"Hero Nthawi": nkhani-mtsutsano. Buku "A Hero Nthawi" Lermontov

Tonse analemba ana kusukulu nkhani "Hero Nthawi" pa buku ndi Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova, koma ophunzira ambiri osati kuganiza za zolinga za wolemba mbiri ntchito. Kukangana mwachikulu, ana ena asukulu amatha kumvetsa zovuta zokumana maganizo a akulu. Choncho, mankhwala chakale, pa dzanja limodzi - losavuta, koma ena - kwambiri, m'pofunika kubwerera mu zaka okhwima, ndipo kupendanso, kupeza wamba kapena mosiyana ndi ena, dziko lapansi, chilengedwe chonse ...

Kubadwa kwa mtundu wanyimbo ndi

Tinachita "Hero Nthawi" anali woyamba prose buku, zinalembedwa kalembedwe Kuzindikira chikhalidwe ndi maganizo. Makhalidwe ndi nzeru zaumunthu ntchito ali Kuwonjezera pa mbiri ya chikhalidwe chachikulu imafotokoza yowala ndi chogwirizana cha moyo mu Russia zaka 30 za m'ma XIX. Zinali ngati luso komanso mu nkhani za mtundu wanyimbo kwa wolemba, monga nthawi ya mtundu wanyimbo monga "buku" kulibe. Lermontov kenako anavomereza kuti analemba buku "Hero Nthawi," zimene zimachitikadi Pushkin a mabuku ndi mwambo wa Ulaya. chikoka Izi zimaoneka mawu a chikondi buku.

kulemba ANAKULIRA

Mu 1832 Lermontov analemba ndakatulo, "Ndikufuna moyo! Ndikufuna chisoni ... "Kodi mnyamata kotero wosimidwa ndi kukhwima wamaganizo, masomphenya ndi mogometsa chonchi chilakolako amavutitsa kuti mphepo? Mwina izi kakasi moyo otsimikiza ali chidwi mibadwo ambiri owerenga akupangitsa ndakatulo ya Lermontov a masiku ano? Maganizo za chilakolako cha mkuntho ndi kutuluka mu ndakatulo "kupalasa", zinalembedwa chaka chomwecho: "Ndipo, wopandukayo, akufunsa mkuntho ngati mphepo ndi mtendere!" Chi, pafupifupi zaka Wake womwewo, Herzen analankhula za m'badwo wake ngati "poizoni kuyambira ukhanda."

Kumvetsa Mawu amenewa ayenera kukumbukira, kodi nyengo anali kukhala Lermontov, ndi nthawi, imene anasonyeza kenako mu buku "A Hero Nthawi". Nkhani buku yake imayamba ndi Khadili ndakatulo choyambirira cha ndakatulo iyi, chifukwa iwo amationa maziko zimene zinachititsa wolemba kulenga mankhwala apadera.

Youth Lermontov anafika pa nthawi imene anali wachisoni kwambiri m'mbiri Russian. December 14, 1825 pa Senate Square mu St. Petersburg anali kugalukira wa Decembrists, imene inatha mu kugonja. The okonza chiwembu cha anapachikidwa, ophunzira anatumizidwa kwa zaka twente-faifi ukapolo ku Siberia. Anzanu Lermontov Mosiyana anzawo Pushkina, chakula chikhalidwe cha kuponderezedwa. Iwo ayenera kuganizira asukulu ano, akukonzekera nkhani pa nkhaniyi.

"Hero Nthawi"

Lermontov anapatsa ngwazi "Chikondi choopsa ponena za kukhala" a m'nthawi yake. Pamene atsogoleri a asilikali ankaimba udindo wa yimitsira anthu, oweruza ankafunika consummate osalungama bwalo andakatulo - pakuti ulemerero wa mfumu. Ndili chikhalidwe cha mantha, kukayikirana, chiyembekezo. Mu unyamata wake, wolemba ndakatulo kunalibe kuwala ndi chikhulupiriro. Iye anakulira mu chipululu wauzimu, ndipo nthawi zonse kuyesera kuti abuluke mu izo.

Mu ndakatulo "Monologue" ndi mzere: "Pakati mikuntho ya akuvutika tidzikhuthule achinyamata athu ..." Ndi kukhulupirira kuti woyambitsa wa ntchito ndakatulo anali ndi zaka 15 zokha! Koma izi zinali wamba wachinyamata mtima woipa. Lermontov akhoza kufotokoza, koma anali kuyambira kuzindikira kuti munthu amene sangathe kuchita, kukhala osangalala. zaka khumi pambuyo "Monologue" iye analemba buku "A Hero Nthawi". The kulemba pa nkhani imeneyi ayenera muli mfundo za nthawi panopa ndi malo a munthu mwa iye. Ilo liri mu "Hero Nthawi," wolemba anafotokoza zamaganizo a mbadwo zake ndi kusonyeza chiyembekezo, omwe wathedwa anzake.

kulemba nkhani

Polemba essays n'zomveka amanena kuti Lermontov anayamba kulemba buku mu 1838 atamwa zidindo Caucasus. Poyamba sanali ngakhale buku, ndi nkhani payekha, mbali yaikulu pamodzi. Mu 1839, magazini "Mfundo za Lathu" inanena kuti M. Lermontov kukonzekera kusindikiza lanyimbo wake yochepa. Aliyense wa nkhani izi zinali zochokera wina mwambo zolembalemba: "Bella" linalembedwa mu kalembedwe nkhani apaulendo, "Mfumukazi Mary" - mu mwambo wa nkhani yakale, "Taman" - mu mzimu wa m'nyimbo buku, "The Fatalist" - mwa unsembe wa "nkhani ya nkhani zachinsinsi "umene unali wotchuka mu 1830s ndi. Kenako nkhani izi adzabadwa zonse kunachitika buku "Hero Nthawi".

The kulemba-mkangano mwachidule kukhala wodzilemekeza zochitika anafotokoza mu buku "Mfumukazi Ligovskoy" (1836). Ntchito imeneyi lodziwika ndi thematically yoyamba "Hero". Kumeneko, kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo anaonekera Pechorin alonda Ofisala, amene anali mu chikondi ndi Mfumukazi Vera LIGOVSKY. A mutu osiyana "Taman" linalembedwa mu 1837, kuwonekera ngati kupitiriza "The Mfumukazi Ligovski". Ntchito zonsezi zokhudzana ndi mzake ndi chimodzi umoyo-nthanthi mzere, lingaliro limodzi ndi lathu mtundu wanyimbo.

kusintha mkonzi

zikuchokera buku "A Hero Nthawi" lasinthidwa mu Baibulo latsopano. Kalembedwe tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndizipeza dongosolo la kulemba: nkhaniyo "Bel" anali mutu oyamba a buku, ilo Pambuyo "Maksim Maksimych" ndi "Mfumukazi Mary". Kenako, woyamba nkhani awiri ophatikizana mutu "Kuchokera kapitawo zolemba za» nakhala gawo atongi wa buku, ndi gawo lachiwiri anali "Mfumukazi Mary". Iwo anali pakati kukapereka Anayesetsa "kuulula" wa protagonist lapansi. Pa August-September 1839 Lermontov anaganiza kwathunthu kachiwiri kulemba zonse kupatula mutu "Bella", omwe panthawiyo anali kale lofalitsidwa. Ndi panthawi imeneyi ya ntchito mu mutu "fatalist" anakhala buku.

Mu Baibulo loyambirira la buku la ndinali dzina "Chimodzi mwa ngwazi za m'ma." Mpheroyi magawo anayi - nkhani anayi osiyana, koma mu mphamvu ya buku mwa wolemba yekha anagawa yekha pawiri. Mbali yoyamba - anati alonda owerenga, wachiwiri - khalidwe cholemba. Oyamba "fatalist" mutu chinakula nthanthi mtsinje wa ntchito. Kuswa buku mbali Lermontov sikuti amafuna kusunga dongosolo la zochitika, cholinga kotheka kuti awulule moyo wa protagonist ndi moyo wa anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo lovutali.

Pakutha 1839 G. M. Lermontov amalenga Baibulo chomaliza cha buku, kuti zikuphatikizapo "Taman" mutu ndi kusintha zikuchokera mankhwala. Buku akuyamba mutu "Bela", adadza "Maksim Maksimych." Zolemba protagonist, Pechorin, tsopano wayamba mutu "Taman" ndipo pomalizira "ndi fatalist." kunalinso odziwika bwino "Pechorin magazini" Mu kope chomwecho. Choncho, buku tichipeza machaputala asanu, ndipo pali dzina latsopano: buku "A Hero Nthawi".

Kodi wamba pakati Onegin ndi Pechorin

Dzina lotsiriza la protagonist cha buku la zogwirizana iye ndi Pushkin a Evgeniem Oneginym. Pechorin labambo likuchokera ku dzina lalikulu Russian Pechora Mtsinje, lili Onega (choncho, monga taonera kale, ndipo dzina Onegin). Ndipo ubwenzi umenewu si imodzi.

Zotsatirazi A. Pushkin Lermontov amatanthauza chifanizo cha chi wake ndi kusanthula tsogolo lake mwa mawu a nthawi zawo. Lermontov ngakhale mapeto a zinsinsi za moyo wa ngwazi za, kuwonjezera zamaganizo a ntchito ndi kukhathamitsa ndi zakuya nthanthi kusinkhasinkha makhalidwe abwino a anthu.

polemba chinenero chilichonse

"Hero Nthawi" - nkhani-mfundo woyamba makhalidwe ndi maganizo prose buku mabuku Russian. Ndi mtundu wa buku ziriri, yomwe imayang'ana kuthetsa wolemba nkhani zokhudza makhalidwe abwino amene amafuna mozama kusanthula maganizo.

Mu buku la limafotokoza wolemba ndi chi kwa nthawi, khalidwe zikuyenela zofunika: zabwino ndi zoipa, chikondi ndi ubwenzi, ndipo imfa ndi chipembedzo, kuikidwa kwa munthu ndi ufulu wa chifuniro. Psychology ntchito ndi Lermontov akunena za umunthu wa ngwazi, zimene wake wauzimu. owerenga limaoneka "maliseche" moyo Pechorin. Buku "Hero Nthawi" - mbiriyakale ya moyo wake.

mbali mankhwala

Author kangapo anasintha zikuchokera kwathunthu kutsegula chachikulu vuto - ndikuchilakalaka wauzimu wa ngwazi wa. Ndicho lonse Lermontov. "Hero Nthawi", mfundo yaikulu ya zomwe zimaoneka mu kufotokoza zochitika moyo ndi amazipotokola mu tsoka khalidwe waukulu, kwathunthu wopanda limafotokozera iliyonse. funso n'lakuti: chifukwa wolemba satsatira ndondomeko ya nthawi imene mu dongosolo la chaputala? Mumve kusatsatira chifukwa zifukwa zingapo.

• Choyamba, mu buku pali zinthu za Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: zolemba, tsikulo, nkhani yakale, essays ndi zina zotero.
• Kachiwiri, wolemba ayesera chidwi owerenga, kuchita "ulendo" mu kuwerenga maganizo a ngwazi, kuti kumiza owerenga mu kuya kwa dziko lamkati la munthuyo.

Chifukwa cha zovuta ndi "malinga" kapangidwe ntchito mu buku narrators angapo Machaputala - a. Mwachitsanzo, mu mutu wakuti "Bella" za njira za zochitika, owerenga tingaphunzire pa nkhani Maksima Maksimovicha (Maksimych), mu "limakhulupirira Maksimych" nkhani ndi wapolisi, mutu wa "Taman", "Mfumukazi Mary," "fatalist" anapereka mu mawonekedwe magazini ndi zolemba za protagonist ndi . Ndiko kuti, owerenga mwiniyo Pechorin. Mafomu magazini ndi zolemba kulola wolemba osati ri moyo wa ngwazi, komanso ndi kudzipenda zakuya za munthu.

Pechorin ndi Bella: mphwayi ndi chikondi

Ndi chikhalidwe cha Pechorin anali adventurer. Kodi aliyense kuti afotokoze zimene zinachitika pamene Azamat, mwana wa mmodzi mwa akalonga m'deralo, kubedwa mlongo Bela ndi Pechorin anabweretsa, ndipo poyankha Azamat Petchorin abera kavalo ku Kazbich? The ngwazi satopa kupereka mkazi wanu mphatso za mtengo wapatali kuposa kenako sanakondwere naye. Iye chidwi kunyada kwake ndi kusamvera.

Ngati ife kulankhula za mphamvu ya mphamvu, kapena kubwerera chikondi unrequited, sympathies ndi Lermontov ali ndi Bela - iye ankakonda Petchorin kwenikweni. Koma mbali yaikulu ankaoneka akazitumiza, iye sakanakhoza kuona ngati mtsikana akukumana maganizo enieni ndi chilakolako Povunduka moyo ndi thupi. Ndi tsoka la ngwazi za - sanathe kwambiri chisoni. Mu gulu mwachikondi Pechorin Bela-anaika nkhani nkhani. "Hero Nthawi" muli zambiri mphindi zosonyeza luso protagonist kwa maganizo. Iwo pechorin kudziwa chikuchititsa kusakondwa ena, koma samamvetsa chavuta. Chifukwa zimene zinamuchitikira onse kusanduka kunyong'onyeka, wachabechabe wauzimu ndi kukhumudwa.

Komabe, kulankhula za callousness wathunthu Sikuti. Pamene Bela anafa imfa yoipa, ndi chisoni kwa iye, osati pa limakhulupirira Maksimych ndi kuwerenga. Iye anakhala "wotumbululuka monga pepala," Mu mphindi yotsiriza ya moyo Bely Pechorin. Ndipo kenako "kukhala nthawi yaitali kudwala, kutayika wosawuka ..." Anamva tchimo lake kutsogolo kwake, koma ankayesetsa kubisa maganizo awo mkati mwake. Mwina ndicho chifukwa chake kunabuka "kuseka zachilendo," kotero mantha limakhulupirira Maksimych. Ambiri mwina, zinali ngati kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha. Choncho akanatha kuchita chenicheni chokhacho "ngwazi za nthawi yathu." Zolemba za khalidwe lake makhalidwe wolemba anali pafupi - anakhala pafupi ndi mbali anthu pambali tsiku lililonse. owerenga amaona kanthu mwa maso a owerenga Pechorin limakhulupirira Maksimych, koma samamvetsa zifukwa zimenezi.

Maxima Maksimych ubale kwa Petchorin

"Iye chotero pang'ono woyera, yunifolomu kwa iye newcomer, ndinaganiza kuti iye anali mu Caucasus, tili posachedwapa" - anapenya Pechorina Maksim Maksimych. Pa mawu izo ankaona kuti owerenga ngati Pechorin. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi mawu kuchokera diminutive chikondi suffix ntchito ndi owerenga, ndi mau oti "zabwino uyo anali ...".

Mu buku "Hero Nthawi," nkhani za moyo Pechorin N'kutheka kuti linalembedwa ndi umodzi buku Mipikisano tsamba - kotero maganizo, zokongola ndi fano kwambiri anauika kuti wolemba. Petchorin kusiyana ndi ena mwa makhalidwe awo: poyankha kusintha kutentha, pallor mwadzidzidzi, ndipo mosayembekezereka yaitali chete kulankhulalankhula. Chifukwa cha izi "zachilendo" zizindikiro za nthawi zakale limakhulupirira Maksimych Petchorin ankaona zachilendo.

Maksimych kumvetsa maganizo, yotengeka ndi achinyamata Pechorin Komabe, iye ankaona kuti n'koyenera kubwerera msungwana kwa atate wake, ngakhale mwamphamvu Ufumuyo Bela, kulemekeza kunyada kwake ndi kudziletsa. Komabe, iye nayenso anali ndi mawu akuti: "Pali anthu amene muyenera ndithudi zoona." Maksim Maksimych ankaganizira Pechorin, amene anali ndi makhalidwe amphamvu ndipo anali wokhoza kuti agonjetse chifuniro cha zonse.

kukoma kwa chilengedwe

Lermontov mu prose Russian - mmodzi wa olemba woyamba amene chikhalidwe si anabala zokongola, koma ngwazi zonse kunachitika wa nkhani. Amadziwika kuti wolemba chidwi ndi kukongola kwa Caucasus, ukulu wake ndi ukulu. Roman Lermontova "Hero Nthawi" limangolembedwa litadzala ndi zojambula za chikhalidwe - Wild, koma wokongola. Monga tanenera otsutsa angapo, kuti Lermontov ntchito ndi olemba ena maganizo oti "humanization a chilengedwe" anali woyamba anawonjezera "anthu oprirozhivanie". Special njira luso ku malongosoledwe a chikhalidwe kutisonyeza malamulo kuthengo imene anthu anakhala mapiri. Kulondola ku malongosoledwe a mtundu ndi kunyezimira kwa Caucasus ndi zithunzi zosiyana pandekha lolembedwa ndi M. Yu. Lermontovym.

anapezazo

Choncho, chotsatira cha "Hero Nthawi" - ali mutu wa buku loyamba zomwenso zake zonse kunama tayi. Pechorin - m'badwo kutengera. Sitingathe kunena kuti anthu onse anathamangira mu zotichitikira wauzimu, anadwala chisokonezo, mizimu yawo idawumitsidwa. The protagonist ndiwo nzika osati, monga nyengo - kuipidwa, pa nthawi nkhanza anthu, koma nthawi yomweyo amphamvu ndi olimba wofuna. Izi ndi zimene muyenera kukumbukira pokonzekera nkhani "Hero Nthawi". Lermontov kwakukuru zoperekedwa zinkakhalira anthu m'mbiri ya ngwazi ya.