Nyumba ya Tula Museum. Museum of Arms, Tula

Nyumba ya Tula State Arms Museum ili ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa anthu okhala mumzinda komanso alendo. Kodi nkhani yake inayamba bwanji? Mu 1712, Peter Wamkulu adalamula kumangidwe kwa fakitale yoyamba ya manja m'dziko la Tula. Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zatha. Patatha nthawi yaitali, Senate inasaina lamulo, lomwe limatanthawuza kufunikira kokonza msonkhano pa chomera, zomwe zidaphatikizapo zida zosiyanasiyana. Kunena zoona, lingaliro limeneli linali lodabwitsa kwambiri. Panthaŵi ya ulamuliro wa Catherine Wamkulu, Nyumbayi ya zida zabwino kwambiri inayamba kuonedwa kuti ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zamtengo wapatali yomwe ili pamsika. Ziwonetsero zake kwa zaka zambiri zinali kupezeka kwa alendo ochokera kunja, akuluakulu, atumiki ndi oimira banja lachifumu. Pakalipano, Museum of Tula Arms, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la Russian Federation kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1996, inatsegula zitseko zake kwa aliyense, aliyense amatha kufika ku nyumba yakale yomwe ili m'dera la Kremlin. Anthu amapita kuno mosadodometsedwa, ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa.

Kuchokera ku mbiri ya bizinesi ya zida

Ngakhale m'nthaŵi yamakedzana, kuyambika kwa bizinesi zam'deralo kunayikidwa. Kunali kale kwambiri. Zonsezi zinayamba zaka 400 zapitazo, ndipo ngakhale kale. Apa ndiye kuti izi zinayambika bwino, cholinga chake chinali kutumikira anthu a Russia ndi dziko lawo. Patapita nthawi, mzindawu unangopanga zida, komanso kukonzanso matabwa, komanso zitsulo. Koma kodi zonsezi zinayamba bwanji?

M'nthawi ya XVI-XVII, malo achitetezo ndi malo onse oyandikana nawo adayimilira pakati pa mzere wodzitetezera, womwe umayenda pamphepete mwa nyanja. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu a Tula sanadziwe moyo wamtendere ndi woyezera, chifukwa nthawi zonse panali kusamvana ndi adani. Chifukwa cha zochitika zoterezi, posad smiths anasiya kupanga zida za kupanga ndikuyamba kupanga zida. Posakhalitsa, izi ziyenera kuchitika. Tikafika ku Tula Weapons Museum, yomwe chithunzi chake chimakhala chokongola, mukhoza kuphunzira mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa. Alendo samangosangalala ndi mawonetserowo, komanso amalandira zambiri zothandiza.

Kupita kwa malonda a mikono kunathandizidwa kwambiri ndi kuti pafupi ndi Dedoslavl, yomwe ili pamtunda wamakilomita makumi atatu ndi awiri kuchokera mumzindawu, padalipo ndalama yachitsulo. Kawirikawiri, zochitika za Tula zinakhala bwino kwambiri.

Ena amawonetsa, njira yogwiritsira ntchito

Mu nyumba yosungiramo zinyumba pali chithunzi chomwe munthu angawonere chitsulo chozizira. Pano pali zitsanzo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu la asilikali m'zaka za XVII-XX. Komanso, pali zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Western Europe: sabers, malupanga, ndi malupanga. Zonsezi ndi zolembedwa ndi zaka XIX-XX. Mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mumatha kuyamikira ndi kuzizira, zomwe zimapezeka kummawa. Pali zambiri pano. Kuti tiwone, anthu amapita ku Tula Weapons Museum, yomwe ikuyenera kudziwika kwa aliyense yemwe adzayendera. Zitseko za malo awa zimatsegulidwa kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 16:45. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti antchito amapita masana. Zimatha kuyambira 13:00 mpaka 14:00. Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri nyumba yosungirako ntchito siigwira ntchito, tsiku loyeretsa likuchitika pa Lachinayi lomaliza la mweziwo.

Zida zisanafike ndi pambuyo pa Petro I

Asanafike Petro I, asilikaliwo anagwiritsa ntchito ziphuphu zisanu ndi ziwiri, ziphuphu ndi mikondo. Chida ichi sichinali changwiro. Pomwe Petro I adalowa zonse zinasintha. Nthawi yomweyo amatenga zida za kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, makamaka malupanga. Ndizodabwitsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18 iwo anali ofanana ndi asilikali wamba ndi apolisi, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka zana zokhazo zinakhalabe. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pa nkhondo nthawi imeneyo lupanga silinagwiritsidwe ntchito, linagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, msilikaliyo amatsogoleredwa ndi iye, kumanga mzere. Kuti muone izo ndi maso anu, tikulimbikitsidwa kukachezera Museum Museum. Tula, makamaka, ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alendo, ndipo izi ndi zomveka. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakuthambo ili ngati maginito amakopa ojambula a zida.

Checkers ndi Sabers

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 malupanga ndi malupanga adalowetsedwa ndi ma checkers onse, komanso sabers. Chida ichi chinakhala chosavuta komanso chodalirika. Cheke, mosiyana ndi saber, ndi yovomerezeka chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe palibe mlonda. Chida cha mtundu umenewu chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu a ku Caucasus. Cossacks anaganiza kuti izo zikuyenerera asilikali a Russia mwangwiro. Patapita kanthawi, owonawo ankawoneka kuti ndi chida chalamulo ndipo anali kufalikira. Ndili pakati pa zisudzo. Mzinda wokha womwe uli ndi zisudzo zokongola kwambiri za Weapons Museum ndi Tula. Chipewa, monga momwe nyumbayi imapangidwira, amajambula moyang'ana, sizingatheke kudutsa.

Zida za Turkey ndi Caucasus

Kuwonetsedwa kwa Nyumba ya Tula kumapereka zitsanzo zosangalatsa kwambiri zachitsulo chozizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kummawa. Pano mungapeze kuti ndi chiani cha scimitar ya ku Turki, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhondo za Asanishi m'zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi 1900, kuti aone chiyembekezero cha Syria, akuwona ngati magulu a nkhonya za nkhondo. Izo zinkawonekera ngakhale kumapeto kwa zaka chikwi chachiwiri BC. E.

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ili ndi zida zambiri za ku Caucasus, alendo amadziwa kusiyana pakati pa nkhonya yotchedwa Bebut ndi Kama. Ngati yoyamba ili ndi tsamba lakuthwa, ndiye kuti yachiwiri ili ndi tsamba, ndipo limathera ndi mapeto owopsa komanso ochepa kwambiri omwe angathe kudutsamo makalata. Pofuna kupanga nkhuku kummawa, mafupa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso nyanga. Masula a zida za Tula ayenera kuyendera kale, osachepera kuti atenge chakudya cha malingaliro, kuphunzira zambiri zatsopano, zomwe kale zidali zosadziwika. Pambuyo paulendo padzakhala malingaliro ambiri.

Chris, kukri, trumbash, ping

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imaphatikizanso nsapato ya Chi Malay yomwe imatchedwa kris, yomwe ili ndi tsamba lachilendo losamvetseka lomwe limaimira njoka yopatulika. Izo zimawoneka zokongola ndi zoyambirira.

Mpeni wa Nepal wotchedwa kukri ndi wotchuka pa tsamba lolemera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti tsamba lake likufanana ndi scimitar ya ku Turkey. Kuwonjezera apo, chiwonetserochi chikhoza kuwona chithunzi chozizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Africa, mwachitsanzo, mpeni kapena chidziwitso chotchedwa trumbash, chofala pakati pa mafuko okhala pakatikati mwa dzikolo. Tsamba lake limapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a chikwakwa. Nkhalango imayambanso ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipeni ya ku Africa yomwe ikuyenera kuponyedwa, yomwe imatchedwa pingas. Chida chopanda kanthu ndi chida cha chida choterocho ndi chodziŵika kwa nthambi zake zodabwitsa. Amalowera kumbali zonsezo ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Chimaliziro chimodzi cha chidacho chikulumikizidwa mu nsalu zopangidwa ndi zitsamba zazomera, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndodo. Dziwani kuti ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mfuti, mabasiketi, masikoni, carbines

Nyumba yosungiramo zida za Tula State ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mfuti, zomwe zimawoneka apa. Kuwoneka kumaima pamasewero omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za XVIII-XX mu gulu lankhondo la Russia. Mwa zina, pali mfuti ndi mabasiketi, omwe anali ndi eni mfuti a Kummawa, komanso Western Europe. Kuwayang'ana, alendowo amalemekezedwa kwenikweni.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti m'zaka za m'ma XVIII-XIX, asilikali onse anali ndi zida zawo zokha. Ichi ndi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kuwoneka kwa chida kunali chimodzimodzi, ndipo chiwerengero, miyeso ndi zina zambiri zinasiyana kwambiri. Anthu oyendetsa ndege ankagwiritsa ntchito msilikali, alonda, asilikali ndi mfuti yazing'onoting'ono, kuwonjezera apo, zojambulazo zinkafunikanso. Koma asilikali okwera pamahatchi ankafunika pisitoni, mfuti za dragoon, musketons, hussars, ndi cariraines. Koma izi sizinali mndandanda wathunthu wa zida. M'gulu lankhondo la Russia, maofesitanti, adjeon, alonda, apainiya, cuirassiers, hussars ndi mabasiketi anathandizanso. Nyumba yosungiramo zida za Tula imakhalanso ndi ziwonetsero zoterezi. Alendo amaima kwa nthawi yaitali kutsogolo kwawo kuti atenge nthawi yaitali kuti ayambe kuyamikira.

Kusonkhanitsa kwa SI Mosin

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi chinachake chowona. Koma popanda izi, pali mndandanda waukulu wa zida zopangidwa ndi SI Mosin. Palibe china chonga ichi m'dziko lina lililonse. Msonkhanowu wamakono ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha zizindikiro zake, kuyambira 1885, ndi galimoto, zomwe zinali za nthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse. Anthu amasangalala nawo. Zosonkhanitsa izi zankhondo zimapangitsa kusonkhanitsa, mwinamwake, kofunika kwambiri ndi kosangalatsa padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo ndi ichi palibe amene angatsutsane. Nyumba ya Tula Weapons Museum ndi malo odabwitsa, omwe amayenera kuti anthu onse azisamala.