Kodi HTTP chamutu?

Gwiritsani ntchito HTTP maheda pali kuuzana boma mudziwe pakati kasitomala ndi makina. Mfundozi losaoneka ndi owerenga, koma n'zosatheka popanda ntchito olondola a osatsegula. Kwa anthu wamba zambiri za izi ndi za ntchito HTTP maheda ngati m'malo yovuta, koma kwenikweni iwo mulibe chinenero chovuta. Ichi ndi chimene chayang'ana the web wosuta tsiku ndi tsiku.

ndi HTTP Kodi maheda?

"Hypertext Choka Protocol" - kotero anamasuliridwa HTTP chamutu. Chifukwa linakhalapo kwambiri, n'zotheka kugwirizanitsa "kasitomala-Seva". Ngati anafotokoza mawu osavuta, ndi osatsegula amatumiza pempho, kuyambitsa kugwirizana kwa makina. Last, ndi kusakhulupirika, akuyembekezera ndi pempho kwa kasitomala, njira iyo, ndi atautumizanso mwachidule kapena yankho. Mubokosi losakira, wosuta "hammering" malo adiresi kuti akuyamba ndi HTTP: // ndi zotsatira analandira mu mawonekedwe a tsamba chatsegulidwa.

Pamene makina ndi keyala mu mzere chogwirizana, osatsegula chofunika Seva ntchito DNS. Seva imazindikira HTTP chamutu (chimodzi kapena zingapo), zomwe amutumizila kasitomala, kenako zotuluka chamutu anapempha. Achikhalire imakhala ndi kuvomerezedwa maudindo analipo ndipo sanapezeke.

Ambiri, HTTP maheda mokwanira ogwira. Iwo sali kuonekera HTML-'kala' ikusonyeza, iwo wotumidwa kwa mfundo anapempha. maudindo ambiri amalowa anatumidwa ndi makina. Kuti tikutumiza izo mu Php, ntchito ntchito chamutu.

osatsegula mogwirizana ndi webusaiti

Chiwembu cha zimene zimachitika pakati pa osatsegula ndi malo ndi wosavuta. Choncho, HTTP chamutu akuyamba chingwe afunsa, amene anatumiza kwa makina. Poyankha, kasitomala akufuna abwera. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, HTTP protocol kwa zaka seventini - kwambiri ntchito pa Intaneti. Ndi yosavuta, wodalirika kudya mofewa. Waukulu ntchito HTTP - kupempha mfundo the web-Seva. Kasitomala ndi osatsegula ndi makina - ligthttp, Apache, nginx. Ngati kugwirizana pakati pawo ndi lopambana, Seva poyankha kafufuzidwe ndi akutenga mfundo ankafunila. HTTP mudziwe zikuphatikizapo malemba, zomvetsera owona, video.

protocol mwina zoyendera ena. pempho kasitomala tichipeza zigawo zitatu:

• poyambira mzere (uthenga mtundu);
• chamutu (options uthenga);
• thupi la mudziwe (a uthenga umene umawalekanitsa mzere losalembedwapo).

Chiyambi mzere - chinthu kuvomerezedwa chamutu minda ya pempho HTTP. Kapangidwe pempho me ndi zigawo zitatu:

1. Njira. Ndi umasonyeza mtundu wa pempho.
2. Njira (njira). Izi mzere wa ulalo, chomwe chimatsatira ankalamulira.
3. protocol ntchito. Amakhala ndi Baibulo la protocol ndi HTTP.

asakatuli Modern ntchito Baibulo 1.1. Otsatidwa ndi maudindo mu mtundu "dzina: phindu".

HTTP-caching

Mfundo yofunika ndi posungira amapereka yosungirako kwa HTML masamba ndi owona ena posungira (mu kukumbukira ukugwira ntchito pa galimoto anu). Izi kuti kufulumizitsa mwayi kwa iwo ndi kukonzanso kupulumutsa bandiwifi.

posungira ndi kasitomala osatsegula, ndi wapakatikati pachipata ndi tidzakulowereni Seva. Musanayambe kutumiza uthenga ulalo, osatsegula adzakhala tione zinthu mu posungira lapansi. Ngati chinthu palibe, pempho zimatumizidwa kwa Seva lotsatira, kumene kufufuzidwa caching HTTP maheda pa nginx Seva. Zipata ndi proxies ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, choncho posungira amagawidwa.

HTTP-caching sangathe kwambiri yekha kufulumizitsa ntchito malo, komanso kupereka Baibulo lakale la tsamba. Ndi malo posungira pamene kutumiza maheda pamene akuyankha. Izi sitingazimvetse Losungidwa mudziwe anapempha kudzera HTTPS.

Kufotokozera HTTP maheda

Chimodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri posungira ankaona HTTP maheda chimagwira. NKHANI awa malipoti tsiku lothera anapereka mfundo ayankhe. Zimasonyeza nthawi ndi tsiku pamene posungira ndi imatengedwa stale. Mwachitsanzo, chamutu monga motere: Itha: Wen, 30 Nov 2016 13:45:00 GMT. nyumba imeneyi ntchito kulikonse, kuphatikizapo masamba posungira ndi zithunzi. Ngati wosuta amasankha wachikulire tsiku uthengawu sati Losungidwa.

HTTP tidzakulowereni maheda ndi chamutu kugwirizana gulu. Iwo Losungidwa ndi kusakhulupirika. Kuti posungira ntchito bwino, aliyense ulalo zizigwirizana ndi chimake chimodzi cha nkhani. Ngati tsamba umakhala mu zinenero awiri Baibulo ayenera kukhala ulalo yake. Title zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi posungira ndikusaka dzina maheda. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwonetsera kafufuzidwe zimadalira osatsegula, makina ayenera kutumiza chamutu a. Choncho, posungira ndi kusungidwa Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana atafunsira ndi mitundu chikalata. TTP kuvomereza chamutu chofunika kuti akatunge mndandanda wa akamagwiritsa zotheka chuma ntchito, ndi siziwavuta ntchito ndi chifukwa kumatha zosafunika.

Pali magulu anayi a maheda kuti kudali pamwamba. Awa ndi m'manyuzipepala chachikulu - iwo ali mu Seva aliyense lipoti ndi kasitomala, pempho ndi Poyankha, komanso chikhalidwe. Yotsirizira limafotokoza zili mauthenga aliwonse kuchokera kasitomala ndi makina.

chamutu HTTP amati ndi chilolezo zina. Pamene ukonde-tsamba akufunsa kutsimikizika kasitomala, osatsegula akuonetsa zenera wapadera ndi minda alowe dzina wosuta achinsinsi. Pambuyo wosuta akulowa deta awo, osatsegula akutumiza pempho HTTP. Lili ndi udindo wa "chilolezo".

Kodi kuwona ponseponse?

Kuwona HTTP chamutu, muyenera kuika pulagi-ins kwa osatsegula Mwachitsanzo, Firefox:

• Firebug. View m'manyuzipepala, mukhoza tsamba ukonde (maukonde), kumene kusankha onse (onse). pulogalamu yowonjezera Izi ndi zinthu zimene zidzakhala zothandiza kutukula intaneti.
• Live HTTP maheda. Zambiri pulagi-mu kwa kuonera HTTP maheda. Nazo ikhoza kupangidwa pamanja kuitanitsa.
• Anthu Ghrome kuona ponseponse pamene iwo dinani zoikamo batani, kusankha Wolemba Mapulogalamu Zida (ukonde ntchito).

Pamene pulagi-ins amene anaika, kuthamanga ndi polimbikitsa wanu osatsegula.

njira kafufuzidwe

The njira ntchito HTTP, ndi kufanana ndi malangizo omwe opatsirana mu mawonekedwe a mauthenga pa makina. Izi ndi mawu wapadera mu Chingerezi.

• IWE njira. Izo ntchito kuitanitsa zambiri kuchokera ku gwero la. Zinali ndi zonse zimene kuyamba.
• POST. Ntchito kuuzenga kuti. Mwachitsanzo, uthenga pa Intaneti chikhalidwe kapena ndemanga, osatsegula amayika POST-pempho thupi ndi akutumiza izo pa makina.
• MUTU. Njira lofanana ndi loyambali, koma imagwira ntchito m'mapapo mwanga. Iye akufunsa kokha pambuyo-deta, kupatula pa uthenga ayankhe. Njira ntchito, ngati iwo akufuna kudziwa pa owona popanda otsitsira. Ntchito ngati mukufuna kuyesa magwiridwe a maulalo pa makina.
• Muike. Imangolongeza deta pa ulalo. Iwo transmits yambiri deta.
• Mungasankhe. Kugwira ntchito ndi masanjidwe Seva.
• Uri. Limati ndalama ndipo lili ulalo.

Kapangidwe HTTP ayankhe

Seva kuyankha zopempha kasitomala ndi mauthenga yaitali. Yankho imakhala mizere ochepa, omwe amasonyeza protocol Baibulo, Seva udindo malamulo (200). Akukamba za zomwe zasintha pa makina kwa processing wa pempho ukubwera:

1. "Chikwi" udindo amasonyeza processing bwino nkhani. Seva ndiye amatumiza chikalatacho kwa kasitomala. Onse a mizere pempho amasonyeza mfundo zina za mfundo opatsirana.
2. Ngati wapamwamba sapezeka kapena kulibe, makina atumiza kwa kasitomala 404, limatchedwanso kulakwitsa.
3. Code 206 limasonyeza tsankho file otsitsira, sipangakhalenso adapitiriza patapita kanthawi.
4. Code 401 limasonyeza chakuti chilolezo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tsamba anapempha zimatetezedwa ndi achinsinsi kuti ayenera kulowa kutsimikiza kulowa lapansi.
5. Lamulo la kuloŵa, anati kachidindo 403. Malamulo oletsa maganizo, kukopera kapena kanema - kuyankha wamba pa Intaneti.
6. Palinso Mabaibulo ena za ndondomekozi: kayendedwe zosakhalitsa wapamwamba anapempha, eni Seva zolakwa, kayendedwe komaliza. Pankhaniyi, wosuta adzakhala kunam'sintha. Ngati kachidindo 500, kutanthauza kuti panali zolephera ntchito makina.

Ulalo - ndichiyani?

Ulalo - ndi mtima wa ukonde wa mgwirizano pakati pa kasitomala ndi makina. pempho A nthawi anatumiza kudzera ulalo - yunifolomu locator gwero. pempho url kapangidwe ndi yosavuta. Amakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: HTTP protocol (chamutu), hoot (webusaiti adiresi), doko, resourte njira ndi funso.

protocol The likupezeka pa kugwirizana otetezeka https ndi nzeru zambiri. Ulalo-adiresi lili ndi mfundo za mayikidwe a malo makamaka pa Intaneti. Adiresi zikuphatikizapo dzina ankalamulira, njira tsambali, komanso dzina lake.

The drawback yaikulu ya ntchito ulalo - ndi anzake womangika ndi zilembo Latin, komanso manambala ndi zizindikiro. The SEO kukhathamiritsa url adiresi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Malangizo

Yogwira owerenga kompyuta ndi kutukula si malo timudziwe bwino malangizo akatswiri kwapatsidwa mwa akatswiri a:

• Lembani atapita masiku owona ndi zikalata phunziro kwa zosintha. mudziwe Statistical amaperekedwa mu makhalidwe a Max-zaka.
• A chikalata osiyana ayenera kupezeka kwa ulalowu chimodzi chokha.
• Ngati file pomwe kuti dawunilodi ndi wosuta, kusintha dzina ndi akulumikiza izo. Izi zipangitsa kuti Download chatsopano osati chikalata chakale.
• Last-Machitidwe ogwirizira maheda ayenera kutsatira tsiku lino za kusintha lomaliza zili. Sayenera resave masamba ndi zikalata, ngati inu kusintha iwo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito POST-pempho kokha kumene akufunika. Kuchepetsa ntchito ndi SSL.
• Maheda asanawatumizire Seva ayenera fufuzani pulogalamu yowonjezera REDbot.