CSS: wosasintha mtundu, kalembedwe, chitsanzo, kukula

Mapulogalamu - galasi: pachiyambi panali mau, ndipo si anasonyeza kumbuyo. Ndipo mwamsanga izo zinkayenera kuti "kusintha": galasi choyamba, kenako mawu ... Pa nthawi imeneyi, cascading kalembedwe pepala - ndi zabwino, koma chifukwa motalika izo m'maganizo mapulogalamu ndi? CSS - izo ziri chimodzimodzi nthawi zonse zosiyanasiyana nyengo ya mapulogalamu, koma ifeyo. Ngakhale pamene misa kukhala associative zisinthe sanapangidwe.

webusaiti tsamba - izo Tags HTML-chizindikiro patsambali, amene akhoza zimachitika wina kalembedwe kapena kalembedwe kalasi dzina. Woyamba akhoza kumatanthauza kamodzi ndi kuperekedwa kwa chirichonse chofunikira nthawi, ndipo chachiwiri chimachokera kwa chinthu makamaka.

Nzeru ambiri a za masitaelo

Miyambo kalembedwe aikidwa mu CSS-file, koma akhoza zimachitika chinthu makamaka kalembedwe chikhumbo chake. kalembedwe akhoza analengedwa mu mphamvu ya zida JavaScript. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri si monga tafotokozeramu, mwachitsanzo, kudzera mwa CSS mtundu wosasintha, kukula kwake, ndi chomverera m'makutu, maziko pansi ndi zina zotero. Location kufotokoza kalembedwe ndi zofunika pa nkhani ya, kawirikawiri awiri mfundo: kenako anafotokoza, choncho patsogolo kwambiri, ngati anafotokoza mbali, iwo amachita zofunika !. Last ananena ndi, momveka imalongosola patsogolo pa.

Ntchito sitayilo Mwachitsanzo, munthu wina wosasintha mtundu kusintha mtundu, kungakhale kulikonse ndi chirichonse. Funso ndi mmene mungachitire mu osatsegula m'nthawi ya disassembly wa masitaelo onse pamodzi. Kodi anali timathera CPU izi?

Choncho, wosasintha mtundu ayenera anasonyeza kamodzi kokha - ndi tingachipeze powerenga. Ndikuganiza kuti ikulongosola yosavuta angapo, ndiyeno wina ndi mzake ... kumene, mungathe. Ndi yapamwamba, koma zothandiza.

CHITSANZO ambiri mfundo

Ndithu chabe anatsimikiza mtima CSS mtundu kwa mbali zonse zitatu, n'zotheka kuti mavuto osachepera atatu kuleza akuthamanga:

# Ele1, # Ele2, # Ele3 {
POSITION: mtheradi;
kumanzere: 20px;
pamwamba: 14px;
mtundu: wofiira;
}

# Ele2, # Ele3 {
kumanzere: 90px; // kusintha CSS yopingasa ndondomeko
mtundu: lachikasu; // kusintha mtundu wa wosasintha CSS
}

# Ele3 {
pamwamba: 114px; // kusintha CSS ofukula mwandondomeko

mtundu: zobiriwira; // kamodzinso kusintha mtundu wa wosasintha CSS

maziko mtundu: lightgrey; // CSS lemba yosangalatsa mtundu anasintha, koma zimenezi si alipo # Ele1 ndi # Ele2; malo zinasintha, koma zasintha # Ele2 osati, monga apa

}

Tsopano tiyenera kukumbukira kuti onse mbali zitatu zonsezi limanenedwa kwinakwake, ndi likhoza kusintha kwa zithunzi mtundu wa mwini malo, mapulogalamu adzakhala ndi kukumbukira osati za mtundu, komanso za malamulo a kumanzere ndipo pamwamba, ndipo ngakhale kusintha yapadera mtundu lemba la siyenera.

Osati kutukula onse akulemekezedwa chofunika CSS: Maonekedwe ID - kokha chinthu china, ndi kalembedwe kalasi - Tags ambiri, kupatula zotheka mfundo yomaliza mu Tags monga adjectives:

• anapereka wosasintha mtundu mu CSS - kalembedwe groundColor kalasi;
• mwachindunji ndi wosasintha kukula - kalasi size15;
• Sankha malo - kalasi PlaceUp.

Mwachibadwa, ntchito identifiers, makamaka pamene iwo ali yemweyo chodetsa amafotokozera, pamwamba khumi kalembedwe makalasi, utoto osakaniza osiyanasiyana mazana a zinthu page. Koma zonse ziri ndi cholinga chake maganizo.

mapulogalamu amangoyang'ana ayenera molondola kuganizira: ngakhale wosasintha mtundu wa HTML, CSS amapereka kufotokoza molimba, kusinthasintha kwa angamulambirire zomwe zafotokozedwa - imeneyo ndi ntchito yake.

The chifukwa ankayembekezera ntchito mfundo wamba

asakatuli Modern akutha kwambiri owona kalembedwe ndi mabuku. Komabe, mapulani, makamaka kupyolera CSS ndi chekeni tsamba lonse, nthawi zonse muyenera kuganiza za kukwanira wololera. Osati malamulo onse kalembedwe "wotchipa" mawonekedwe a ntchito. Zambiri laconic kulowa: * {mtundu: woyera;} - ndithudi wokongola, koma agwiritsidwa kwa mbali zonse za tsamba, popanda yekha.

Malamulo onse, amene okonzeka ndi CSS, zofunika:

• kalembedwe - m'kalasi, ndiye dzina akuyamba ndi, "."
• kalembedwe - dzina ndi dzina akuyamba ndi "#" khalidwe;
• nthawi zina - chizindikiro dzina kapena chinachake chapadera

Mavesi a kufotokoza mfundo Masitayelo (cholowa katundu alipo, zinthu zofunika, malo, kuti ndi zina zotero. D.) Kodi ntchito mwanzeru ndi mmene zinayenera.

Osatsegula nthawi kuphonya, sizipanga mu kufotokoza, kotero kuti zodabwitsa wapadera sadzatero. Ngati chinachake sanali malo oyenera kapena wosasintha mtundu mu CSS sizingatheke Choncho kalembedwe cholakwacho.

mwayi wosayembekezeka

Sayenera nkhanza masitaelo ngati * {kumanzere: 124px; } kapena

ol ol, ol up, up up, up ol {malire-pansi: 0; }
ndi IMG {malire: 0; }

Ngakhale n'kovuta kupanga ngakhale novice mapulogalamu kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo CSS monga ali. Zonse mu chitukuko cha malo, ngakhale mwangwiro yosavuta CSS malembedwe amapereka mavuto mosayembekezereka. Komabe, ngati khama mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito olondola a malembedwe, koma ntchito JavaScript magwiridwe ndi mwayi ndi zosayembekezereka kupewa wonyong'onya kulenga identifiers aliyense amafotokozera, kapena kuti aziona ntchito zosiyanasiyana masitaelo ndi makalasi.

CSS - si kalembedwe file chokhudzana ndi tsamba kudzera chidutswa cha kugwirizana kapena anaikapo mu icho mu opatsidwa kalembedwe. Komanso n'zotheka kulenga mulingo pa ntchentche kapena kusintha munthu wogwila.

Pogwiritsa ntchito CSS, wosasintha mtundu zikhoza kuchitika programmatically. Komanso kukula ndi udindo, masamba. Website - si cholinga kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso CSS, HTML, Php kapena JavaScript zotsatira kung'anima.

Web gwero - loyamba ndi mfundo zonse zoperekedwa m'njira inayake. N'chifukwa chake CSS bwino ndinawona mu mphamvu kudzera disolo mmene n'zotheka kupanga, pamene tsamba akadali pa makina (kuti palibe Php nthawi imene malo kunabwera mlendo, osati mapulogalamu pa nthawi imene iye anali osauka malo), ndi stylesheet anakhumba lemba enieni zili zogwirizana, kapena kulenga kalembedwe kalasi kapena dzina pa ntchentche monga tsamba akugwira ntchito, pamene izo zikuwoneka pa mlendo makamaka.

mphamvu malo amodzi

Sitiyenera nthawi kulemba chipangizo anapezazo JavaScript-kachidindo kuti zazikulu zili ndi kamangidwe kake - ndi zili zokwanira. Nthawi zina zokwanira bwino ntchito mipata yopezeka. Makamaka, ndi liwulo CSS wosasintha mtundu ulamuliro poyamba malo amodzi, inu sakuona lamulo ili (zobisika) ndi muzione osiyana (kuwoneka).

Apa, wokamba sikutanthauza aligorivimu:

// kuunikila batani athandizira pa webusaiti
Ntchito scfWelcomeOver () {
document.getElementById ( 'scDocxNamePiP') style.visibility = 'kuonekera' .;
}

// kubisa batani athandizira pa webusaiti
liziyenda scfWelcomeOut () {
document.getElementById ( 'scDocxNamePiP') style.visibility = 'zobisika' .;
}

CSS amapereka mphamvu mwini: tickers, zinthu zowonekera, embodiments zosiyanasiyana overlays, kusonyezedwa, anayamba kuchepa mitundu. Mu CSS, wosasintha mtundu akhoza anapanga kuti munthu ulamuliro stylistic si anapereka.

Mphamvu zili kuwonetsera

Ngati panalibe mbalume, mwina sipakanakhala patsogolo. Osati mmene nkhondo. Hypertext kuloŵa m'dziko kwambiri za chiphunzitso. Ndi nthawi chidwi ndi kuyamba malo mu kalembedwe wanzeru ndi zothandiza kukulitsa.

Poyamba, pali tsamba (P), ena mwa zinthu zanu (K), ndi Tags onse tsamba yafotokozedwa mu kalembedwe pepala (S). Osati latsopano mawonekedwe P tsamba kudzera Php kapena Perl pa makina posankha K ku Nawonso achichepere. Alipo kalembedwe pepala S adzatsatira basi. Komabe, K akhoza kusintha, ndipo nthawi zambiri, monga kusintha kuti zikuphatikizapo kufunika masitayilo ena, ndiko kuti, S +.

Mwachitsanzo, makasitomala anati: "malo limanena moyo wa Moscow, adzayang'ana bwino ngati nkhani uthenga ali chokongoletsedwa mu kalembedwe" ZaZavtrakom "pofotokoza usiku amangokhala ali pikitipikiti mu kalembedwe" Las Vegas "ndi nkhani patsogolo sayansi ndi luso mu kalembedwe" ModernTehno ' ". Koma tikakhala S pa atatu mungachite izi, palibe chitsimikizo kuti kasitomala sadzakhala ndi lingaliro ndi ya nkhani "News", "tchuthi", "Ntchito», «CSS / HTML» bonasi "HozyaykeNaZametku".

njira ina bwino. Kaya gulu la nkhani pali nthawi zonse zili kuti akhoza utoto mtundu wina. Kuno mu malo pali ndithu lingaliro lomveka: kupeza zenizeni K, komabe pa makina opangira ndi S mokwanira, ndi osatsegula Pakufunika P, apeza zili mu chilolezo yoyenera.

Mphamvu kalembedwe JavaScript

Osachepera, ngakhale njira kwambiri - kuchita makongoletsedwe mwachindunji mu osatsegula kasitomala. Choyamba, relieves makina - sadzakhala ndi nthawi yocheza pa mapangidwe masamba hypertext ndi owona kalembedwe izo.

Chachiwiri, zinyalala chilengedwe cha nthawi mkati osatsegula adzalenga mmene tsamba wotanganidwa ndi ntchito ndi Amathandiza kukambirana ndi mlendo: akadali sakuona zili mu chochuluka Choncho, angafune mokhazikika ndi woganiza mudziwe linanena bungwe.

Chachitatu, timatha mapulogalamu kupereka limagwirira mlendo za zomwe zili mu kalembedwe ili, limene ndi omasuka. Palibe aliyense.

Kukhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi, muyenera kuzitsatira limagwirira ndi polenga zinthu za kalembedwe yomweyo pambuyo tsamba katundu wolemera, ndipo m'kupita kwa ntchito yake. Modern malo - ndi AJAX mu mtundu. N'kosavuta kugwira mapangidwe masitaelo mwachindunji m'kati mapangidwe mtengo page. Ndi zovuta, zotchipa komanso zothandiza, chifukwa zili ndi pamodzi ndi kulembetsa wake.

Izi sizikutsutsana ndi mtima masiku ano nadzawasankhula ulaliki wa kafukufuku wa processing anachita pa deta ndi kusiya amasonyeza lapansi.

CSS monga pophika yogwira

Hypertext anabweretsa zambiri zabwino, koma kagawo kakang'ono ka mfundo zachilengedwe bwinobwino formalized, panali zipangizo ndi zinachitikira polenga HTML apamwamba, XML, zikalata CSS. Si vuto kwa formalize ndi mabuku atsopano mauthenga ndi zomwe zikusintha kale kale.

Mokhudzana CSS, ndondomeko izi adamulowetsa ndi nkhani chosiyana. Zida anamanga-mu JavaScript, kuwapangitsa "pa ntchentche" kulenga zinthu ndi masitayilo zinthu sanali kuoneratu kuti zimenezi zingathe, ndi ndiAmene wa Php, makamaka, ankakhulupirira kuti chinkhoswe mu mapangidwe masamba okha HTML.

Onse woyamba ndi wachiwiri amalola kuchita mapulogalamu masitaelo. Malangizo latsopano m'munda wa luso nkhani. Masitaelo zinthu zambiri ofunda chinthu kuposa XML kapena HTML, malamulo ndi lophweka. Kalembedwe nthaŵi zonse pamakhala nkhani, ziribe kanthu momwe zachilengedwe zinali.

mapulogalamu kulembetsa Nawonso achichepere zikugwira nthawi zonse zamanja zambiri formalized, koma CSS mutu - ntchito yosavuta kwambiri, koma mwanjira sanapeze m'munda wa Polingalira za citukuko.

Pa chiphunzitso m'munda wa mapologalamu

Ngati madzi oundana ndi, mbalume sangathe expanses yaitali furrowing zambiri. awonera m'mbuyomo anali kuganizira osati HTML- ndi CSS-mfundo, zipangizo kugwira nawo ntchito, chidziwitso kutukula.

A ntchito yosavuta - kuti kudzera CSS wosasintha mtundu - wapeza njira yangwiro. Malamulo, malembedwe, logic ndi chitonthozo ndi osatsutsika. Koma ngakhale pamene wosasintha kwenikweni alibe kwambiri za mitundu ya kumapeto, kwambiri Sikuti, ndipo ndithudi kwa zolinga za choonadi cha virtualization sayenera onse anapeza "mphamvu» HTML ndi CSS, apo pakubwera nthawi imene kudziwa situational kupita kupanga ena ndi kuwonetsedwa zinachitikira ndi zida mapangidwe wachibadwa wa masitayilo okhutira.

Zimenezi zidzatheka bwanji, sizingakhale bwino kwathunthu, koma kuti ndondomeko ndi kale m'kati, moonekeratu.