Chizindikiro m'madera magetsi. Makonzedwe zizindikiro mawonekedwe ndi kalata

Ngati mukuchita ntchito magetsi, onetsetsani muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro m'madera magetsi. mphamvu yotha Kulumikizana zithunzi - khalidwe lofunika la fitters, zida locksmiths, constructors unyolo. Ndipo ngati inu mulibe maphunziro apadera, monga kumvetsa intricacies onse chodziwikiratu kuti apambane. Koma tikumbukire kuti zizindikiro zithunzi omwe akupangidwa kwa ogula Russian amasiyana mfundo zambiri anavomera kunja - ku Ulaya, USA ndi Japan.

Mbiri ya zizindikiro zithunzi za

Ngakhale mu nthawi Soviet, pamene injiniya magetsi zachitika mofulumira, panafunika gulu la zipangizo ndi lakuti awo. Zinali ndiye ndi panali dongosolo yunifolomu mapangidwe zolembedwa (ESKD) ndi miyezo dziko (GOST). Onse yovomerezeka kwa injiniya aliyense amakhoza kuwerenga zizindikiro mu zojambula anzake.

Koma kuti kupanga onse subtleties ayenera kumvera kwambiri nkhani za ndi kuphunzira kwambiri mabuku. GOST - ndi chikalata yaikulu komanso mokwanira kufufuza zizindikiro likutipatsa onse ndi miyeso awo muyezo, anati zosatheka. Choncho, muyenera nthawi zonse pang'ono "wakunyengeza pepala" amene angatithandize Asia zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu magetsi.

Kulumikizana mu zithunzi ndi

Kulumikizana - ndi generic akuti, amatanthauza ndi wochititsa, kodi otsika kwambiri kukana. Ndi thandizo lawo, voteji ndi kunditumiza ku gwero la magetsi ogula. Ndi lingaliro wamba, chifukwa pali mitundu ya Kulumikizana.

Anthu amene samvetsa chito ndi makhalidwe a Kulumikizana ndi, angasankhe kuti wochititsa - ndi chingwe lotsekedwa olumikizidwa kwa masiwichi ndi zitsulo. Koma zoona pali osiyanasiyana ochititsa, ndipo anasonyeza mwa dongosolo m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Atsogoleri pa ziwembu

Ngakhale mkuwa kuda pa matabwa dera textolite - bukuli, mungathe kunena kuti Baibulo ili la Kulumikizana magetsi. Iwo amaimira m'madera magetsi mu mawonekedwe a molunjika polumikiza mzere anakafika ku mchitidwe wina ndi mzake. Mu njira yomweyo imaonekera mu chithunzi ndi mkulu-voteji magetsi waya mzere lili minda pakati pa zipilala. Ndipo mu nyumba kulumikiza mawaya pakati nyale, masiwichi ndi zitsulo ndi amaimira thunthu chomwecho molunjika.

Koma angathe kugawidwa subgroups zitatu zoti zinthu conductive:

1. Mawaya.
2. Zingwe.
3. Magetsi kugwirizana.

Kulumikizana dongosolo - sizolondola tanthauzo monga Kulumikizana ndi anafuna kuti kumanga mawaya ndi zingwe. Koma ngati kwambiri kukuza mndandanda wa zinthu zoyenera pa chiwembu mwatsatanetsatane, likukhalira kuti muyenera monga tiransifoma zambiri, breakers dera, yotsalira zipangizo panopa, grounding, insulators.

Zokhazikapo pa ziwembu

Zokhazikapo - pulagi-mu kugwirizana anapangidwa kuti kugwirizana si okhwima (pali njira kuti pamanja kusagwirizana kugwirizana) madera. Zizindikiro zojambula ndi mosamalitsa malamulo ndi GOST. Ndi kuti malamulo a amatanthauza zithunzi za zipangizo ndi zipangizo kuunikira ndi zina zosiyanasiyana ogula magetsi. Zitsulo zokhazikapo mizati ya mtundu zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Anaikira pamwamba kukhazikitsidwa.
2. Anaikira chamadzi kukhazikitsidwa.
3. Unit chikukhudza ukhale ndi lophimba.

Magulu atatu awa akhoza kugawidwa zambiri subgroups angapo, malingana ndi njira kugwirizana ndi kukhalapo chitetezo:

1. Single-mzati mwake.
2. Maganizo.
3. -Kawiri mtengo, ndipo kukhudzana zozitetezera.
4. Atatu mtengo.
5. Atatu-mtengo, ndipo kukhudzana zozitetezera.

Pa zokwanira, makamaka palibe malo ogulitsira, pali mitundu yambiri. mayunitsi onse amakhala ndi chitetezo, kusankha zizichitidwa potengera dongosolo limene zikhalidwe ndi ntchito: mlingo wa chinyezi, kutentha, pamaso mmene makina.

The masiwichi pa zithunzi dera

Masiwichi - chipangizo chimene dera magetsi wathyoka. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa mode basi kapena Buku. Malamulo makonzedwe mawonekedwe kalembedwe alendo, komanso malo ogulitsira. Chikhazikitso zimadalira zinthu zimene ntchito amafotokozera, ndi kamangidwe lingaliro izo, mlingo wa chitetezo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya machenjerero a masiwichi:

1. Single-mzati (kuphatikizapo awiri ndi patatu).
2. Maganizo.
3. Atatu mtengo.

The zithunzi zofunika kusonyeza magawo chipangizo kusakonda. Ndipo mawonekedwe zizindikiro anawona zotani ntchito: lophimba yosavuta, batani ndi latching ndipo popanda chipangizo lamayimbidwe (yatikhudza thonje) kapena kuwala. Ngati pali chikhalidwe kuwala ndi anazimitsa pa pamene kuli mdima ndi kutchinga m'mawa, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kuwala ndi dera yaing'ono kulamulira.

Mafyuzi (fusible phala)

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zodzitetezera - mafyuzi (disposable ndi kudzikonda machiritso), breakers dera RCD. A kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya chimake, ofunsira, osiyana liwiro opaleshoni, kudalirika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina yodziwika ndi zida zimenezi. Chizindikiro lama fuyusi - ndi rectangle kufanana kwa mbali yaitali wochititsa chimadutsa pakati. Izi ndi zovuta ndi yotsika mtengo wachina kuti akhoza kuteteza ndi dera magetsi kuchokera ku dera yochepa. Tikumbukenso kuti zigawo izi kawirikawiri ntchito zithunzi magetsi chojambula. Zizindikiro za mtundu wosiyana angapezeke - izo amadzipweteka yekha machiritso lama fuyusi, amene pambuyo kutsegula dera kwa boma koyamba.

Lonse Title mafyuzi - lama fuyusi. Agwiritsidwa ntchito zipangizo zambiri, kugawira magetsi. The mapulagi disposable akhoza kukumana nawo. Koma pali zipangizo kuti ntchito switchboards mkulu-voteji. Iwo amapanga anapanga malo zitsulo ndi waukulu ceramic zidutswa. Mkati pali wochititsa gawo (Ndime zake mtanda amusankha malingana ngati panopa pazipita ayenera kudutsa dera la). Thupi ceramic ladzala ndi mchenga, kuthetsa kuthekera poyatsira.

dera breakers

Zizindikiro ngati zipangizo zimadalira Baibulo, mlingo wa chitetezo. chipangizo reusable akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lophimba yosavuta. Ndipotu iye amachita monga lama fuyusi, koma n'zotheka kusamutsa boma wapachiyambi - kumaliza dera la. Kamangidwe tichipeza zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Pulasitiki nyumba.
2. The ndalezo kwa kusintha osinthasintha.
3. Bimetallic Mzere - ndi olumala pa Kutentha kwa.
4. Kukhudzana gulu - izo m'gulu mu dera magetsi.
5. Arc chute - amalola kuti tichotse nsakali ndi arcs pa disconnection.

Zimenezi ndi zinthu zimene zimapanga aliyense baka ichidachi dera. Koma tikumbukire kuti pambuyo opaleshoni iye sangathe kubwerera pomwepo udindo yoyambira, zimatenga nthawi kuziziritsa bimetallic Mzere. moyo makina utumiki amayezedwa chiwerengero cha ntchito ndi zimasiyanasiyana mu osiyanasiyana 30000-60000.

Grounding pa ziwembu

Grounding - kugwirizana wochititsa panopa magetsi makina kapena chipangizo pansi. Chotero pamene dziko lapansi, ndi mbali ya chipangizo dera ali ndi kuthekera negative. Chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa grounding thupi sanayende ndi chiwonongeko aliyense chipangizo kapena mantha magetsi mlandu lonse imapita mu nthaka. Grounding ndi mitundu zotsatirazi alendo:

1. Lingaliro onse a dziko lapansi.
2. Koyera Lapansi (noiseless).
3. Zoteteza grounding mtundu.
4. Earth kugwirizana (nyumba) chipangizo.

Malinga mtundu wa nthaka zimene ntchito mu dera la, chizindikiro adzakhala osiyana. Yofunika kwambiri ndi anachita njira yokonza kujambula chinthu, ndi yozungulira onse pa mndandanda dera gawo ndi mtundu wa chipangizo.

Pankhani zomangamanga magalimoto, padzakhala "misa" - ndi wochititsa wamba olumikizidwa kwa thupi. Pankhani ya kunyumba Kulumikizana - lotengeka mu ochititsa nthaka olumikiza mmabowo mwake. Madera mfundo sayenera kusokonezedwa "digito" ndi nthaka ochiritsira - ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana, ndipo iwo ntchito.

Motors magetsi

The zithunzi magalimoto magetsi, masitolo, zipangizo zambiri mungapeze Motors magetsi. Ndipo makampani zoposa 95% ya injini zonse ntchito - ndi asynchronous gologolo khola. Iwo anasonyeza mwa bwalo, amene woyenera ochititsa atatu (gawo). makina amenewa magetsi ntchito molumikizana ndi actuators maginito ndi mabatani ( "Start", "Lekani", "n'zosiyana" ngati n'koyenera).

Motors DC ntchito mafomu magalimoto, kachitidwe ka ulamuliro. Ali windings awiri - ntchito ndi galimoto. M'malo mwa maginito otsiriza okhazikika ntchito pa mitundu ina ya Motors. Ndi koyilo malemeredwe amalenga maginito. Iwo amakankhira kwa ozungulira a galimoto, amene ali oppositely imatsogoleredwa munda - izo amalenga bala.

waya Mitundu

Pa nkhani ya magetsi osakwatiwa-gawo ndi gawo wochititsa ali wakuda, imvi, wofiirira, pinki, wofiira, lalanje, cyan, mtundu woyera. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza Brown. Izi chodetsa ambiri amavomereza ndi ntchito njira yokonza unsembe. Zero wochititsa ikusonyezedwa:

1. Blue - ndi ndale (N).
2. Yellow ndi lamizeremizere wobiriwira - Ground waya chitetezo (Pe).
3. chizindikiro Yellow ndi wobiriwira ndi buluu pa m'mbali - ndi ochititsa kumatenda ndi ndale amaphatikizidwa.

Tikumbukenso kuti chizindikiro buluu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa unsembe. Chizindikiro m'madera magetsi tisatongwa ndi Buku chakuti pali pamaso pa Tags. wochititsa ayenera kudzakhala ndi index wa cholembera.

Pa cholinga zinchito ochititsa onse zidzasankhidwa motere:

1. Waya wakuda - chifukwa kusintha mphamvu m'madera.
2. Mawaya wofiira - chifukwa mankhwala a amazilamulira, miyezo, kusonyeza.
3. Akuwauza buluu - Control, kayesedwe ndi ma siginalo ya DC ntchito.
4. Blue mtundu chodetsa opangidwa ndale kondakitala.
5. Yellow ndi wobiriwira - waya chifukwa grounding ndi chitetezo.

mayina Alphanumeric ku ziwembu

Tatifupi ndi chizindikiro cha zithunzi za Kulumikizana ndi izi:

• U, V, W - Kulumikizana gawo;
• N - ndale wochititsa;
• E - nthaka;
• Pe - waya zoteteza dera;
• Te - njira ya kwa mankhwala phokoso-free;
• MM - ndi wochititsa olumikizidwa kwa nyumba (kulemera);
• SS - equipotential kondakitala.

Chikhazikitso mu zithunzi ndi Kulumikizana:

• L - kalata lakuti (okwana) gawo lirilonse;
• L1, L2, L3 - 1, 2 ndi 3 mbali, motero;
• N - ndale waya.

Mu ziwembu DC:

• L + ndipo L- - mizati zabwino ndi zoipa;
• M - sing'anga kondakitala.

Amenewa amanena za kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito zithunzi ndi zojambula. Angapezeke mu zokhudza zipangizo yosavuta. Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zipangizo chithunzithunzi zovuta amafuna kudziwa zambiri. Ndipotu, pali zinthu yogwira chabe, zipangizo mfundo zigawo zikuluzikulu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, ndi ena ambiri. Ndipo aliyense ali ndi lakuti wake taperekachi.

ASB kumulowetsa zinthu

Pali zipangizo ambiri kuti atembenuke magetsi panopa. Iwo inductors, tiransifoma, chimalepheretsa. Chizindikiro thiransifoma madera - ndi coils awiri (akuonetsedwa ngati zitatu theka-mabwalo) ndi pachimake (mu mawonekedwe a mzere wolunjika zambiri). Amatanthauza molunjika mzere maziko a thiransifoma zitsulo. Koma pangakhale kapangidwe tiransifoma kuti mulibe pachimake, mu nkhani iyi, dera pakati pa coils kanthu. Chotero chizindikiro mchitidwe angapezeke mu madera a wailesi kulandira zida, mwachitsanzo.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira ntchito kamodzikamodzi thiransifoma zitsulo kupanga tiransifoma. N'lalikulu kwambiri, zovuta kulowa pakati pa bwalolo, pali mphekesera pamene tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake. Ndi mogwira mtima kuposa momwe ntchito ferromagnetic pachimake. Iwo olimba, ndi permeability chomwecho m'madera onse. Koma apo iwo ali drawback chimodzi - zovuta kukonza, monga disassembly ndi reassembly ndi mabvuto. Chizindikiro thiransifoma pachimake ndi pafupifupi palibe kusiyana kwa zimene zitsulo ntchito.

Pomaliza

Izo siziri zizindikiro zonse machenjerero magetsi, kukula kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu Komanso malamulo ndi GOST. Ngakhale mivi yosavuta, mfundo ziwirizi ndi zofunika, kumukoka anachita mosamalitsa motsatira malamulo. Muyenera kulabadira Mbali imodzi - kusiyana mu njira zopangidwa ndi mfundo za m'banja ndi matanthauzo. The mphambano ya ochititsa pa madera mayiko anasankha semicircle. Komabe pali chinthu chotero monga sewero la - chithunzi cha chinthu popanda kutsatira malamulo a alendo kwa nyengo. Zina zofunika ntchito kwa sewero kwambiri. zithunzi zimenezo zikhoza kutheka kuti muzione kapangidwe m'tsogolo, Kulumikizana. Kenako, udayesedwa zojambula imene ngakhale makonzedwe mayina zingwe ndi kugwirizana zizigwirizana mfundo.