Chida chachinsinsi. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Chingwe chachonde, chomwe sichidziwika kuti malo, ndi wolamulira amene amagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zingapo za Ethernet kukhala gawo limodzi la makanema. Zipangizo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizochi pogwiritsira ntchito fiber optic kapena cable coaxial. Zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi ndi Ophatikizana awiri. Mfundo ya concentrator ndi yosavuta: imachulukitsa zonse zomwe zimabwera phukusi la data ndikuzitumiza ku maiko onse okhudzana ndi izo.

Mitundu yowonongeka, monga mitundu ina ya concentrators, ili ndi makhalidwe ake enieni. Choyamba, ntchito ndi mtengo wa chikhomo zimadalira chiwerengero cha madoko. Zida zambiri za Ethernet zogwirizana ndi izo, zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ndipindulitsidwe komanso mtengo wake. Kawirikawiri, kachipangizo kamene kali ndi zida zogwirizana, chiwerengero chake chimasiyanasiyana kuyambira 4 mpaka 24, koma zina zimakhala ndi zotsatira zisanu. Chiwerengero cha ma doko chikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi kutuluka mabala angapo. Pachilumikizo ichi, chojambulira chapadera chimaperekedwa pachithunzi chilichonse.

Lili ndi kachipangizo kamene kali ndi khalidwe limodzi lofunika kwambiri - liwiro la kukopera ndikufalitsa mapaketi a deta. Mipando ina imatha Sinthani liwiro lake pamtunda wa megabits khumi kufika pamphindi. Mu zipangizo zoterezi, amasinthidwa m'njira ziwiri: mwina mwachangu, kapena mwachindunji, pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthana. Pachifukwa ichi, liwiro loyikidwa likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku maiko onse ogwira ntchito. Zisiyanitsa pakati pa ma hubs ndi mtundu wa makanema. Monga lamulo, gawoli limapita ku chingwe chowongolera kapena kupotoka, koma pali otsogolera omwe amawathandiza zinthu zina. Palinso zitsamba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuthandiza "hybrid" ya awiri ophwanyika ndi chingwe cha coaxial.

Mfundo ya mahubu ndi opanda ungwiro. Phukusi la deta limene limachokera ku kanjira imodzi, makina ochezera a makanema kumalo ena onse ogwirizana, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri liwiro la intaneti, chifukwa zipangizo zonse zamakono zimagwirizanitsa ndi intaneti kudzera mu njira imodzi. Ngati mapaketi awiri atchulidwa panthawi yomweyo, kugunda kungachitike, mwachitsanzo, kugunda kwa zizindikiro zomwezo, momwe deta ina imatayika. Mitundu ina ya mababu imatetezedwa ku zovuta zambiri. Monga lamulo, iwo amachokera pa gulu lopotoka. Ngati mwakhumudwa, izi zimathandiza kuti mukhale osakwatira Chipangizo, pamene kachipangizo kamene kamagwirizanitsa ndi kachipangizo ka coaxial kachulukitsa gawo lonse palimodzi.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchitoyi imakhudzanso chitetezo cha deta. Ngati makompyuta akulowa pa intaneti, ma phukusi a dongosolo limodzi amapita kumalo ena onse. Chifukwa cha ichi, zonse zomwe zimasungidwa pawebusaiti, ma-passwords a blogs, mazamu ndi zina zachinsinsi zimatha kudziwika kwa mamembala onse a pa intaneti. Pazifukwa izi, makina a USB omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti amatengapo mbali ndi kusinthana kapena kusintha. Chida ichi, chomwe chinalandira mutu wolakwika wa "smart hub", chimasiyanitsa ma CD a makompyuta olowa mumtaneti ndikukutumizirani deta kokha ku galimoto yosankhidwayo. Zolemba pakadali pano zimadutsa mu buffer, zomwe zimathetsa kusemphana, kuwonjezeka kwa mzere komanso kuphulika kwa deta. Chifukwa cha kudalirika ndi mtengo wotsika, kusinthasintha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku machitidwe apanyumba, pamene maimbati sakugulitsidwa.