Deadweight - Deadweight ndi ... (chotengera mphamvu): chikhazikitso

Lero, kachitidwe zoyendera mu dziko kwenikweni wogawanika pakati modes osiyana zoyendera. kanthu kuti afika kwa ife kuchokera kunja, anakamba mwa msewu, njanji, mpweya kapena zoyendera nyanja. Udindo wa iwowa makamaka lalikulu pa dziko lonselo pawiri ndi m'maiko, monga madzi chimakwirira ambiri a padziko lapansi, chifukwa cha zomwe mayendedwe magalimoto ndi sitima zikhala zosatheka. Uthenga ndege zodula. Makamaka, ndegeyo amatha kukwaniritsa si katundu. Pali mtundu umodzi wokha zoyendera kuti zikufunika kwa mazana a zaka - nyanja.

Popeza monga lero kukhala pa ubwenzi wa malonda, osiyanasiyana ziwiya akhala ntchito mchitidwe. Mwachitsanzo, pali onyamula chochuluka (chilengedwe monga sitima, chochuluka onyamula, zoyatsira), refrigerators (ndi chotengera yozizira zipangizo zoyendera katundu), chidebe (chifukwa m'madzi mayendedwe chakale 8 mapazi chidebe) ndi ena. ziwiya deadweight Izi ndinazolowera kunyamula mtundu winawake wa mankhwala; Iwo onse zili ndi zipangizo zina zapadera. Motero, pafupifupi katundu aliyense akhoza kusamutsidwa ndi nyanja kulikonse zedi okwanira!

Kodi ntchito bwalo?

Ambiri katundu kudza lalikulu zedi, zaperekedwa mwa nyanja. m'chombo ali okwanira zikwi a matani katundu - ambiri sadzaukitsa ndege uliwonse mu dziko. Kodi chofunika komanso ndi mtengo wotsika wa mayendedwe a consignments lalikulu mwa nyanja. Yerekezerani - ngati ndege yaikulu An-225 ( "Mriya") amatha magalimoto matani 120, deadweight (tonnage izi aakulu) ngakhale ngalawa yaing'ono ndi wofanana ndi matani 3-5 zikwi. Kodi kulankhula za nsanja yaikulu akuyandama zoyendera. Tsopano zikuonekeratu kuti ntchito zoyendera madzi ndi zambiri zosavuta pankhani yonyamula katundu. The sangathe la zombo angatchedwe pokhapokha nthawi yaitali atauza. Komabe, si wowopsa, chifukwa inu mukhoza kukonza yobereka katundu, poganizira nthawi yobereka nyanja.

Ndi angati ungasunge chombo?

Monga tanenera kale, mphamvu ya sitimayo amadziwika chizindikiro monga deadweight. lakuti The lachokera ku deadweight English, kutanthauza "kulemera akufa." Iwo ankadziwa kuti izo ndi misa pazipita angathe magalimoto chotengera wotuluka ndi njira yachibadwa. Upambana chithunzi ichi sindingakhoze. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti athe chartering ngalawa, osati kukakamiza iye yopita ndi mipando yopanda osati zimamuchulukira ku misa yovuta. Zombo deadweight kuchita masamu ndi wochotsera ya kulemera kanthu la chombo, wokonzeka yopita, kuchokera misa, limene chotengera kwathunthu kumizidwa m'madzi kwa mlingo wa katundu (zonse kusamutsidwa).

Kodi mbali imeneyi?

Ndipotu deadweight - kulemera kusiyana, amene si zokwanira kuti kutsegula kwathunthu chombo, kupatula m'munsi mwa zida sitimayo. Pamene tsegula khalidwe zimenezo m'njira, ngati mtengo kwambiri, pazipita, okhoza kunyamula sitimayo. Mayendedwe makampani kuti hayala ngalawa zinthu ndi mayendedwe nthawi zonse, podziwa kuti deadweight chotengera ndi khalidwe chofunika kwambiri wake, wokhoza kugawira katundu monga efficiently ngati n'kotheka pa ufulu chotengera. Khalidwe limeneli akhoza kutchedwa onyamula mphamvu luso limodzi.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kuwerengera deadweight?

Komanso, pofuna kudziwa kulemera mmene kuli kotheka akhoza kusamutsidwa pa chombo makamaka, mothandizidwa ndi deadweight ndi angathandize kuwerengera misa "payload" ndi katundu, amene chofunika kusambira. Zoyambazo monga katundu anthu ndi zinthu zimenezo, malinga ndi mgwirizano, azinyamula chombo mfundo kufika B. Pankhani wachiwiri - katundu kusambira - ndiye ayenera amati ndi nkhokwe ya madzi, mafuta ndi zina zofunika kuyaka, nkhokwe kamba komanso kulemera kwa anthu onse pa bolodi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri a zochitika apanyanja, deadweight - ndi zambiri magawo awiri, anagawira mu chiŵerengero 90% 10% mokomera payload otchedwa.

Zitsanzo za sitima zosiyanasiyana deadweight

Pofuna kufotokozera bwino kukula kwa mtengo uwu, tikuona zitsanzo zina. Choncho, pali yonyamula katundu "Omsk", kutanthauza R2 / R3 RSN kalasi. chombo ichi, thupi ndi kutalika 108 ndipo m'lifupi mamita 15. Kayendedwe ka sitima ndi zomangira ziwiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa sitima Register navigation deadweight "Omsk" ndi matani 3070 onse pamene galimoto m'mphepete mwa mtsinje ndi nyanja. Iwo likukhalira kuti 200 matani amapanga m'matangadza gawo lotetezedwa ndi pafupifupi 2800 matani akhoza adzaikidwa pa chombo ichi monga katundu. Tikumbukenso kuti yonyamula katundu chiŵerengero mosakayika 90% 10%, ndi zina 95% 5% - zambiri mu mtima wa katundu malo danga kuposa pa ngalawa zonyamula.

makhalidwe ena a chotengeracho

Mwachionekere, khalidwe monga deadweight - izo ndi chizindikiro zofunika, m'pofunika pamene kuwerengetsa Mwachangu ya sitima ya ulendo ndi kufunika kwake komaliza. Komabe, n'zoonekeratu kuti si monga chizindikiro yofunika. Mwachitsanzo, chartering ndi luso akuyandama ayenera kulabadira munkalowa wa akugwirizira ndi makulidwe awo. Kuwonjezera apo, udindo ndi ankaimba ndi mtundu wa Katundu chotengera chandamale ake kopita (kwa zoyendera katundu aliyense kuti ntchito Choyamba).

Ambiri, zizindikiro monga mphamvu, n'chofunikira yaikulu. Ndi kuti anakumana okonza magalimoto nthawi iliyonse ngalawayo yodzaza.