Dongosolo AB0 ndi cholowa cha magulu magazi anthu

Kuti ndi amaimira magazi gulu, muyenera kudziwa!

Antigens dongosolo la mwazi

Kapangidwe antigenic wa thupi zovuta kwambiri. Only magazi sayansi yamakono anapeza mazana asanu antigens, ogwirizana 40 machitidwe antigenic: MNSs, AB0, Kell, Duffi, Luteran, Lewis neri Al.

Aliyense wa kachitidwe antigens izi chibadwa anatengera ndiyotengera majini allelic. Pakuti kuphweka, iwo anawagawa plasma ndi ma. Pakuti hematology ndi magazi zofunika kwambiri ndi selo antigens (mankhwalawa, kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi ndi leukocyte), chifukwa ali ndi immunogenicity (mphamvu kupangira munthu amene m'thupi), choncho atakwatirana ndi kuikidwa antigens maselo a magazi a chiopsezo mantha hematogenous kapena DIC ndi koopsya. antigens magazi zigwirizana zigawo ziwiri: ndi antigenic determinant, kudziŵa immunogenicity wa hapten ndipo "weighting" Antigen ndi liwulo ntchito serological.

Mbali yoyamba ndi zenizeni kwambiri kwa aliyense Antigen, choncho kusiyanitsa iwo Chrixitu. Choncho, dongosolo chimasiyanitsa 0 AB0 Antigen fucose Antigen A - N-ftsetilglyukozamin ndi Antigen B - galactose. determinants awa amagwira ndi chitetezo pa chitukuko cha zimene m'thupi. antigens awa n'komwe pamene magazi, komanso pamene kuwerenga cholowa zotheka a magulu magazi.

dongosolo AB0 ndi cholowa chake

ndipo agglutinogens (erythrocyte guluu wolimba zinthu - A ndi B) - Mu koma 1901 godu zinthu waluso agglutinate erythrocytes wina ndi mzake, ndipo amatchedwa agglutinins (α ndi β agglutination plasma zinthu) apezeka mwazi wa munthu. Malinga ndi dongosolo, asayansi J. Jansky ndi Karl Landsteiner anagawa anthu onse m'magulu 4, iwo amagwiritsidwa masamu ndi cholowa cha magulu magazi anthu. Kotero, ine gulu magazi ndi anthu amene alibe magazi agglutinogen, koma plasma uli ndi agglutinin. magazi awo ndiwo amaimira αβ kapena 0. Anthu II gulu magazi ndi agglutinin agglutinogen ndi β (Aβ kapena A0), anthu ndi gulu III M'malo mwake, kuti agglutinogen agglutinin B ndipo α (Bα kapena B0), ndipo IV grupa magazi amakhala ndi munthu onse erythrocytes agglutinogens A ndi B (AB), mmene agglutinins kwina. Iwo anafotokozedwa ndi njira yosavuta zasayansi ntchito yapadera muyezo Sera. Popeza agglutinogen onse amphamvu cholowa kwa mmodzi wa antigens ndi, i.e., cholowa cha magazi umayenda mofanana. Gulu la magazi tsogolo mwana nthawi zonse kapadera ndi Mwina 100, 50 kapena 25% pa osakanizidwa osiyana a magulu mwazi wa makolo. Choncho, podziwa antigens awo cholowa magazi gulu la ana Tingaone mu tebulo zotsatirazi.

No zofunika zochepa kudziwa mtundu ndi RH chinthu, chifukwa ndi zofunika Komanso ngakhale a magulu magazi mu magazi. Mwachitsanzo, RH zabwino magazi (RH +), mungathe kuthira wodwala ndi RH alibe (Rh-) magazi kamodzi kokha moyo ndi zovuta kwambiri, monga kuika woyamba chidzasintha RH chitetezo, amene adamulowetsa pamene kuikidwa chachiwiri (ndi wolandira wa chiopsezo imfa ndi magazi mantha). N'chimodzimodzinso ndi rhesus nkhondo ndi pakati pa mwana wosabadwayo ndi magazi RH HIV kuchokera RH + Rh- mayi ndi bambo, kotero ndikofunika kuwerengera cholowa cha gulu magazi a mwanayo.