Crimea zomera: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Crimea zomera ndi zachilendo kwambiri ndi osiyanasiyana. Pa chilumba, pali 2500 mitundu ya zomera zakutchire. Ichi ndi chithunzi chidwi. Tikumbukenso, ndi wapadera zomera ndi. Apa pali mitundu 250 kuderako, mwachitsanzo. E. Zomera monga anthu kwina kulikonse padziko sangathe anakumana. Komanso, Crimea wolemera zotsalira - zomera zinasungidwa popanda kusintha kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri.

mbiri

zomera Crimea mokwanira ankafufuza. Koma zikanakhoza zonse mwafufuza mitundu yatsopano. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi wapadera pachilumbachi. Monga momwe taonera, Crimea zomera ndi yosiyanasiyana. Choona chidwi n'chakuti kulikonse pachilumbachi adjoin zomera ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana kwambiri. Ena mwa iwo ndi relicts ndi endemics. Komanso, ambiri zomera ofanana m'madera osiyana kwambiri kwa Nyanja Black: Caucasus, Balkans, Asia Minor. A chodabwitsa ofanana ndi zokhudza mbiri ya Crimea.

Pajatu poyamba anali kwaokha lamapiri chilumba, amene kwa zaka zambiri zina anagwirizana, izo disconnects milatho pansi kudziko ku Chile (mayiko a ku Caucasus, Asia Minor, Balkans, Chidikha East European). Chifukwa zomera zayambika ndi Crimea. Tisaiwale kuti mitundu yoposa cikwi toyesa zosowa litapita mwa munthu kwa zaka za mbiri ya dziko lino. Choncho zinachitikadi kuti zomera za pachilumbachi yakhala ngati zokongola zosiyanasiyana tione.

Kusintha kwa mabacteria zomera

Mbali ina ya Crimea ndi kusintha momveka zomera kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mwera.

Mpoto kwa chilumba cha - ndi mapiri steppe. Pakali pano, ambiri a iwo kale analima, koma chifukwa mayiko amenewa ataya mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe. Choyambirira maonekedwe anapitiriza yekha m'madera amene sali oyenera ulimi. mchere izi m'madambo, gullies, zigwembe ndipo zigwa miyala.

M'dera la m'tsinde mwa steppe inasintha nkhalango. Kumeneko, kuwonjezera zomera steppe kukula mitundu monga mlombwa, thundu furry, peyala loholistaya, anauka, kum'maŵa hornbeam, ndi zina zotero. D.

Komanso kum'mwera, nkhalango pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa nkhalango thundu, amene amapanga 60 peresenti ya m'minda yonse nkhalango ya pachilumbachi. Mu Crimea, iwo ali m'malo woonda ndi kuwala.

Ndi thundu wamtali nkhalango anagwetsa mumamera. mitengo 200-250 wazaka amenewo akukantha mu mphamvu yawo ndi wachisoni primeval kukongola. Izo nthawizonse ali wachisoni kwambiri, palibe ngakhale malowo ndi udzu chivundikiro, pali nkhungu wosanjikiza wa masamba akugwa. Pa okwera zikwi mamita beeches yaikulu wamphamvu m'malo mwa gnarled, mitengo kungokhala pamodzimodzi.

Pamwamba pa mitengo ina nsonga mosabisa kuti anapatukana mipita tatikulu. Kunja ofanana phiri msipu steppe. Ndi apa kuti ndi kotala mitundu yonse kuderako a pachilumbachi.

Komanso, pafupi ndi nyanja, ndi zone ya mumamera paini ndi mkungudza nkhalango, chomwe paini Crimea ndi Chi pine. Pali pano ndi mitengo, mumamera hornbeam. nkhalango zachilengedwe paini kwambiri kutchulidwa pa chakumwera, amene si woona wa gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa.

Beach South

kum'mwera Komanso akuyamba shiblyakovy lamba ongokhala hornbeam, thundu furry, mlombwa, mtengo sitiroberi, pistachio, ndi zina zambiri zomera chilala zosagwira. Nyengo ya kum'mwera chakum'mawa louma kwambiri chifukwa shiblyak kwambiri chosowa kwambiri.

Ndipo pano pa South Coast ali wakuda kwambiri. Ambiri, zomera za chakumwera pafupi ndi Mediterranean, koma kwambiri ndipo anasintha munthu. Ambiri a m'dera limene mukukhala pogwiritsa, minda ya mphesa, msewu. Ndipo dzanja la munthu udzakhazikitsidwe m'mapaki yaikulu, amene kukula pa chilumba kunja mitundu. Tiyerekeze kuti zomera zambiri za chakumwera kwa Crimea ndakhala kuno zaka 200. Panopa, m'mapaki onse akhala mbali ya kukopa ndi Coast South. Ena mwa iwo ndi wotchuka Alupkinsky, Foros, Livadia, Massandra, Gurzuf m'mapaki. Ndipo yekha ndiye ofunika onse wotchuka Nikita Botanical Garden, muli osati Crimea chomera (zithunzi amaoneka m'nkhani), komanso kwambiri mitundu kunja zosowa.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti m'mapaki amakhala kale ziziwayendera ndi m'nkhalango zachilengedwe yobiriwira ndipo amapanga coherent lonse.

nkhokwe Crimea

Crimea zomera inkatetezedwa ndi malamulo. Pa chilumba kulengedwa anayi malo ndi sikisitini nkhokwe watsopano kotheratu. Kukuteteza komanso ndi zipilala zachilengedwe, nkhokwe zachilengedwe, m'mapaki kutetezedwa.

Pafupi Nikitsky botanical munda ndi malo "Cape Marian." Komanso pa chilumba ndi Yalta Reserve, Karadag chikhalidwe malo, kumene zomera zosapezekapezeka usanasonkhanitsidwe Crimea. Imeneyi ndi mbali yaing'ono ya malo otetezedwa ku dera limeneli. Onsewo ali wapadera ndi chidwi mu njira yake, musanadye vuto yakeyake kuteteza relict ndi zomera kuderako. M'nkhani ino tikufuna kupereka malongosoledwe a ena a iwo.

mumamera

Mumamera - mumamera ndi mtundu wa banja. Mu Crimea amalima mitundu iwiri: wamba easterly. Onse a iwo ndi maonekedwe regal ndi kusewera yaikulu udindo kusamala nthaka ndi madzi. Kukhala mtengo zaka 250 350. Izo limamasula kwa nthawi yoyamba pa zaka 30, ndipo mwinanso zaka 60 kapena 80. Maluwa mu April, ndi kutsegula munthawi yomweyo timapepala ta lapansi. mtedza yophukira mtengo kuonekera. Iwo kudya mapuloteni, mphalapala, nkhumba, gwape. wapatali kwambiri ndi mafuta mumamera si wochepa ndi katundu wa maolivi.

Chabwino, matabwa ndipo sangalankhule. Zikomo katundu yache ntchito kuti migolo kwa vinyo mtengo, yazokonza pansi, zoimbira, ma yatchi. M'mbuyomu, mitengo kudula mwankhanza ku Crimea. Ndipo tsopano iwo ali otetezedwa. Grove pa Ai-Petri ambiri m'dera motetezera.

thundu

Oak wa banja mumamera. Okwana pali mitundu kuzungulira 450 ya zomera. Makungwa ndi matabwa a mtengo anayamikira kwambiri. Mu Crimea, yosowa kwambiri downy thundu, amene ali kunyumba kwa zaka zoposera zikwi. Ichi apa ndi chomera Zakachikwi ili pafupi Foros. girth wake - mamita asanu ndi theka. A Bakhchisaray apezeka pafupi ndi mtengo circumference wa mamita atatu. Back mu 1820 Nkhata Bay yakhalapo nayikidwa mu Nikitsky munda, zomwe zimakulitsa lero. Asayansi munda inathetsedwa mwala mitengo kuzungulira South Coast. Tsopano, zomera ndi Kumwera Crimea.

mtengo sitiroberi

Zomera ndi nyama ya Crimea ali osiyanasiyana sichidzathera Timasangalalanso. A Beach South - malo apadera, chidutswa cha mayiko kumene pali wapadera kwambiri zomera zomwe, mfundo, sanathe mizu m'dera lino, koma chifukwa cha microclimate wapadera analengedwa ndi mapiri, iwo mwangwiro kumva kunyumba kuno.

Mmodzi mwa zomera ndi mtengo sitiroberi. Ndi mtengo yobiriwira, ndi makumi awiri mitundu kukula mu North America ndi Mediterranean. Mu Crimea, mbewu imapezeka pa chakumwera. Linasungidwa mu malo awa kuyambira nthawi Ukachenjede panopa analembedwa Red Book. mtengo kufika msinkhu wa mamita asanu. Iwo amakhala ndi thunthu intricately zopotoka ndi kupotoza kumalekezero a nthambi. Zipatso mtengo anapanga, zofanana kwambiri ndi strawberries. Iwo edible ndithu. Chifukwa zomera ndi maonekedwe kukongoletsa, ali otukuka mu m'mapaki a pachilumbachi. Ndipo pafupi ndi Gaspra ali mitengo ochepa, amene msinkhu, malinga ndi asayansi, ndi pafupi zaka chikwi.

nkhuyu

Nkhuyu komanso mwinamwake otchedwa mkuyu. lakwawo - Mediterranean. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ndi chomera masamba obiriwira, iwo uli nawo oposa 800 mitundu. Munthu wa mtengo wapadera ndi zipatso. Iwo ankadya mwatsopano zouma, kuphika kwa iwo kupanikizana. Nthawi zambiri ndi chomera akale kwambiri padziko lapansi pano wakula kwa nthawi makedzana. Komabe, molondola ndipo sakudziwika pamene ndi amene adaperekedwa mtengo uwu pa Crimea chilumba. Panopa mu Nikitsky munda wotchuka kuli mitundu 300 ya nkhuyu. mtengo ali ndi mizu yolimba. Bwino kwa ife maluwa pamtengo kumeneko. Koma zipatso amaperekedwa matumba ndi mbewu mkati.

Cupressus sempervirens

Izi ndi coniferous yobiriwira mtengo. Mu Crimea idagwa kuchokera Greece. Acclimate pano kalelo. Koma misa yogawa analandira m'zaka za m'ma 18, pamene zomera zambiri litapita pa malamulo Potemkin a. Yobiriwira paini mtengo ali pyramidal mawonekedwe. masingano ake ndi ofewa kwambiri kukhudza. Cones ang'ono ndi ndi mawonekedwe wozungulira ngati mpira. Paini mbewu ndi chakudya cha mbalame zambiri: Dubonosov, woodpeckers, mbalame, phwiti. Komanso, mtengo udziwika machiritso ake katundu.

Agiriki akale anaona ubwino paini anthu ndi mapapo matenda. asayansi amakono atsimikizira kuti n'kofunika mafuta a mtengo ndi amphamvu bactericidal tingati chimene chingathe kubisa staphylococcus, Koch Wand ndi mabakiteriya ena. Zolinga achire, ntchito ndi masamba a mitengo. Wood ndi cholimba kwambiri, ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kuvunda ndipo ali ndi kukoma zodabwitsa. Ankayamikira kuyambira nthawi makedzana.

maluwa

Maluwa sizachilendo kwambiri kotentha. Kwa mtundu uli onse zonunkhira vanila kudziwika ndi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mitundu chakula greenhouses. Mu Crimea pali 39 mitundu ya zomera, 20 amene angapezeke mu Balaclava. Malinga meteorologists, ndi malo otchulidwa pa lonse South Coast. Ngakhale mwanthabwala amatchedwa "Crimea Africa." Pachifukwa ichi, ambiri zomera kuderako zikupezeka m'mabuku amene'wa.

The Red Book wa Crimea. Zomera m'gulu izo

Crimea - ndi malo apadera, zimene zinabweretsa pamodzi chuma moona yaikulu kwambiri nyama ndi zomera. alendo aliyense amene yoyamba kukaona chilumba, sichitha kaso kukongola ndi zomera chodabwitsa. Ndipo alikodi, kodi kuona zimene kaso. N'chifukwa chiyani okha mbiri wolemera m'derali.

Ngati ife kulankhula za zomera yapadera chilumba, ambiri a iwo kukuteteza ndi kuleza m'gulu pangozi. Crimea zomera, monga tafotokozera m'nkhani sitinatenga ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kulandira chithandizo kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane. Tilinso mukufuna kukhala pa zamoyo kuti chifukwa ina yagwa kale mu Red Book. A okwana oposa 250. Apa ndi ena mwa iwo:

1. Horsetail mtsinje.
2. Kostenets kaso.
3. Kostentsi North.
4. Mlombwa deltoid.
5. Maple Steven.
6. Ira kaso.
7. Dubravnaya khafu.
8. Anyezi wofiira.
9. Hawthorn klinolistny.
10. Salvia pratensis.
11. Dandelion Crimea.
12. Tulip Bibirshteyna.
13. Mphesa nkhalango.
14. Kamke Sea.
15. Cystoseira bearded.

Zambiri mu buku kumaphatikizapo: hvoschovye, gymnosperms, angiosperms, ndere ndi algae. Mndandanda takupatsani ndi zomera ochepa okha a Crimea. Buku mulinso mndandanda zambiri.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Crimea - wapadera kwathunthu ndi chodabwitsa malo. Kuwonjezera pa okongola kwambiri, sukhala chuma cha zomera. Pa dziko, mwina pali malo ambiri amene akhoza kudzitama ndi chuma ngati mitundu zomera, ankaitanitsa ochokera m'madera ena ndi kuzolowera malo atsopano.