Baltic Nyanja: amenewa, kuya, malo, maonekedwe,

Baltic Nyanja - m'mphepete kumpoto kwa dziwe mu Europe ndi ku Asia. Anadula kwambiri mu dziko, ndipo potero amatanthauza madzi kutuluka mitundu mkati. The nyanja chimadzaza madzi a Atlantic. Iwo lili kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Nyanja Baltic maiko Baltic. Ndipo m'mayiko monga Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Russia ndi Poland. Ndi nthenda ya nyanja chikugwirizana mwa dongosolo la Denmark Straits ndi Nyanja North.

M'dera la posungira ndi za 415 zikwi sq. Km. Voliyumu ya padziko madzi - kiyubiki mamita oposa 20 zikwi .. Km. The ufa kuya - mamita 470.

hydrology

Baltic Nyanja, kumene amenewa mwamphamvu amakhudza nyama ndi zomera moyo, wodzazidwa ndi kuchuluka yaikulu madzi abwino. Iwo ndi gwero zonse madipoziti. mitsinje mchere kudutsa mu nkhokwe mwa Magombe ndi makhwawa. Mafunde ndi milingo kanthu ndipo, nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwawo si zoposa 20 cm.

Kuya kwa nyanja ya Baltic nthawi zonse mu utali wozungulira wa chizindikiro chimodzi. Iwo akhoza kutengera mphamvu ya misa mpweya. M'mphepete mwa nyanja madzi akhoza mbakwira masentimita 50 mu malo molimbira - mpaka mamita 2.

Mikuntho pa madzi kuyenderera pafupifupi palibe. Monga nyanja ena kutsuka Russia, Baltic dziwe bata, ndipo kawirikawiri pamene mafunde ake angafikire ndi kutalika mamita 4. mikuntho kwambiri autumn, mu November. Zolemba malire kusinthasintha - 7-8 mfundo. M'nyengo yozizira, pafupifupi anaima, izo zimathandiza ndi ayezi.
Mosalekeza Nyanja Baltic - Ali wamng'ono. Mu osiyanasiyana 10-15 cm / s. Zolemba malire ukuwonjezeka pa namondwe kuti 100-150 masentimita / gawo.
Baltic Nyanja mafunde ali pafupifupi wosaoneka. Zimenezi kusonyeza kwambiri za kudzipatula mtsinje amadzimadzi. msinkhu wawo zimasiyanasiyana mu uthunthu wa mamita 20. Kuwonjezeka pazipita mlingo madzi - mu August ndi September.

A mbali yaikulu ya gombe aphimbidwa ndi ayezi kwa October kuti April. Kum'mwera kwa nyanja ndi malo amaundana, koma amakakamizidwa oundana thawing nthawi (June-August).

Nyanja Baltic ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Apa kugona zitsime zamafuta, minda yatsopano amakonzedwa. Komanso, madipoziti lalikulu Amber anapeza posachedwapa. Subsea mpweya amapita njira ya "Nord Stream".

Ndipo Baltic Nyanja wolemera nsomba ndi nsomba. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, malo otaya kwambiri sakuyenda. Madzi mutadzala poizoni akutuluka mitsinje lalikulu. Atathana ndi kukhalapo kwa dumpsites zida za mankhwala.

Chifukwa cha osaya kutumiza nyanja si kwambiri kuyambira. Only makhoti nako kuunika kwa kuwoloka watercourse popanda mavuto. Madoko akuluakulu kwambiri pa nyanja ya Baltic: Vyborg, Kaliningrad, Gdańsk, Copenhagen, Tallinn, St. Petersburg, Stockholm.

Madzi a posungira lino si oyenera chitukuko cha spa zokopa alendo, komabe pali chipatala chaching'ono ndi chipatala mbali mwa nyanja. Izi Russian achisangalalo midzi Svetlogorsk, Zelenogorsk, Sestroretsk, Jurmala, Chilativiya, Chilituyaniya Neringa, Polish Koszalin ndi Sopot, German Ahlbeck Binz.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za kutentha madzi ndi amenewa pa nyanja

M'chigawo chapakati nyanja ya Baltic, monga ulamuliro, kutentha kawirikawiri kuposa 15-18 ° ^C. Pa pansi, ndi za 4 madigiri. Mu Gulf zambiri nyengo bata ndi +9 .. + 12 ^° C

Baltic Nyanja, ndi amenewa amene amachepetsa malangizo kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa, pa chiyambi cha otaya ali mlingo nduna - 20 ppm. Pa akuya chithunzi ichi chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 1.5.

dzina

Choyamba dzina etymological "Baltic" likupezeka mu lonena za mbiri yakale wa m'zaka za zana XI. Dzina kale pa nyanja - Varangian. Izo zalembedwa mu wotchuka "nthano ya makedzana Zaka".

mfundo kwambiri

Malekezero a nyanja ya Baltic:

• kum'mwera - Wismar (Germany), ndondomeko ya - 53 ° 45` p. yakumadzulo.
• Kumpoto - kumalo ozizira amayang'anira bwalo - ndi 65 ° 40`. yakumadzulo.
• East - St. Petersburg (Russia), amayang'anira - 30 ° 15` mu. etc.
• West - Flensburg (Germany), amayang'anira - 9 ° 10` mu. d.

makhalidwe Geographical: dera, makhwawa ndi Magombe

Baltic Nyanja (amenewa ndi makhalidwe ake ali pansipa) ndi kuyamba kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa kumpoto kum'mawa kwa 1360 Km. Zolemba malire m'lifupi ili pakati pa mizinda ya Stockholm ndi St. Petersburg. Ndi makilomita 650.

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, ndi Baltic Nyanja, pali 4 zaka chikwi. Mu nthawi yomweyo akuyamba kulibe ndi mtsinje kuya, dziko loyenda mu dziwe - Neva (74 km). Kuwonjezera izo, merges ndi mtsinje wa zoposa 250 mitsinje. Yaikulu ya izi ndi Vistula, Oder, Narva, Neman, Western Dvina.

Ena madoko nyanja ya Baltic lagona pa kumalo ikuluikulu. Kumpoto ndi Gulf wa Bothnia, yaikulu ndi zakuya. Kummawa - Riga, yomwe ili pakati Estonia ndi Latvia, Finland, amatsuka kugombe la Finland, Estonia, Russia, ndi pa Curonian Lagoon. Chifukwa chakuti yotsirizira ndi wosiyana nyanja ya mchenga, madzi a mu mtsinje pafupifupi atsopano. Iyi ndi mbali yapadera.

Kuya pafupifupi nyanja ya Baltic - mamita 50, pansi kwathunthu imagwera mkati Africa lapansi. nuance Izi ndi limachititsa kuvomereza kuti matupi mkati kumtunda madzi.

zilumba

M'dera nyanja ili zilumba zoposa 200 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo zili omangidwa kuchokera gombe, kutali ndi iwo. Chilumba chachikulu nyanja ya Baltic - Zeeland, Falster, Myung, Langeland, Lolland, Bornholm, Funen (wokwatibwa ndi Denmark); Öland ndi Gotland (Swedish chilumba); Fehmarn ndi Rügen (imakhudzanso Germany); Hiiumaa Saaremaa (Estonia).

gombe

Baltic Nyanja (nyanja kwambiri umakhudza iye ndi madzi) ali coastlines osiyana kuzungulira kukafika kutsogolo kwa madzi. Kumpoto - pansi ndi m'goli, miyala, indented gombe coves yaing'ono, ledges ndi zilumba yaing'ono. Kum'mwera M'malo mwake, pansi ndi momveka, ndi nyanja ndi otsika kunama, ndi gombe mchenga, amene m'madera ena umaimiridwa ndi milu yaing'ono. Pafupipafupi pa gombe wamng'ono - mipiringidzo mchenga, amadula kwambiri m'nyanja.
Nyanja pansi anapereka wobiriwira, wakuda sludge (chiyambi glacial) ndi mchenga ndi nthaka imakhala miyala ndi boulders.

Amenewa ndi kusintha zake zonse

Chifukwa wambirimbiri mpweya ndi amphamvu madzi m'mitsinje, Nyanja Baltic (amenewa ochepa mosungiramo) ladzala ndi madzi owonjezera. Iwo anagawira omangidwa. Kodi Baltic dziwe mozama gombe - madzi pafupifupi atsopano, ndi amenewa bwanji Nyanja North. Zimenezi osakhazikika. Gales atsogolere kusanganikirana madzi.
Pa mfundo imeneyi, ndi amenewa nyanja ya Baltic - ndi otsika. A kuchepa msinkhu khalidwe lake mwa nyanja, ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbali pa zikwi - pansi.
M'dera limene madzi kutuluka akukumana ndi pamavuto kumadzulo - madzi amenewa 20 ‰ padziko nyanja pansi - 30 ‰. Gombe la Bothnia ndi Gulf wa Finland mlingo wa kuthungo. Zilibe kuposa 3 ‰. Mlingo 6 mpaka 8 ‰ yodziwika Madzi chapakati gawo.

Komanso, kufalitsidwa kwa amenewa madzi Baltic Nyanja ndi makhalidwe nyengo. Choncho, m'chaka ndi yotentha nyengo, izo yafupika ndi 0,5-0,2 ppm. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti m'mitsinje thawed madzi m'nyanja. Mu yophukira ndi yozizira M'malo mwake, ukuwonjezeka chifukwa Zofika ozizira kumpoto wt.

Kusintha amenewa pa nyanja - chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kuti zonse zamoyo thupi ndi mankhwala njira pa gombe. Mwina chifukwa insipidness madzi gombe ali ndi dongosolo lotayirira.