Chibadwa - yakale masiku ano

Chibadwa - munda wa zamoyo zimene amaphunzira majini, chibadwa, ndipo malamulo ndi mfundo za kusintha kwa zinthu. Mfundo pamlingo winawake mizu majini agona kwa masiku oyambirira a chitukuko anthu pamene munthu mwangozi anaulula chakuti zamoyo akhoza adzalandira makhalidwe kuchokera kwa makolo awo ndipo, ndithudi, makolo. Polimbikitsa ngati mfundo vumbulutso mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo chotero panalibe kuswana kusankha mbewu monga chimanga ndiponso nyama. Komabe, monga chibadwa amakono anayamba mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndi ntchito ya Gregor Mendel. Ngakhale ngakhale kuti maziko thupi kwambiri cha chibadwa Mendel ndidali wosadziwika, iye anatha kuzindikira kuti zamoyo adzalandira makhalidwe ena mwa chindunji mayunitsi apawokha cha chibadwa. Ndi mayunitsi ndi ife Tsopano itanani chibadwa.

Kwenikweni, majini - ali mbali DNA ndi DNA - molekyulu kumaphatikizapo mitundu anayi a nucleotides, omwe akuyambira ndi heritable mudziwe majini zamoyo. Ndondomekozi chibadwa, nayenso, ndi ubale nyukiliotayidi ndondomeko ndi kwa amino asidi ndondomeko, amene ali ndi udindo ntchito mapuloteni.

Komabe zinthuzo, ngakhale kuti amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu maonekedwe ndi chitukuko, ntchito, ndi makhalidwe a chamoyo, osati imalongosola, titero, "chifukwa cha" chitukuko. Kupatula kwa chibadwa zinakhalira mu izi ndi zinthu zimene chamoyo amatenga chitukuko. Ndi kulankhula, chibadwa akhoza mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe Mwachitsanzo, mkulu-kukula, koma makamaka chilengedwe, zakudya, kuchuluka zolimbitsa thupi ndipo ngakhale kuphedwa zokambirana zenizeni - zonse zimene kwambiri bwanji makhalidwe mwachindunji (kutalika).

chiwerengero cha matenda akhoza opatsirana pa yeniyeni chitsanzo chomwecho. matenda amatchedwa "matenda otengera" kapena matenda, pakutchulidwa ndi chitukuko cha maselo amene amayamba ndi zilema. Munthu sayenera kusokoneza matenda polietiologichesky ndi gulu kuchepera matenda majini gulu. Kodi cholowa cha matenda majini? Chifukwa cha matenda otengera ndi wina kuposa masinthidwe mudziwe inheritable - ngati chibadwa, chromosomal kapena masinthidwe kwa mayitirokondiriyoni. matenda otengera chifukwa cha oposa sikisi sauzande.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pafupi asanu kapena mazana asanu ndi ana kuchokera wakhanda wabadwa ndi zina matenda osiyana mtima, kawirikawiri ndi matenda ndi kutengera za kumtundu. Tikumbukenso kuti chiwerengero cha matenda akhoza zimachitika ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, komanso anthu kapena zina infringements mu kukula m'nzeru mwanayo. Komabe, mofanana monga matenda ena cholowa kuti ungachitike ngati nthawi yoyamba, komanso anatengera kwa makolo (kapena mmodzi wa iwo). Mwina ndi mwana ndi izi kapena kuti matenda osiyana anachititsa zimadalira chiwerengero cha mfundo, kuphatikizapo:

1. m'badwo wa makolo. Popeza ndi zaka maselo amasonkhana zambiri yaing'ono masinthidwe ukuwonjezeka ndi zaka ndi chiopsezo kubereka mwana ndi chosayenerera majini;

2. yogwirizana aya. Achibale kungakhale onyamula majini chomwecho odwala, amene amanena momveka bwino kusokoneza ana;

3. poyamba anakumana mu banja majini anomaly. Zimenezi zingakhale kapena mu mawonekedwe a matenda aakulu banja, ndi pamaso pa ana odwala kale anabadwa;

4. yoperekedwa kwa ena mafuko.

Kalanga, njira yabwino kuchiza matenda kumtundu kupewa awo, amene ankaona upo chibadwa ndi kuyezetsa majini - ndipo ngakhale patsogolo pathupi.