Hayala - mtundu wa kayendedwe, ambiri mu Asia

Hayala - mtundu wa kayendedwe, ambiri South ndi Asia East. Ndi ngolo (zambiri ziwiri gudumu), yomwe imakoka migodi munthu. yotsirizira amatchedwanso ndi njinga. Monga ulamuliro, ngolo lakonzedwa kuti mmodzi kapena awiri. Tsopano inu mukudziwa tanthauzo la mawu akuti "njinga". Ndi pansi, ife kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri ya zikamera wa mtundu uwu zoyendera.

Baibulo loyamba

Similar njinga ngolo anali ofanana kwambiri Paris mu zaka XVII-XVIII. Mu 1707, wa zojambula Klod Zhillo ankafotokozedwa mtundu zoyendera mu chithunzi azithunzithunzi. Koma posakhalitsa ngolo mwa ntchito. 1860-1870-ntchentche - mzere pamene ku Japan kumayiko Asian yafalikira fomu iyi zoyendera monga njinga a. Kutulukira Izi analemba American mmishonale Jonathan Goble (Scobey). Iye anabwera ndi stroller ndi kunyamula mkazi wake odwala.

Baibulo yachiwiri

Pali nkhani ina mmene panali njinga. Zimenezi zinachitika Tokyo mu 1870. Chikuku anatulukira Japanese atatu - Kosuke Takayama, Tokujiro Suzuki ndi Yosuke Izumi. Iwo ali chilolezo boma osati kwa kupanga, komanso malonda a ngolo. Maonekedwe a njinga ku Japan chifukwa chikoka Western, amene chawonjezeka kangapo 1868, pambuyo Meiji utasintha. M'mizinda kwambiri adakula mayendedwe a moyo chawonjezeka ndi kufunika kwa anthu mu kusala avundulidwe. Kugwiritsa zoyandama anatsimikizira osakwanira. Iwo anafuna odikira awiri ndi m'malo wosakwiya ukusuntha. Ndipo akavalo zili asamalidwe kangapo mtengo kwambiri.

Mu 1872, ku likulu la Japan, pali kale 40 zikwi njinga, ndipo mu 1896 - 210. Komanso anayamba kufala awo ku mayiko ena (China, India, etc.). Komabe, mkubwela kwa chiwerengero galimoto utachepa zonse. Mu 1938, 13 zikwi anatsala Japan. Pambuyo World nkhondo II, anawonongera chilengedwe, kuti misewu kumbuyo ena a njinga, koma osati kwa nthawi yaitali. Tsopano m'mayiko ambiri njinga - mchitidwe makampani alendo.

Pomaliza

Mu zaka unawonongedwa zifukwa sayansi ndi chuma, mawonekedwe zoyendera anayamba pang'onopang'ono kutha. Ndipo m'mayiko ndi njinga wosakwiya kukula zachuma zambiri limaletsa zitsulo monga malodza wabwino ndi otsika umoyo wa mavutowo. Choncho mu 1949, iwo mbisoweka ku China. Ndipo mu 1972, kuletsa maonekedwe a ngolo pa m'misewu ikuluikulu ya Calcutta (India). Patapita zaka khumi, akuluakulu a mzinda kuti kugwidwa ndi kuwononga 12 zikwi ngolo. Ngakhale izi, malinga ndi 1992, ku Calcutta, izo ntchito za 30,000 njinga. Mu 2005, West Bengal makonzedwe analengeza cholinga chake kumaliza kuletsa a mtundu umenewu zoyendera kuposa zinayambitsa zionetsero m'misewu ndi kunyanyala.