Chitekimeni makalapeti: mwachidule, mitundu, kupanga ndi ndemanga

Kuyambira kale, makalapeti, m'nyumba, mu Chitekimeni moyo zinali zofunika kwambiri. mankhwala awa "chinkhoswe" m'pemphero, anapereka misonkhano chofunika banja, m'malo zifuwa. makalapeti Chitekimeni ntchito kutchinjiriza matenthedwe m'nyumba, komanso kukhala lokongola awo.

chuma national

Mu Turkmenistan, zinthu izi alidi ndi chuma cha dziko. Chitekimeni makalapeti ali m'nyumba - mbali yofunika ya auzimu ndiponso akuthupi mbali ya chikhalidwe. nyengo ntchito kupangira makalapeti, ndiponso mobwerezabwereza mu zophiphiritsa anthu. Polenga katswiri mapulani cha dzikoli kuchita makhalidwe ofanana.

Chitekimeni makalapeti - mwiniwake wa moyo, chikhalidwe ndi luso la anthu. Ndicho chifukwa mtundu amamangirira yofunika kwambiri kwa mankhwala amenewa. pamphasa chokongoletsera ali wokhoza kunena osati wa dera limene unalengedwa, komanso mmene mbuye makamaka umatulutsa. Sazidziwa bwinobwino pamphasa chomwecho limatiuza za miyambo, ikuimira anthu, anthu a dera ndi chikhalidwe cha Turkmenistan. pamphasa aliyense, kulikonse kumene zaonetseredwa amakhazikitsa "moyo" chake, "nkhope" chosiyana ndi zina zofanana.

Ngakhale lero, khalidwe pamphasa likugwirizana kamangidwe ka nyumba, kupereka chitonthozo. Mankhwala Quality amalankhula za amaika banja. Chimateteza katundu amakulolani kupulumutsa pa Kutentha kwa.

Pangani makalapeti m'mayiko ambiri koma Turkmenistan anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa pamene asodzi wakhala wotchuka padziko lonse. Chitekimeni pamphasa, mtengo si mkulu (100 zikwi. Opaka.), Ndi mtundu lonse. Ogula kwambiri amakonda katundu, ndi pa zisudzo zosiyanasiyana apambane mphatso.

nkhani

Akukhulupirira kuti zokongoletsera muofesiyo ndi dongosolo lomwelo pa mbiya pachibwenzi 4 Zakachikwi BC. The wamkulu pamphasa anasunga mpaka tsopano, akhala kupanga 5 m'ma BC. e. Asayansi anakhazikitsa kuti adzaupereka kwa pazyrskoy chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi ina, mankhwala amenewa akhala zimagulitsidwa ku maiko ena amene alandira dzina la Parthian, Bukhara ndi Persian.

Kale Chitekimeni makalapeti anapangidwa zosiyanasiyana zosowa zapakhomo. Iwo ntchito monga kutchinjiriza Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo, makatani chitseko, matumba.

The makalapeti poyamba zinali za ubweya woyera, iwo anali chokongoletsedwa ndi dongosolo zojambula, limene mafuko osiyanasiyana akusiyanako. A pamphasa wabwino unali chizindikiro cha chuma ndi mphamvu.

Chitekimeni makalapeti, umene pamtengo amazipanga mkulu, kwambiri kukhala nawo, kuphatikizapo mafumu. Kenako, umboni wa kufunika kwa mankhwala. Woyamba kutchula unalembedwa zaka 900-mi. Dziko wotchuka wofufuza Marco Polo anamusilira makalapeti, ponena kuti ndi n'kakang'ono ndi wokongola kuposa kuchipeza.

M'zaka za m'ma 19 Chitekimeni makalapeti anayamba kuperekedwa kwa chionetserocho mu United States, Russia ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya. Connoisseurs luso chi kuzindikira zitsanzo izi.

Kuyambira kale, mbiri makapeti Chitekimeni amayenda mu dziko, kumene anayamikira lero.

mitundu

M'mayiko ambiri, mankhwala amenewa amadziwika pansi pa dzina la Bukhara. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti iwo anali kale anawonjezera kuti Bukhara nyumba zikuluzikulu.

Webs anapanga pa gawo lalikulu anthu Turkmens, anatchula Chitekimeni makalapeti. m'dera tichipeza la Chitekimeni, Baloch, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan. Masiku ano, gulu zikuphatikizapo nkhani Tekke, Tekin, Salor, Yomut ndi ena.

• Tekke. Ndi dzina amachokera limodzi la magulu mitundu - Tekke. Teke Chitekimeni pamphasa amakhala ndi gawo ambiri - gel osakaniza, anagawa m'magulu anayi.
• Yomut. gulu makapeti chopangidwa mu fuko ndi dzina ili. gulu amaloledwa zosiyanasiyana dongosolo komanso kamangidwe kake. mtundu umodzi - opendekera mizere ya octagons zokongola. Pa zithetsedwe ndi latch akuonetsedwa mbedza. Pa mitundu yachiwiri octagons imakonzedwa vertically, iwo analembedwa nyama ndi mitu iwiri.
• Salor. Anapanga fuko Salor. Fuko lino ndi wamkulu mu Turkmenistan. kalembedwe Izi amakhala ndi kugawa medallion m'magulu 4. Ziwerengero zinyama m'dera lililonse la medallion lapansi.
• Ersari. Monga ukhoza kuyamikiridwa, amabala mafuko awo Ersari. chitsanzo yekha, mtundu uwu sanalengedwe, kotero medallions pa makalipeti awo satsatira. Yokongola zomera ndi tichipeza zinthu yokhota kumapeto otengedwa zikhalidwe zina.

Kuwonjezera mankhwala chikhalidwe angapezeke kuno ndi zithunzi ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana. mphasa pemphero wapadera.

zipangizo

Makamaka kupanga makapeti ntchito bwino nkhosa ubweya. TSITSI tikupeza pa mtundu wake, pachilichonse, nkofunika kwa mitundu yake. Nthawi zina ntchito monga silika m'munsi kapena thonje.

kuluka

Nthawi zambiri asymmetrical Persian mfundo ntchito, koma anthu ena symmetrical Turkey mfundo. Kuyambira zojambula zina Chitekimeni makalapeti yodziwika ndi chitsanzo mobwerezabwereza ndi mikwingwirima stylized zojambula kutsogolo.

mtundu

Kupanga ambiri makalapeti ntchito amtundu wina m'magawo amene amapanga maziko. Mu kamangidwe chokongoletsera adalipo wakuda, lalanje, wobiriwira ndi mitundu buluu. Mothandizidwa ndi ulusi wakuda kuti ndi chizindikiro cha mchitidwe madzi, anapangidwa ndi zodzikongoletsera.

utoto

Mpaka m'ma 19, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito utoto mosamalitsa achilengedwe, koma m'malo ndi mankhwala otsika mtengo m'zaka lomaliza. Ngakhale kutchuka kwawo, zimenezi zinachititsa kuwonongeka kwa khalidwe makapeti. Komabe, zapita patsogolo luso kunapangitsa kuti mitundu ano, kukhala pafupi ndi masoka. Panopa zambiri ntchito utoto mankhwala.

zokongoletsera

Otsutsa ndikukhulupirira kuti pamphasa chitsanzo amasunga m'mbiri ya mtundu. khalidwe lililonse lili ndi tanthauzo lake, ndi gel osakaniza - gulu la zilembo. Gulu lilonse osiyana anthu anayamba gel osakaniza kampani.

Chitekimeni makalapeti zidakali kuda mbiri ndi mafunde achipembedzo kulili dziko.

Anthu a Turkmenistan chinkhoswe mu pamphasa kuluka Zakachikwi zoposa, amene sanathe amalowerera chizindikiro pa khalidwe la anthu ake. Ulimi wa muofesiyo kumafunika nthawi kumafuna chidwi ndi kuleza mtima. Ngakhale maonekedwe m'malo n'chachabechabe, pamafunika ndende ndi kukumbukira kuti kupanga awo. Ngakhale atsogoleri achipembedzo anatambasulira makalapeti, kuyambira ndondomeko anaphunzitsa kuleza mtima ndi mkwiyo mzimu, chimene chili chofunika moyo wina pambuyo.

Aliyense mankhwala analengedwa ndi embedding ndi ntchito kwambiri. Kwambiri ntchito mwakhama anthu amapereka dziko zaka golide. The ofufuza za East kuti tsiku lililonse ayenera kukhala zikwizikwi nthawi kukachititsa lokwera lolemera chitsulo, chifukwa mu dongosolo la ubweya ndi ulusi. ntchito iyi pansi pa mphamvu ya iliyonse strongman, ndi Turkmenistan ndi gawo la akazi. Kuwonjezera pa kugwira ntchito mu makalapeti akazi aganyali munthu pazipita maganizo, chiyembekezo ndi malingaliro. Ngati timamasulira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ntchito pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa pamphasa mu wagawo, izo likukhalira kuti aliyense cholengedwa chopangidwa mazana atatu mphamvu kavalo. mphamvu zambiri chofunika kuwaunikira sing'anga-kakulidwe tawuni maola 8.

Reviews

Ngakhale kuti lero, ogula akuyesetsa kupeŵa makalapeti m'nyumba zawo, ndicho Chitekimeni m'nyumba muofesiyo ndi chizindikiro cha chitonthozo, chuma ndi kukoma zabwino. Ngakhale mtengo wa muofesiyo, ndipo lero iwo ali omutsatira yaikulu. anthu awa amasirira kutisokoneza kwambiri komanso mankhwala kwambiri khalidwe. Iwo ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zambiri zolengedwa yapadera manja a anthu. Malinga ndi ndemanga, mankhwala amenewa ndi othandiza, wokongola ndipo ali kukana mkulu kuvala.