Cortinarius wokongola - bowa wakupha. Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi

Munamva za bowa ichi monga cortinarius? Ndipo likukhalira kuti kupha ululu! Tsatanetsatane angapezeke mu nkhani.

Cortinarius wokongola - zakupha chakupha bowa

Photos wa bowa ikuyimiridwa kwa tcheru chanu m'nkhani ino. Cortinarius wokongola (wofiira) - ndi chakupha bowa mtundu cortinarius, banja cortinariaceae. Mu anthu, limatchedwanso pribolotnikom. Iwo sangathe kudya yaiwisi kapena yophika mtundu uliwonse, chifukwa poizoni kupezeka iwo, imautsa chitukuko cha kulephera aimpso. mtundu tichipeza mitundu osachepera 40. Ena amaona poizoni, ena edible ndi ena - salembedwa edible. Mwa zizindikiro kunja bowa ngati ofanana ndithu, kotero amachita kukhumuditsidwa. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ali bwino kusonkhanitsa opanda nzeru yoyenera ndi cortinarius, ndi bowa wamba. Ndipo pofuna kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito bowa kudya, muyenera 100% zedi chimene mtundu inu kupeza cortinarius.

Mpaka 1950s ndi ankaganiza kuti bowa akhoza kumwedwa ngati chakudya. Izo zinali kokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zosimba zochitika mu 1957 ndi poyizoni cortinarius lalanje-wofiira, ndipo kenako cortinarius wokongola, anaganiza tipezekemo ndi bowa kuti oopsa poyizoni. mitundu awiriwa ndi poizoni kwambiri.

maonekedwe

M'lifupi kapu ya ranges ku masentimita 4 9, akuyamba ku mawonekedwe conical mu lathyathyathya madzi kufalikira, pakati ndi tubercle. Wosanjikiza kunja kwa youma, velvety ndi matte ndi dongosolo fibrous. Mtundu - pabuka-lalanje kapena pabuka-bulauni, chigawo chapakati ndi mdima. Pa kukhudzana ndi madzi si kuwonjezera kukula.

Mbale anakwiriridwa yosowa ali lonse, wandiweyani. Poyamba, mtundu wa chipewa, ndiye anasintha kwa Satana. bowa Young Tingaone arachnoid chindwi lachikasu ocher mtundu.

Mwendo cylindrical, kuchuluka kapena tapering pa m'munsi, ndi kutalika kwake ndi 60-100 mamilimita ndi makulidwe a 4-10 mm. Pa ❖ kuyanika fibrous angathe kuonedwa zokhotakhota malamba pafupifupi chikasu.

zamkati ali ndi yowala lalanje kapena wachikasu-bulauni kulocha ndi fungo loipa.

Kenako pa mkangano pabuka-bulauni mtundu. kukula - 8-8.5 microns, mawonekedwe - yotakata elliptical kapena pafupifupi ozungulira, ndi warty wosanjikiza akunja. Heylotsistidy pafupifupi konse zimachitika.

kumene ilo limakula

Cortinarius wokongola - bowa wakupha yomwe imapezeka mu Europe m'madera ambiri. Kumadera athu iwo mwakula mu zigawo chapakati, komanso m'chigawo chakumpoto. Mungaone bowa izi m'madera a mapiri, pa mapiri. Iwo mwachilungamo osowa.

Kodi kukula

Ambiri a bowa ichi chimakula mwa thundu ndipo nkhalango akale coniferous, kumene ambiri kuwala dothi mchenga. Yaiwisi wobiriwira spruce matabwa ndi sphagnum Moss komanso ndi yabwino kwa kukula.

spores poizoni akhoza ankakhala moyo wotayirira m'madera ena mwa mtsinje mpweya ndi chifukwa chogwirika kukhudzana. mitundu Mycorrhiza ndi spruce.

Fruiting kuchokera July, mpaka mapangidwe pamaziko a chisanu choyamba. Near cortinarius masango wokongola angazindikire zina bowa wa mtundu wa.

Cortinarius wokongola - zakupha chakupha bowa: Mitundu

Angapezeke mu utumiki ndi mitundu 40 ya bowa wa mtundu, ndi 2 okha a iwo edible. Ena mwa iwo ndi owopsa kotero kuti iwo opotoka kuti pantherina Amanita. Namtindi wa bowa kungoti inedible.

Pezani kusiyana pakati pa mitundu onsewa angakhoze kokha akatswiri, kusonyeza kuti ndi bwino kuti wozungulira iwo.

mitundu ofanana

Cortinarius phiri - wina bowa chakupha, ntchito tingayambe imfa. M'lifupi mutu wake - 30-80 mm, woyamba ndi otukukira kunja, ndipo pamene bowa ndi wakalamba, ndiyeno ilo limakhala mawonekedwe mosabisa, m'chigawo chapakati ndi lathyathyathya hump. Kunja wosanjikiza - youma. Mtundu zimasiyanasiyana lachikasu bulauni kuti pabuka bulauni. Kutalika kwa phazi - 40-90 mm, ndipo m'lifupi - 10-20 mm. Pansi pa izo kale. Pamwamba pa kapu fibrous ndi miyendo.

Cortinarius edible - mtundu wa bowa kuti akhoza kudyedwa. dzina lake chachiwiri - plump. chipewa chake ndi 50-80 millimeter wandiweyani minofu dongosolo m'mbali litapotanitsidwa pansi. Popeza iye afika lathyathyathya, pang'ono maganizo pa mawonekedwe moyo mkombero. mtundu ndi greyish woyera, ndi pamwamba - yonyowa. The mwendo ali ndi kutalika kwa 20-30 mamilimita ndipo m'lifupi mwake 15-20 mm, ndi wandiweyani, popanda kupinda.

Cortinarius ntchofu - salembedwa edible bowa. Sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi mucous cortinarius. The kapu ali m'mimba mwake wa 100-120 mm. Poyamba ali belu mawonekedwe, kenako amakhala mosabisa ndi m'mphepete yokhota kumapeto. Mtundu wa kapu ya zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa chikasu, zofiirira ndi zofiirira. The bowa lonse ali ndi ntchofu. Mwendo ukufika mamilimita 200 m'litali, izo akufanana shank. mtundu - woyera, akukumana ndi kum'chitira bluish. Pa mwendo angazindikire particles mu mawonekedwe a apezeka ndi mphete.

Pali mtundu wina wofanana wakupha poizoni - Cortinarius splendens. N'kovuta ndithu. Ake zosavuta kupeza pa yowala chipewa chikasu, chobisa ntchofu. M'nkhalango coniferous.

webcaps woopsa (zakupha chakupha bowa, mitundu chimodzimodzi omwe anapereka kwa tcheru chanu pamwamba) Angagwiritsidwenso kusokonezedwa ndi ena oyenera kudya bowa. Iwo hygrophorus kapezi, mlechnik camphor ndi kutayipa Armillaria - armillyariya glubnieva. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa chakupha bowa Armillaria akupezeka pa wake malamba mwendo ocher ndi mbale wofiira - kuchokera Armillaria mwayera woongoka chikasu.

Gawo

Kodi wina amadziwika za bowa ichi monga webcaps woopsa? Mliri chakupha bowa, gulu womwenso deta zotsatirazi:

• Superkingdom - eukaryotes.
• Ufumu - bowa.
• Subkingdom - bowa apamwamba.
• Division - Basidiomycetes.
• Nthambi - Agarikomikotina.
• Maphunziro - agaricomycetes.
• Subclass - agaricales.
• Banja - cortinariaceae.
• Ndodo - cortinarius.
• Subgenus - Leprotsibe.
• View - cortinarius wokongola.
• World Dzina Scientific: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.

poizoni

Cortinarius wokongola - ochepa chabe zakupha chakupha bowa, imene ili yamphamvu kwambiri poizoni polypeptide zovuta - orellanine. Iye sasiya ubwino wake pambuyo processing kutentha poizoni mkulu, kuwayika mu malo acidic, ndi kuyanika ena. kawopsedwe The yafupika kwambiri yekha mchikakamizo cha dzuwa cheza ultraviolet. bowa lili 7.5 mg wa orellanine pa 1 g wa bowa zouma.

Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezera orellanine, bowa ndi zina 2 polypeptide - kortinarin A ndi B, liwulo ndi kuchuluka kwa kusonyezedwa Kudandaula mtima. Pamaso anzake a zigawo zitatu izi anatchula mavuto ziwiri zokha banja bowa: woopsa webcaps (utoto) ndi lalanje-wofiira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu, ndi momwe mwamsanga iwo amaoneka

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maphunziro, amaonekera kuti thupi waukulu, kumene kumakhudza orellanine ndi masamba. Chifukwa cha olowa ake ndi metabolites padzuwa, impso zaminyewa maselo kubala ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, pali chiwonongeko cha nembanemba selo, chopinga wa phosphatase zamchere ndi kupoletsa mapuloteni, komanso kuwonongeka kwa DNA ndi RNA nyumba.

Kuwonongeka kwa thupi angachititse ngakhale pang'ono mankhwala. 40 ga bowa mwatsopano anatola, Kudya, kungachititse kuti imfa. Ndicho chifukwa kupulumutsa moyo wake tikulimbikitsidwa kunyalanyaza cortinarius wooneka wofiira mtundu, ndi kusonkhanitsa bowa konse zolakwika.

The matenda chithunzi cha matenda orellaninovogo kwakukulukulu zimadalira chiwopsezo munthuyo poizoni lapansi. Mu nkhani ya poyizoni ndi webcaps woopsa pali magawo anayi a matenda.

kusamala poyizoni orellanine ndi kuti zizindikiro ndi chifukwa chokhala ake ndi thupi kudzachitika pokhapo nthawi yaitali pamene tisachedwe, ndipo aliyense kuyiwala za ntchito bwinobwino bowa. Pali nthawi zina zizindikiro zikayamba atapita masiku 7-14. Pa chiphe wodwala akhoza kuona nseru, ndi kufunika yaikulu kumwa, kumverera kwa dryness ndi moto mkamwa, pakhoza kukhala kusanza, mawonetseredwe opweteka pamimba. boma mwina kwa milungu 1 2. Ngati nthawi si kupempha thandizo, si analetsa mu imfa. Nthawi yapadera, pamene alili ndi owopsa kwambiri, imfa angayambe miyezi ngakhale pambuyo 5 pambuyo tsiku la ntchito ya bowa poyizoni.

Pankhani ya siteji yochepa woopsa, pasanathe masiku 2-3, popangidwa ndi kulephera pachimake aimpso ndi gawo yaitali oligoanuricheskim. Ambiri amadwala matenda a ana ndi okalamba.

Ngati nephropathy ali anapitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali, mu 30-50% ya khate kenako mapangidwe mawonekedwe aakulu kulephera impso.