Darwin Reserve: Ufumu wa zilumba peat

Biosphere nkhokwe - ndi anasankhidwa kuteteza malo lakonzedwa kuteteza zachilengedwe kudziletsa malamulo dongosolo achilengedwe. Nature m'madera zimenezi nthawi zambiri mumachitika, "chilombo" kapena pang'ono ndi zochita za anthu. Biosphere nkhokwe ku Russia, komanso zina zonse malo otetezedwa, kwathunthu anawamasulira kupitirira ntchito ndalama. Mabungwe oterewa ntchito mwa chimango cha Program World, cholinga kuonetsa ubale mulingo woyenera pakati pa mwamuna ndi chikhalidwe.

Pakati pa Russian zone biosphere chitetezo amagwira ntchito yofunika Darwin Reserve. Mbiri ya chilengedwe chake ndi chitukuko kukusonyeza kufunitsitsa kwa Reserve, lomwe limasonyeza boma.

Mu 1941, pa mphambano za m'madera atatu - Yaroslavl, Tver ndi Vologda - linamangidwa ndi Rybinsk posungira. The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo sikuloledwa kwa kuyamba yomweyo kuphunzira imakhudzira kusintha kwa nyengo. Koma mwamsanga pambuyo pake, m'chilimwe cha 1945, mwachindunji kuwayang'anira kusintha chikhalidwe chomwe anali mchikakamizo cha posungira, Darwin Reserve unakhazikitsidwa.

Today dera limeneli kutetezedwa chimakwirira 112.000 ha, theka la zimachitika m'dziko: otsala a wotanganidwa madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Zima cha 2002 Darwin malo m'gulu mndandanda wa mayiko wa nkhokwe zofunika biosphere.

m'dera la malo - izo ndi makamaka lowland pa gombe la Nyanja Rybinsk, milu likukulira ndi elongated, wofatsa, ngati zikuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono mu mapiri mtunda: kuda ndi glacier mbiri isanayambe. Nyanja swale zachilendo, yaikulu imene imatengedwa Morotskoe atagwira 700 mahekitala.

Darwin malo ndi zodabwitsa chokhala nyengo yake kotentha. Ndi zabwino kwambiri m'chilimwe, pamene kutentha avareji + 18 °, osati ozizira kwambiri yozizira, chifukwa ozizira kuposa -10 ° n'zochepa.

Dera la malo biosphere ndi lofunika m'nkhalango zake m'madambo ndi zithaphwi, anatuluka 17,000 zapitazo. Asayansi apeza kuti zithaphwi awa anapanga ndipo ngakhale malemu nthawi pambuyo glacial.

Lero, chisa pachaka zimasokoneza mu malo otetezedwa a mitundu yoposa 15 ya mbalame zina, akhala m'gulu la Red Book. Umboni wa ntchito bwino malo akhala pafupifupi zinatha mu Russia whooper swans, amene nthawi zina zapitazo ndinayamba chisa ndi mtundu m'gawo la malire a. Kuwonjezera iwo mu malo akonzedwa a kukaikira mazira wakuda grouse, capercaillie, ndi osalimba anthu a Mbalame zodya nyama ndi apamwamba kuposa kwina kulikonse mu dziko.

Palinso zomera kutchulidwa Red Book. Paltsekornik Traunshteynera, slipper weniweni, epipogium leafless ndi ena mitundu ina zimasangalala mu zone kutetezedwa. The zomera chachikulu - paini nkhalango. Komabe, madzi osaya afika ofunda m'chilimwe, choncho palibe kukula kwambiri zitsamba osiyana ndi zitsamba Hornwort, sparganium, pondweed ndi olemera malo. Zipatso: cloudberry, kiranberi, mabulosi abulu.

Alendo pa periphery m'dera bungwe ulendo wotsogoleredwa. Pamene akuyenda pamwamba pake amatha patali kuona agologolo zouluka, nguluwe, nkhandwe, ndi zina zimbalangondo bulauni. Komabe, misonkhano yotereyi ndi yoopsa ndithu: nyama momasuka ndi sindimakonda alendo.

malo unakhazikitsidwa Museum ya Nature. Mmenemo - Kutolere olemera "Russian" agulugufe, yoyamba munda capercaillie.

Koma mwina wapadera kwambiri kwa chilumbachi ndi peat malo. Pambuyo kutsegula kwa Rybinsk mosungiramo peat bogs munadzaza madzi. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndalama peat tiwolokere pamwamba ndi molowera mpaka iwo saletsa tchire kapena mavuto ena. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zilumba peat zomera kumeneko, ndipo ngakhale masiku ano pali mitengo.

2000 Darwin malo m'gulu la World Biosphere Reserve System.