Clay pidgeon kuwombera. Clay njiwa kuwombera pa mbale. Clay njiwa kuwombera mu Moscow

Clay njiwa kuwombera pa mbale zimene ngati subspecies wa masewera kuwombera. Mpikisano umachitika poyera kuwombera osiyanasiyana. Ikani mfuti ndi mfuti kuwombera makatiriji ayenera kitted kuwombera ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Ngakhale kugwa angapo mu pellets zopangidwa chisakanizo cha simenti ndi phula mbale phula, chandamale, chimene ejected mu mpweya makina wapadera, ndi wosweka.

Chiyambi cha msampha kuwombera

Pambuyo Kutulukira zida zankhondo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pali anthu amene akufuna kuphunzira mmene kuwombera molunjika. Kunali koyenera kuti khalidwe la nkhondo, kusaka, ndipo kenako nawo mpikisano zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba, mpikisano ntchito kusaka mfuti, kuphatikizapo kupikisana zipolopolo pa mipherezero mofulumira ikuyenda. Mpikisano woyamba wa mtundu uwu unachitika mu 1793 ku England: kuwombera zinachitikadi kuti nkhunda, atakhala mamita naintini ku oponya mivi madengu wapadera (mabokosi), amatchedwa osayenera. munthu wapadera, amene amachititsa kuwombera, malinga ndi gulu kukoka twayini, ndi mbalame kunja kwa khola. Koma kuvulaza kapena kupha njiwa sikunali kokwanira, mogwirizana ndi mawu a mpikisano, iye anali kugwera pa muvi patsogolo kuposa mita sate wani. Mtundu uwu wa kuwombera anali pafupi kusaka, iye wotchedwa nyanja kuwombera, ndi mfuti ndi mulu ndi nkhondo lakuthwa zinadziwika monga nyanja.

The mipherezero woyamba sanali moyo

Society chitetezo nyama motsutsa zoterozo woipa mtima masewera kwambiri anatsutsa (tsopano mabungwe amenewa zionetsero potsutsana kusakasaka mfundo). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, moyo chandamale pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi zinthu zosiyana, zida ndi zipangizo wapadera kuponya. Choyamba ntchito mipira galasi, ndi awiri a 64 mm, wodzazidwa ndi nthenga, utsi, utoto ndi zipangizo zina. Komabe, mipherezero amenewa nthawi zambiri amaphulika kawirikawiri pellet pokhudzana ndi m'mphepete mwa talus mu mpira rebounding padziko yosalala. Koma malingaliro Nditchimo wa munthu wapeza njira vuto lililonse kovuta. Mu 1880, ku America, mu mzinda wa Cincinnati, mivi pa dzina Ligovsky anatulukira chandamale dongo ndi mbiri mbale-lathyathyathya (ndipo lero dzina, ngakhale chuma tsopano ntchito makolokoto zambiri) ndiponso kuponya chipangizo - makina. makina amenewo anaikidwa pa malo, wotchedwa nthandala, ndipo mwa ichi anabadwa dzina - "dongo njiwa kuwombera".

masewera azionerera

Izi lomwenso ndi wotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi kuwombera, masewera msanga zinatchuka osati mu US komanso mu Europe. Clay njiwa kuwombera pa mbale ndi zambiri maganizo ndi zochititsa chidwi: omvera ndi muvi pomwepo kuona chifukwa cha kuwombera pa. Ngati chandamale akuchita chidwi, icho chikuwalira lalanje-wofiira mtambo, ngati ayi, woweruza ndi kapezi jekete ndi wofiira oversleeve ananyamula dzanja lake, kulengeza Pepala, ndi akatswiri mu zovala zokongola choyambirira adutsa malo. Chilichonse chimachitika pang'onopang'ono, sedately: kuno akuti ndi chizindikiro cha kukoma zoipa nalumpha pa wina ndi mzake tiskane wopambana mu manja kapena kulira wopambana pa kuwombera wabwino. Mwachidule, dongo pidgeon kuwombera - si mpira, maganizo monga pali zosayenera, ngakhale, ndithudi, mantha mavuto osiyanasiyana othamanga ndi pansi kwambiri. Chirichonse anaganiza ndi kukhazikika maganizo, kupirira, chifuniro kupambana.

kusakanikirana

Fans ndi nthawi kuwombera anayamba mogwirizana zibonga, zibonga ndi mabungwe, ndi la International kuwombera Union unapangidwa bungwe 1907 (chidule - FMP), zomwe adalumikiza nkhani ya osiyanasiyana chipolopolo kuwombera. State kumene nakulitsa dongo pidgeon kuwombera mu 1929, Integrated mu mayiko kuwombera chitaganya cha mfuti kusaka (chidule - FITASC). Komabe, pambuyo pake, mu 1947, takambirana subspecies wa kuwombera masewera FITASC anatuluka ndi kulumikiza FMP. Tsopano amalanga onse, mu benchi pa kuwombera, malamulo ndi kuwombera Union International, onse Mpikisano boma, kuphatikizapo Games Olympic unachitika motsatira malamulo munakonda ndi pansi pa ulamuliro wake. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti FITASC Palinso pa nthawiyo, iye nthawi zonse bungwe kupeza katswiri nyanja kuwombera, imene tsopano wotchuka kwambiri makamaka m'mayiko Mediterranean: Spain, Egypt, Italy ndi France.

Mbiri ya Russian msampha kuwombera

Kutchula koyamba za nyanja kuwombera (njiwa) kunayamba chaka cha 1737. Pa nthawi imeneyo analamulira Anna Ivanovna, wodziwika luso mwaluso kuwombera osati mfuti, koma uta. Pa Mfumukazi ndinali chilakolako chimodzi: iye ankakonda kuwombera pa kudutsa mbalame ku mazenera lotseguka nyumba yachifumu. Nthawi zina pa malangizo a khola ndi windo tiyeni nkhunda. Pamaso pa 1917 zosangalatsa monga nyanja kuwombera, opareshoni yekha mu Moscow, Kiev, Odessa, St. Petersburg ndi Warsaw. Fans wa zinthu ngati zimenezo anthu ochepa, chifukwa kugula akanatha anthu okha olemera kwambiri ichi zosangalatsa. A zambiri woyamba za mfuti ya mipherezero yokumba amatanthauza 1877. Akazi Denisevich bwalo skeet unapangidwa bungwe mu 1910. Izo zinachitika pafupi St. Petersburg, ku mudzi wa Ligovo.

Zikayenda oponya mivi Russian

Mu 1912, a othamanga wa Russian Ufumu kwa nthawi yoyamba anatenga gawo mu Games Olympic ku Stockholm. Ndiye mpikisano woyenera unachitikira ku kuwombera ndi anapambana Mendulo mkuwa, kumenya mbale, zana ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi chimodzi, Rigan H. Blau. kupambana ake, kunathandiza kuti ukhale mwa zinthu dziko zoweta stendovikam. Pambuyo mpikisano 1917 imene malamulo owonjezera nthawi. Ndipo kokha mu 1927 anachita maimidwe loyamba ngalande, kumene woyamba kuwaza makina kwa benchi kuwombera choikidwacho pa Ostankino (Moscow). Iye kenako modernized, retrofitted, ndipo kwazaka zambiri anatumikira monga othamanga Russian. Mu 20s munali malo ofanana mu Kiev, Leningrad, Baku ndiponso mizinda ina. The Championship loyamba la USSR chinachitika mu 1934, ndipo analengedwa pa madzulo a Chitaganya cha mfuti kuwombera USSR.

The kupambana loyamba

Pa Championships European mu 1955, a stendovikam Soviet anamwetulira Nkhata golide anapambana Nikolai Durnev (Skeet) ndi Yuri Nikanorov (makwerero). Mu 1958, pa Championship World golide Mendulo mu Skeet anapambana Arius Kaplun, mu ATsopano bwerezanonso mu 1968, a Olympic ngwazi za Games ku Mexico City anali Yevgeny Petrov. Polankhula pa mwambo pa maimidwe zozungulira a misinkhu yonse, kuphatikizapo othamanga Union bwino kwambiri zimatheka Yuri Tsuranov (mu mundime atatu nthawi dziko ngwazi, mu timu - kasanu ndi kamodzi, naini nthawi European ngwazi), Svetlana Demina (21 golide European ndi Championships World), Larissa Tsuranova ( 24 golidi), Elena Rabaya (18 mendulo golide).

Pulogalamu Olympic

Pakali pano, mpikisano mu amalanga atatu omwe pulogalamu Olympic: hermitage (Skeet), makwerero (Trap), awiri msampha. Ife angakuuzeni zambiri za iwo.

1. Trap

chilangochi anaphatikizidwa Games pulogalamu amuna mu 1900 ndi akazi - mu 2000. Makwerero - ndi nsanja kumene kuwombera zipinda zisanu anakonza mu mzere wolunjika. Tsogolerani ndi kuwombera alternately chichokereni ku khumi ndi makina skeet kuwaza. Makina anaika pa kuwombera malo mu ngalande pa mtunda wa mamita khumi ku zipinda. Chandamale mtundu wa msampha kuwombera akhoza kukhala okwera osiyana, ndi kuchotsedwa dzanja lamanja, lamanja kapena lamanzere, ndi kupatuka madigiri ku makumi asanu. Akuponya mtunda wa mamita 75-77. Mfuti mndandanda tichipeza mipherezero twente-faifi.

2. Skeet

Mwambo analowa pulogalamu Olympic kwa amuna mu 1968 ndi akazi mu 2000. Skit anachita pa malo ku zipinda eyiti kuwombera, anakonza mu semicircle kuchokera oyamba nambala chiwiri, ndi chitatu ndi pakati pa misasa pakati. Mbale kwa benchi kuwombera wa mtundu uwu ofanana ndi amene ntchito limbikitsa lapansi. Komabe, iwo amapangidwa ndi makina awiri, amene anaika mu misasa otsika ndi mkulu spaced mamita makumi padera pa mopambanitsa semicircle lapansi. Kusanakhale chandamale, ndi chowombelera azisunga mfuti yake kwa msampha kuwombera mbuyo pa m'chiuno, ndipo pa mbale kuwombera pa manja zokolola vskidku umodzi. Machine, anaika mu thandala mkulu ejects chandamale kwa kutalika mamita 3,05, ndi kuti otsika - ndi kutalika mamita 1,07.

Kuwonjezera tarelochek zouluka singly, m'zipinda zonse koma chiwiri ndi chitatu awiriawiri komanso zilipo chandamale (doublets). Iwo kuuluka kwa misasa awiri pa nthawi yomweyo zosiyana. Zouluka mbale, mu obisika, mu Mosiyana limbikitsa ali ndi malangizo zonse. Mipherezero iyenera kuuluka kudutsa mphete masentimita 90 m'mimba mwake, wokwera pa mphambano ya trajectories tarelochek ndege. Flight osiyanasiyana zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa mamita 67-69, pamene kololeka zinkakhala m'dera limanenedwa malire a malo ndi mamita makumi anai. Mfuti zino, monga mwa mwambo yapita, imakhala mipherezero twente-faifi.

3. Msampha awiri

Mwambo anakhala Olympic masewera (amuna ndi akazi) mu 1996. Kawiri msampha ikuchitika pa malo ndi zipinda zisanu ndi kubwereza mfuti-akatemera wa doublets, umalimbana kugunda yomweyi ndi imodzi panamveka mbale awiri kuti akuthamangira kuchotsedwa singano ndi pang'ono diverging ndege njira. Flight osiyanasiyana pa nthawi yomweyo alibe upambana mamita 54-56. Propelling makina imakonzedwa mu mofanana mu ngalande kuima, koma osati ntchito khumi ndi zisanu ndi zipangizo zonse atatu amene anaika pamaso pa nambala yachitatu yaing'ono. Cars ataima mu mzere ndi ili pa mtunda wina ndi mzake. Pali njira zitatu zachiwembu osiyana (A, B ndi C), kuika njira yodutsamo tarelochek ndege. Pambuyo lamulo panamveka ndi muvi chandamale osadziwika kwa iye dera kwa wina ndi malo omwewo. The ndege njira pa mndandanda kuwombera zikusintha pamodzi ndi kusintha ngodya ya kuwombera ndi kuonera, malingana ndi manambala makamaka ang'onoang'ono. Mndandanda tichipeza mipherezero makumi atatu (khumi doublets).

Malamulo mpikisano

amalanga onse atatu ali kwenikweni malamulo omwewo. Pa mpikisano kuyambirira kudziwa finalists asanu, amene anatsimikiza ya opambana chomaliza cha ngwazi za. Mfundo kupikisana kuyambirira ndi womaliza zakambidwa mwachidule. Ngati pa maziko mwa akatswiri angapo kupeza ofanana chiwerengero mfundo pakati pawo azimva shootout mpaka Abiti choyamba. Kuonjezera chidwi cha omvera ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wa kulakwitsa milandu mu mfuti komaliza ikuchitika monga nkhunda wapadera, zomwe pamene anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga ndi ejected mtambo wa ufa yowala (zambiri wofiira, nthawi zina chikasu).

terminology

Mu skeet amagwiritsa terminology yeniyeni, popanda zomwe kudziwa sangachite. Ife kupereka tanthauzo mfundo izi:

• Hijacking chandamale - wina yakuuluka malangizo a muvi.
• Kauntala chandamale - amene ntchentche kwa muvi.
• Naomi chandamale - kuti ndi kutulutsidwa kwa makina kuwaza waonongeka.
• Zikhudze "mu utsi" - kugonjetsedwa mbale anawomberedwa pamene ku patsalanso chabe "utsi" - zidutswa, akuchita izi mu fumbi ting'onoting'ono.
• Powerengetsera - chandamale kunyamuka kuchedwa pambuyo chowombelera timu masekondi atatu.
• Akufa zone - mtunda kuti mbale ntchentche kuyambira pa chiyambi mpaka woyamba anachita mivi izo.
• chandamale processing - zinayendera zochita, kuphatikizapo amaonera chandamale vskidku (mu kuyima wozungulira) zana chala (thunthu kayendedwe wachibale njira mbale ndege), linanena bungwe kwa preemption (mtunda pa njira yodutsamo limene mukufuna kupita patsogolo pa chandamale pa kuwomba kwa pambuyo tuzigawo twa kunyamuka zinali anadabwa) kuwombera ndi kuteteza wa mathamangidwe okhota, anaimba mfuti.

Clay njiwa kuwombera mu Moscow

Panopa, aliyense amene akufuna kupeza nzeru ndi luso la dongo chandamale kuwombera, ndi mphamvu izi. Mwina, mu zigawo pali chosowa ranges kuwombera, koma Moscow, ndingapeze kalabu abwino pakokha zovuta. Zitseko kwa oponya mivi novice ali wokonzeka kwa Council Pics Center, Moscow wapadera sekondale sukulu ya malo Olympic №1 ndi №2, Kukwera Akavalo masewera ovuta "Bitza", masewera-luso club "Zamoskvorechie" ndi mabungwe ena ambiri.