndi owayimilira pakati pawo ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi m'nyanja.

Aliyense mitundu modabwitsa akutenga malo ake, mwachitsanzo, iliyonse nyanja, nyanja kapena Bay. Iwo akhoza kukodzedwa yekha ndi kayendedwe ka madzi, makamaka modabwitsa musati analanda magawo atsopano. Ena monga chimfine, pamene ena - kutentha. Iwo akhoza kukhala pafupi pamwamba kapena kuya. Yotsirizira si achilendo kwa kusamuka, ndi Choyamba kotero kuti tipeze chakudya, kusiya tsiku chozama mu ndime madzi, ndipo usiku ndi kukwera oposa kachiwiri.

njira ya moyo

M'badwo woyamba mu mkombero moyo wa hydroid - ndi polyp. Chachiwiri - hydroid modabwitsa ndi thupi mandala. Monga izo zimapanga amphamvu chitukuko mesogloea. Iwo gelled ndipo lili madzi. Ndi chifukwa n'zovuta kuona modabwitsa m'madzi. Hydroids chifukwa masiyanidwe a kubalana ndi kukhalapo kwa mibadwo yosiyana amafalitsidwa mwachangu chilengedwe.

Modabwitsa zimawononga zooplankton chakudya. Mphutsi za mitundu ina kudya mazira ndi nsomba ndipo mwachangu. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ali mbali ya unyolo chakudya.

Hydroid (modabwitsa), njira ya moyo Ndipotu, zoyenera chakudya, zambiri mofulumira kwambiri, koma, ndithudi, si kufika monga stsifoidy. Childs, awiri a ambulera hydroid osati choposa masentimita 30 a mpikisano waukulu -. Nsomba Planktivorous.

Kumene, iwo ali zolusa, ndipo ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. modabwitsa onse ndi maselo obaya, amene ntchito pa kusaka ndi.

ndi kusiyana hydroids ku stsifoidov Kodi

Mbali morphological ndi kukhalapo kwa kupalasa lapansi. Stsifoidy alibe izo. Iwo amakhala yokulirapo ndi moyo yekha m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. Arctic tsianeya awiri mpaka 2 m, koma njoka a maselo lobaya ndimalephera kuti avulaze lalikulu kwa anthu. Kukula waukulu kukula stsifoidam amathandiza kuposa hydroids, chiwerengero cha zozungulira njira gastrovascular. Ndipo mitundu ina ya modabwitsa kudyedwa mwa munthu.

Pali kusiyana mu mtundu wa zoyenda - hydroids kudula poyambira monga m'munsi mwa ambulera ndi stsifoidy - zonse belo. Pa tentacles yayitali ndi ziwalo imalandira. Kapangidwe awo ndi osiyana, popeza stsifoidov minofu ndi mitsempha minofu. Nthawi zonse dioecious, iwo alibe vegetative kubalana ndi madera. limodzi ili.

Scyphomedusae ndi modabwitsa wokongola - iwo akhoza kukhala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, m'mphepete pa m'mbali ndi mawonekedwe chodabwitsa cha belu ndi. Ndi akaidi awa madzi kukhala heroines mapulogalamu TV za nyanja ndipo nyanja nyama.

Hydroid modabwitsa wosafa

Si kale, asayansi apeza kuti cnidarian modabwitsa turitopsis nutrikula ndi luso lodabwitsa kwa rejuvenate. mtundu uwu konse anafa imfa yachibadwa! Iwo akhoza kuthamanga nthawi zambiri monga limagwirira kusinthika. Zingatanthauze kuti zonse ndi lophweka - kufika kukalamba modabwitsa atembenukire ku polyp ndi wadutsa magawo onse a kukhwima kachiwiri. Ndipo kotero bwalo.

Nutrikula amakhala mu Caribbean ndipo ali ang'ono kwambiri kukula - awiri a ambulera yake 5 mm.

chakuti modabwitsa hydroid wosafa, anadziwika mwangozi. Scientist Fernando Boero ku Italy anaphunzira hydroids ndi kumulondolera choti iwo. Zingapo anthu turitopsis nutrikula anaiika Aquarium, koma zinachitikira pazifukwa zina anachedwa umenewu nthawi yaitali, madzi wauma. Boero, waipeza, anaganiza zoyamba kuphunzira zotsalira zouma, ndipo ndinazindikira kuti iwo sanafe, koma anaponya tentacles ndi kukhala mphutsi. Choncho, modabwitsa ndinazolowera zikhalidwe chokhwima zachilengedwe ndi zakuklilals pokonzekera nthawi yabwino. Pambuyo mphutsi anaikidwa madzi anakhala ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono moyo mkombero wayamba.

Woopsawo oimira hydroid modabwitsa

The view wokongola kwambiri amatchedwa Chipwitikizi munthu (siphonophores Physalia) ndi m'modzi mwa zamoyo owopsa nyanja. belu shimmers ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga Okongola naye, koma kuyandikira kwa izo ali osavomerezeka. Physalia angapezeke pa gombe la Australia, ndi Pacific ndi nyanja ya Indian, ndipo ngakhale mu Mediterranean. Mwina izi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yaikulu ya hydroids - kuwira kutalika zikhoza kukhala 15-20 masentimita Koma chinthu choyipa - .. tentacles Ndi, amene angathe kupita akuya 30 mamita Physalia kuukira nyamazo chakupha maselo lobaya kuti kusiya zilonda zamoto. Makamaka oopsa kukumana chombo anthu Chipwitikizi amene kuchepa chitetezo, pali chizolowezi thupi lawo siligwirizana.

Nthawi zambiri, modabwitsa hydroid chabwinobwino, mosiyana ndi alongo awo stsifoidov. Koma zambiri ndi bwino musayandikire nthumwi aliyense wa mitundu. Onse a iwo adzalandira maselo lobaya. Munthu kutembenukira njoka awo si vuto, ndi munthu kadzakuipsani yaikulu kwambiri. Zidalira pa munthuyo.