Detinets: icho ndi chomwe iye anali kutanthauza moyo mu mzinda ndi momwe masiku ano?

Kuti tiyankhe funso, kodi Detinets, zosavuta. Chapakati, mbali yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba ya mzinda Russia wakale, anadzatchedwa boma la Russia.

kutanthauza Detinets

Kuwonekera mu mbiri kuchokera 1097, Mau chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Mu 1317, pamene malongosoledwe a yomanga Tver anali anazindikira dzina latsopano la mzindawo - boma la Russia, mofulumira anakhala yapamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe Detinets, anayamba kutha kwa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, na ciyezezo palimodzi.

Kumenyana tanthauzo citadel

Old Russian boma, yomwe ili njira "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki", ali gawo wokongola kwa anthu achilendo ambiri achilendo. kusagwirizana Internal anali kuthetsedwa komanso kudzera asilikali. Anthu amene nthawi pamaso pa asilikali ndi chitetezo imapanga kuthetsa anali kwenikweni nkhani ya kupulumuka.

The kufikako kwambiri pa malo mdani, Chilwa pamwamba ndi otsala moats ndi matabwa stockade - ndi Detinets. Ndi eg amenewa akhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali kusunga chitetezo, kubisala kuseri kwa mpanda wa anthu mzinda, mosakayikira.

Anyamata ndi ubwana kuphunzitsidwanso maziko a nkhondo, zida chuma, mosaganizira mtundu wa ntchito m'tsogolo. Kuteteza midzi, ndipo kenako mumzindawo atadzuka dziko lonse.

wamba citadel

anansi kumpoto lotchedwa Russian dziko "Gardariki" kuti ndi dziko ndi zambiri mizinda likulu lake mu Veliky Novgorod.

Ndipo mzindawo unali kwenikweni kwambiri. Unagawanika pa fiefdoms, Russ osadziwa kasamalidwe limodzi, kukhala zonse mu mkhalidwe nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Akalonga ndi ana awo ambiri, analandira mu ulamuliro wa dziko, anapanga mzinda kwawo okhala ndi mpanda wolimba kuteteza cholowa chawo.

Choyamba, Ine anamanga Detinets. Kuona malo ake azikuuzani zinthu zachilengedwe. Kumalo okwezeka ndi mtsinje - ndi zofunikira kuti maonekedwe ake. Kukhala malo achitetezo a mphamvu kalonga, izo linadzazidwa makamaka olemekezeka ndi nzika olemera. Akalonga, olemekezeka, atsogoleri anamangidwira pano zipinda zawo ndi nyumba zachifumu, iwo adamtumikira atumiki ambiri.

Koma mzindawo unali wotseguka kwa amisiri ndi anthu amalonda, amene anatambasula pano kufufuza ntchito ndi kuwateteza. Trade anali makamaka m'mbali mwa mtsinjewo. Tillers anakakhala wa kunja kwa kapena kunja kwa mpanda wa mzinda, pafupi ndi magawo awo.

m'tawuni anakula mozungulira, agwilitse m'dera lonse la linga, ndiyeno kutuluka ndi kupitirira. Center wa moyo mzinda, mu mawonekedwe ake onse, anakhala Detinets. Kodi zofunika kwambiri pa malo mphamvu ndi chuma, n'zosadabwitsa. Ndi misewu awo ndi madera kugula, iwo unali mzinda mu mzinda.

Tanthauzo lauzimu la citadel ndi

Mpingo mu Detinets anamanga imodzi ndi mpanda. Mothandizidwa ndi Mulungu ndi nzika anamanga mzinda wawo, ndipo kumbuyo iye. Midzi kukwawira padziko citadel ndi anamangidwira ndi mipingo ina yambiri, koma mzindawo mpingo waukulu Anakhalabe kuti anali mkati mpanda.

Pambali pake selilos atsogoleri apamwamba a mzindawo, ulemerero wa makachisi sanalekerere ndalama. N'kumene anali nsanja Kumwambamwamba, amene anali ngati onse nsanja psuu. Ndipo apa ife anapita ku pemphero pokonzekera adani.

Novgorod Kremlin

Boma la Russia mu Veliky Novgorod - ndi boma la Russia akale Russia, sipangakhalenso anafika lero. Adapulumutsa osati makoma, nsanja ndi nyumba, ndiwo manda mtengo wapatali kwambiri, komanso dzina wapachiyambi.

Mbiri kuti mu 1044 pa mtsinje Volkhov Yaroslavovich Prince Vladimir (mwana wa Yaroslava Mudrogo) anayamba kumanga Detinets. Kodi dongosolo la muyaya malo amodzi kwa pafupifupi zaka chikwi, palibe amene akanakhoza kulingalira.

Patapita chaka chimodzi, ntchito yomanga inayamba waukulu Novgorod Cathedral - Sophia Church, omwe anali opatulidwira ku zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Stone Church, utoto zaka pambuyo yomanga, iwo anapitiriza mbali yaing'ono ya frescoes ndi masiku ano. Mbali yaikulu ya pachithunzipa - m'ma dzana. Today - tchalitchi chachikulu cha Novgorod Metropolitan Church.

Detinets matabwa kuwotchedwa ndi kumangidwanso, koma zaka za vuto ndi Kuwasiya iye. Lero tikuona mwala khoma kutalika mamita 8-15; 9 nsanja 12; Episcopal (Faceted) Komiti ya atumwi XV; ena zipilala wakale.

Malo chapakati mu boma la Russia lalikulu ndi chipilala kuti Millennium la Russia, anaperekedwa mu 1862.

Nyumba mu 1865 akutenga Novgorod Museum Reserve, ambiri expositions ndi zisudzo amene ali lotseguka kwa alendo. Masiku ano, pali dera sayansi laibulale, nyimbo sukulu, konsati holo. nzika amakhulupirira kuti malo abwino mu Novgorod - ndi Detinets awo kuti moyandikana ndi mabungwe chikhalidwe mzinda, zimathandiza kuteteza mfundo m'mbiri komanso nthawi yomweyo kupanga izo yopezeka kwa anthu.

Magwero a liwu lakuti "Detinets"

Kudziwa ndendende zomwe Detinets komwe anasunga wakale chipilala mu Russia, ndi zimene malo unachitikira mu moyo wa m'tauni kutenga zaka zikwi zapitazo ndipo lero, Ndikufuna kudziwa chiyambi cha mawu.

Malinga "Wikipedia" maganizo pa nkhani imeneyi ndi izi:

1. Metropolitan Eugene (Bolkhovitinov) mu 1808 adati muzu mawu omwewo ndi "ana", imene pa nthawi kuukira adani a kubisala kuseri kwa zipupa.

2. MH Aleshkovsky ankakhulupirira kuti kalonga retainers (achinyamata, ana), tikukhala mu malo otetezedwa bwino, anamutcha dzina. Akatswiri kutsutsa kutanthauzira ichi, kukangana kuti Novgorod Detinets anakhala atsogoleri okha, akalonga - pafupi Chimulu cha Dothi.

3. F. Laskowski kuonetsetsa kuti mawu amachokera "kuchita" mneni. Ndi chiopsezo kubisala kuseri kwa mpanda, "namwali" onse chuma chamtengo wapatali kwambiri wa ku ana.

4. Malinga academician wa Ioannina, chiyambi cha mawu kugwirizana ndi kusonkhanitsa m'gawo la grandfathers, akulu, akukambirana mavuto yovuta.

Pakuti wodziwa Novgorod detintsem sangakhale zokwanira tsiku lina. Kukaona amonke pafupi, m'misewu ndi zokopa, amene ali olemera mu Veliky Novgorod, muyenera nthawi zambiri.