Hungary: anthu ndi mitundu zikuchokera

Anthu ambiri a Hungary ndi mtundu titular - ndi Hungarians. chiwerengero chawo ndi wofanana ndi za 93% ya chiwerengero cha nzika za dziko lino.

Hungarians

anthu Chihangare (kudzikonda - Magyar) ali ndi mbiri chidwi kupanga yake. Akatswiri ndi akatswiriwa afike pomvetsetsa kuti kumudzi kwa mtundu ndi steppe Trans-Urals. Ndi apa zopezeka Ugric anthu lomwe kenako anaima ngati Khanty ndi Mansi (akukhala mu Western Siberia).

Magyar anakankhira chakumadzulo kusowa ndalama. Monga izo zachitika kangapo (ndipo adzakhala mu Ages Middle), kuthengo kum'mawa "mphukira" magulu ku Europe. Hungary, amene ali kunyumba kwa ana a wongosamukasamuka amene akuvutika ku nkhondo.

Poyamba, Hungarians anakakhala ku Black Sea steppes a Ukraine lero, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma IX anapita Transylvania. mtsogoleri wawo pa nthawi anali lodziwika bwino Prince Aripadi. Mamembala a ufumuwo analamulira Hungarians mpaka m'zaka XIV.

The Magyars anali pa dziko lakwawo mphatso zomwe anathamangitsidwa omwe ankakhala - ndi Asilavo ndi Avars. Posachedwapa wongosamukasamuka ndinazolowera okha ku zinthu zatsopano aliko, anatengera miyambo ya anthu oyandikana ndi anayamba kutsogolera ndi kuthetsedwa moyo. Komabe anthu pankhondo mantha maiko oyandikana mpaka kutembenukira ku Chikatolika. chiwerengero cha anthu Chihangare anayamba kukula chifukwa kupeza bata ndi mwamtendere.

Chiwerengero cha Austria-Hungary

Mu mochedwa Middle Ages Hungarians anakhala amadalira Austria. Olamulira banja lolamulira la Habsburg kudzera mabanja dynastic anagwirizana angapo limati dziko mu ufumu umene unakhalapo mpaka 1918. Chiwerengero cha Austria-Hungary akhala anamenyera ufulu wawo ndi kuteteza miyambo dziko. German ulamuliro akhala akuvutika kwambiri pambuyo 1848 zisinthe. Ndiye, kuti yimitsira ya Chihangare kulankhula Russian Mfumu Nicholas ndinatumiza asilikali kuthandiza banja lolamulira la Habsburg. Wodzilamulira sichinayambe analandira, koma ufumu wapawiri unakhazikitsidwa zaka zochepa. Hungarians ndi Austrians muli ufulu wofanana ndale zoweta. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kukula kwa chikumbumtima dziko, kukwezeleza chinenero, ndi zina zotero D..

mbali national

Dera la masiku ano Hungary (93,000 makilomita lalikulu) alibe zizigwirizana osiyanasiyana ake kuthetsa dziko lino. Mwachitsanzo, Romania walandira mu XX m'ma Transylvania, pamene pali ana ambiri Magyars. zaka zambiri aliko ulamuliro wa alendo sanaletse anthu abwino awo. The chinenero Chihangare n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi zinenero zina zambiri (Germany ndi Asilavo gulu) wapafupi. Germany Mwachitsanzo, zikuoneka kuti gibberish. chilankhulo amafananadi ndi zinenero za Finns, Estonians, Khanty ndi Mansi. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity, anthu anatenga zilembo Latin ndi makhalidwe ena omwe.

Hungary, amene anthu ndi homogeneous ndithu, lili pa nambala wachiwiri Habsburg Ufumu. Iwo anatsimikizira mwalamulo, pambuyo kusintha ambiri ndi mikangano ya XIX atumwi. Ngakhale boma umatchedwa Austria-Hungary, lomwe anatsindika udindo wa anthu awiri, pamene magulu ena ochepa (Czechs, Serbia, ndi zina bosniyy. D.) Anaonekera ngati mbali.

likulu

Zikomo mwayi mwamsanga kusanduka Hungary. Anthu anali koyefishienti mkulu kophunzira. kunyada Special mtundu wakhala likulu lake Budapest. Mpaka XIX atumwi ku maganizo a m'dziko European kum'mawa kwa Vienna ankaoneka zakutchire. stereotype Izi anawonongedwa pambuyo anaonekera Budapest. Hungary kwa nthawi yaitali analibe likulu yachibadwa chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Turkey ndi zomangamanga ofooka.

Komabe, mzinda watsopano, kupangidwa mu 1873 pambuyo pophatikizana a Buda ndi tizilombo, wakhala mzinda weniweni wa chi. Icho chinali chimake chikhalidwe cha mtundu, umene posachedwapa ufulu wodzilamulira pambuyo World nkhondo yoyamba mantha. Lero, Budapest ndi kunyumba kwa anthu 1.7 miliyoni (ichi ndi mzinda chiwiri waukulu mu Europe). Apa anabwera loyamba pamene London Mobisa.

mizinda ina

Other limati yaikulu ya dziko ali Debrecen, Miskolc, Pécs, Szeged. anthu awo ali kufanana ndi likulu la wongodzinenera ndi kufanana dziko. Chiwerengero cha anthu ranges 100 mpaka 200 zikwi. Map wa kachulukidwe anthu zikusonyeza momveka bwino kuti uniformly anagawira kudutsa dziko.

ochepa

Hungary, amene anthu unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo kusokonekera zambiri mbiri ndiponso ali lodziwika m'mafuko aang'ono. Iwo Roma, Germany, Ayuda Slovaks, Romanians, Serbia, ndi zina zotero .. okwana akuimira pafupifupi 10% ya chonse cha anthu.

Zimenezi zalongosoledwa mthunzi woyambawo Austria-Hungary, imene otentha cauldron zotsutsana dziko. Anthu ambiri mokakamiza anaphatikizana.

Yaikulu achipembedzo gulu - ndi Akatolika (za aliyense wokhala wachiwiri wa dziko malinga ndi kafukufuku maganizo). Ndi noticeable pamaso pa Achikalvini (15%), amene anaonekera mu dziko pambuyo Reformation European.

Ayuda amakonda Budapest. Hungary wakhala malo achitetezo kwa anthu awa. Mu oyandikana Russian Ufumu wa XIX m'ma mfundo odana ndi Ayuda zinachitikadi (yotuwa ya Kwawokhawokha, ndi zina zotero. D.) Kuti Ayuda ambiri amasamuka kwa Danube. Ammudzi Ayuda anali akumenya mwamphamvu pambuyo Nazi. Komanso, ambiri anasiya Israyeli utayambika boma mu Middle East.

Mu 1993, Hungary linavomereza lamulo ing'onoing'ono dziko. Iye anapatsa iwo onse a ufulu. kanthu chinajambulidwa pambuyo wagwa dongosolo chikominisi kuti zinkachitikanso ku mayiko onse a ku Ulaya Central, wagwidwa kanjira cha mphamvu ya Soviet Union.