Chijojiya usilikali Road - mbiri ndi modernity. State, magalimoto, nyengo, napereka malo pa mapu Chijojiya usilikali Road

Chijojiya usilikali Msewu ukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali makilomita 192. Mu 1799, malinga ndi tsiku la akalozera pa izo kusintha kulankhulana mosadodometsedwa. Mtunda ikusonyezedwa panjira. Ngati mukufuna kupita pansi kapena pa basi, mukhoza kuona chikwangwani chosonyeza woyera. Mbali wa makilomita Amowabu ku Tbilisi ndi Ordzhonikidze. Apa zimachokera Chijojiya usilikali Road, lomwe lili ndi mapu mu guidebooks lapansi.

mwachidule

Chijojiya usilikali Road (chithunzi pansipa) umadutsa m'zigawo zinayi loyang'anira dziko: Tbilisi, Dusheti, Mtskheta ndi Kazbek. Zikuchokera deta anthu m'madera amatanthauza m'madera amenewa ethnographic monga Mtiuleti, Kartli ndi Mohevi. Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu am'deralo ndi ulimi ndi nyama husbandry. Tsopano midzi yaikulu ntchito mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kuti zikugwira processing zipangizo mchere zosaphika ndi ulimi.

Zosintha zamakono

Chijojiya usilikali Road lero njira yayifupi ku Ordzhonikidze kuti Tbilisi, kapena mosinthanitsa. 5:00 - iyi ndi nthawi pazipita chomwe tingagonjetse, kuwonjezera, ndi yabwino kwambiri. Yerekezerani: kutalika kwa njanji ndi za 1400 makilomita, ndi kupanga ulendo, pangatenge maola 35.

njira akuyamba m'chigwa cha mtsinje Terek, ndiye limatuluka pamwamba, apatsira ovuta ndipo m'zigwa, iri yofulumira ku Cross Pass. Chijojiya usilikali Road chagona pa chigwa cha Aragvi, pano kunayamba Mletsky mbadwa. Izo ndiye lakamba zambiri ndipo umakhala lalikulu. Kumbali munakwanisa kuona lathyathyathya malo lotseguka, ndipo lili ndi minda ya zipatso ndi minda. Adasiya, ndiye pomwe inadutsa midzi yosiyanasiyana. Komanso, kukumana akale likulu la Georgia - Mtseha. Chifukwa kusuntha kudutsa Kura, anzake kufika Tbilisi. Wowoneka kukongola, mapiri otchuka - zonse izi zimathandiza kuti kafukufukuyu Chijojiya usilikali Road lero. nyengo zimasintha, pa tsiku bwino mutha kuona kukongola onse a m'deralo.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Kuyambira kale ankadziwika njira umadutsa chigwa cha Aragvi ndi Terek. Mu mbiri yakale zatchulidwazi za msewu uwu. Mu nkhani za dera la Iberia Greek mbiri Strabo analemba za izo oopsa ndi zovuta phiri njira. Apaulendo, amene ankalimba mtima kupita njira iyi, anali ndi ulendo zowawitsa. Ife tinali kukwera pamwamba m'njira, kotero yopapatiza kuti ali ndi ufulu awononge anthu awiri kunali kosatheka. linga ili mu Daryal Gorge, mu kwambiri kufikako ndi yopapatiza gulu. Malowa unadziwika ngati "pachipata cha Georgia." Chitsimikizo cha zimenezi ndi m'masiku a. Iwo amanena kuti mafuko woyendayendawu kuchokera kumpoto zonse anaukira. Pachifukwa ichi, lamulo la mmodzi mwa mafumu Chijojiya a mbali narrowest wa gorge Darubal chinaikidwa miyala. Kenako munthu wa linga wa inamangidwa ovuta mkulu. zipata matabwa, chitsulo womangidwa, Anapachikidwa pa miyala lubwe pafupi. "Darian" m'chilankhulo Persian amatanthauza "Chipata cha Alans". Kale pa chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino Alans anakakhala pa Caucasus. Iwo anachita nkhondo osaleka ndi dera la Iberia, ozikidwa ku Georgia, kwa munda wa mipita phiri. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi mbiri yakale. Anthu kuyitana gorge Aragviyskimi chipata. Mabwinja a linga wakale kamodzi anali ndi tanthauzo asilikali anasunga kuti masiku athu. Chijojiya usilikali Road lili pakati maganizo kwabasi. M'njiramo mukhoza kusirira mbali ya khoma kum'mawa, wotchedwa "The Castle ya Tamara".

chitukuko

Mtengo amene anali Chijojiya usilikali Road, chawonjezeka pa nthawi. Mu nthawi ang'onoang'ono, ndi heyday wa dziko udindo wake monga njira ntchito chawonjezeka kwambiri. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII Chirasha Chijojiya asapita akhala pafupi, ndi mapangidwe wotsatira wa mgwirizano wa asilikali. Anayamba gawo lotsatira chitukuko khwalala. Mu ulamuliro wa Catherine II asilikali Russian anatumizidwa ku Georgia, pamene nthawi ya Chirasha Turkey kumenyana ndi asilikali Chijojiya anatenga gawo polimbana Turkey mu South Caucasus. Pa nthawi imeneyi, njirayo unali wovuta m'zonse. Njira pamodzi izo wophatikizidwa ndi ntchito mwakhama ndi kungotaya akulu a nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1799 mtunda kuchokera Vladikavkaz kuti Tbilisi Russian detachment molamulidwa ndi General Lazarev anagonjetsa masiku oposa 30.

kufunika

Pambuyo mapangidwe mgwirizano mayiko awiri Chijojiya usilikali Road wakhala kwambiri njira kufunika. Pa nthawiyo ankatchedwa "Daryal". Wayamba ndondomeko ya kukhazikitsanso, yomwe inkafuna ndithu ndalama zochepa. Kutetezela apaulendo onse pa msewu anayamba kuoneka malinga. The redoubt woyamba inamangidwa pa chiyambi. Kapangidwe inkakhala kulimbitsa nsanja ndi m'misasa lomwe linaikidwa asilikali oteteza. Itayandikana alendo msewu, kumene otopa apaulendo akhoza kudya ndi kupuma asananyamuke kumbuyo pa ulendo wautali. malinga asilikali wotchedwa redoubts, anapereka dzina la Redant Pamudzi. Kum'mwera linamangidwa Dzheharovskaya linga. Mabwinja ali watetezanso lero. Mu zoyambirira za XIX m'ma mu Daryal Gorge anamanga mpanda wina, anafuna kuti asilikali ankhondo. The Interiors kuti kwathunthu mbisoweka, pamene makomawo ataima. Dusheti mseu m'mudzi anabweretsedwa mu 1859. Patatha zaka zinayi, mwambo kutsegula ake boma. Ndiye izo nalo dzina lake panopa m'malo woyambawo.

Zofunika kwapadera pa WWII

Chijojiya usilikali Road unathandiza kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Icho chinali yachidule kulumikiza South Caucasus ndi Caucasus. Georgia anali pozunzidwa mwankhanza wa German ankhondowo lopondereza. Asilikali kuteteza Ordzhonikidze, anaphedwa. M'madera pafupi ndi Chijojiya usilikali Highway kumadzulo ndi kumpoto, zinali kwambiri wamagazi ndi oopsa nkhondo. Mu malo amenewa zinachitikadi nkhondo amunamuna kwa Caucasus. M'mphepete kum'mwera kwa Terek Mtsinje ndi Urukh zinaperekedwa mmodzi wa mizere. Izo zinapita bwino mapangidwe a German ankhondowo lopondereza. Pambuyo usilikali anagwira mbali ya Maikop ndi North Caucasus, anayesa kuti ndi minda mafuta Grozny kenako ziboola Baku, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko misewu asilikali - mu Georgia.

Background ndi zolinga za kujowina

lonena George anamaliza kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, analenga Russian protectorate pa East Georgia. M'maiko oyandikana pangano ngati wachititsa yoweyula wosakhutira. Zosonkhezeredwa ndi Turkey Dagestan magulu zachilendo kukonza anawazunza choopsa. Mu 1795, nkhondo Persian analanda Tbilisi, anagonjetsa izo ndi kutentha kwa nthaka. ufumu anachenjezedwanso kuti adzalangidwa ndi chiwonongeko. Population kuchepa wafika mfundo yovuta. Otsiriza Chijojiya mfumu anakakamizidwa kupempha thandizo lochokera ku boma Russian pofuna kupulumutsa boma pa chiwonongeko koopsya ndi ikutha.

Chomaliza

Mu 1801, Georgia potsiriza anagwirizana Russia. Manifesto pa izi yosainidwa pa September 12. Imeneyi, inali njira yokhayo kwa dziko, chifukwa cha anthu anamuopseza muukapolo Persia ndi Turkey. Pa nthawi imeneyo, chipembedzo ndiponso chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha limati awiri anali ofanana kwambiri, pamene maiko chomwecho. Komanso, Russia ali ndi mphamvu zoyenera kuti anatha kulenga zinthu ofunikira a magulu lokhalamo boma Chijojiya ndi kuyanjana gawo anthuwo.

mbali Hrs

Dera kumpoto kwa njira umadutsa gawo ethnographic wa Khevi. Izi mawu mu chinenero Chijojiya amatanthauza "chigwa". Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthuwo amawanda wotchedwa chigwa-amuna kapena mohevtsami. Tsopano Chigawo chimakwirira kudera la zoposa 1,000 makilomita lalikulu. Iwo umachokera ku mudzi wa Upper Lars ku Cross Pass. Chiwerengero - za 9000 anthu. Malinga ndi malamulo loyang'anira kunagwa wa chigawo Kazbegi, womwenso Ossetian Chijojiya bungwe awiri ndi anayi m'mudzimo. Kazbegi ndi likulu la dera. Ndi posachedwapa, iye anakwanitsa kufika udindo wa mzinda. Mu Kazbegi amatsogolera zaka khumi zapitazo adakali ikhale mudzi. Ndi kuthetsa oyambirira mu dera ili la gorge wa Sno Gudashaurskoy Aragvi ndi Terek. Anachokera kale nthawi yathu ino. zaka zambirimbiri zapitazo chigawo kunagwa anaphatikizidwa Duchy wa Aragvi. Pambuyo pake, lidzasinthidwa malo palokha nazigawa m'madera angapo. Kudalirika mwa iwo a ku chigawo cha Edo, likulu amene anali St. Stephen - dzina la kale la m'tauni ya Kazbegi. Kumakhudzana ndi dzina la wansembe amene kamodzi anapulumutsa anthu a m'mudzi ku osefukira.

yojambula luso

Mu 1814, magalimoto pa Chijojiya usilikali Highway zidatheka galimoto matayala. Pambuyo pake, bungwe mofulumira imelo uthenga kuti wamangidwa Tiflis kuti St. Petersburg. Patatha zaka makumi awiri, ndi njira iyi ya mosadodometsedwa kavalo utumiki positi unapangidwa bungwe. Kukhala ndi wokhazikika ndi otetezeka ndimeyi chofunika kukonza zonse. Chimene ine ndinali pa nthawi imeneyo Chijojiya usilikali Road? Momwe wa chikudutsa pa mlingo woyenera mothandizidwa ndi anthu am'deralo lapansi. oopsa kwambiri, makamaka ndi zovuta kuthetsa m'madera ozungulira ndi mu Daryal Gorge ali. Pa nthawi imeneyi, amayambira zochitika monga wofuka chisanu ndi zigumukire. Kuteteza apaulendo kudutsa woyendera nthambi zolimba anali kumanga zikutipatsa konkire.

The otsetsereka wotchuka

Mwachindunji kumbuyo zikupita njira otsetsereka kwambiri. Izi wotchuka Mletsky mbadwa. Iye akuchoka mamita oposa 200 mu chigwa cha mtsinje Aragvi. The ndondomeko ya zomangamanga ake anayamba mu zaka zao za sikisite Mu zaka zapitazo. Kutsogolera ntchito analamula zina kuti adzipeza Statkovskogo. Pambuyo injiniya kuchokera ku ulendo Ulaya, anapereka pulani ya kukhazikitsanso chishalo msewu. ntchitoyi anali naye. Kumangidwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mletsky mbadwa inamangidwa mu zochitika lovuta kwambiri ndi woopsa. Kumathandiza kuthana ndi zopinga zambiri kuti kudula njira mu miyala, zimene zingathe molimba mtima kukhalabe olimba ndi ntchito. Komabe, chifukwa ndi woyenera kulemekezedwa. kupsyolela Mletsky ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha zomangamanga luso imagwira kusalala kwa mizere msewu. Kumapeto kwa otsetsereka pali gwero ndi dziwe losambira.

zenizeni panopa

Popeza 2006, ndi Russia Chijojiya usilikali Road chatsekedwa kwa nthawi yosatha. The chifukwa ofunda kwa kuyimitsidwa zoyendera anatumikira monga kukhazikitsanso ulendo. Ndipotu kusiya Russia ku Georgia zoyendera msewu njira malamulo anali zosatheka. Mu 2010, ulamuliro chipinda anayambiranso ntchito. Pakuti Armenia, kutsegula kwa malire ndi resumption kulankhulana ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chijojiya usilikali Road ndi lotseguka, ndipo pafupifupi hafu ya katundu mabwalo akhoza kusamutsidwa chabe pa izo.