Bungwe Federation of Assembly Federal Akuluakulu a ku Russia: mapangidwe, zikuchokera, mphamvu

Pafupifupi m'mayiko onse kumene yamalamulo, izo lagawidwa zipinda ziwiri. Izi zikachitika - njira yachidule kulenga dongosolo la macheke ndi sikelo. Ngati chipinda chimodzi umafuna radicalism, winayo ndigwire zosankha zake kapena kusintha malamulo kuti iwo zovomerezeka komanso zothandiza. chipangizo wotero anabadwa mu West ndipo anatengedwa mu Russia ano. Bungwe Federation of Assembly Federal la Chitaganya cha Russian - ndi nyumba chapamwamba yamalamulo (boma Duma ndi m'munsi).

mpando

The nyumba chapamwamba anaonekera mu yamalamulo Russian mu 1990. Koma zinachitika ku Bungwe la Federation anali pang'ono kuchita naye, ndipo anali mankhwala a boma la Soviet. Kuti zonse zinasintha mu 1993 pamene dziko linayamba malamulo atsopano. Malinga, ndipo inakhazikitsidwa ndi Bungwe la Federation of Assembly Federal la Chitaganya cha Russia. Kapangidwe ka yamalamulo ndi enshrined Gawo 95 la malamulo zofunika la Russia.

Pakati pa zipinda ziwiri Assembly Federal kusiyana ofunika kuti awo mapangidwe ndi kudziwa zanchito. Bungwe Anapatsidwa mphamvu, zimene wotetezedwa iye udindo wa maziko chachikulu boma. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, thupi ili ambiri amati ndi nyumba ya Senate ndi anthu ake - senators. Zotsatira Tingaone utolankhani ndi osasankhidwa, ndi mau, akuluakulu aboma ndi akuluakulu kiyi wa dziko.

mphamvu

Lonse Council Federation mphamvu ya la Russia kwathunthu anafotokoza mu malamulo Russian. The nyumba chapamwamba samvera kapena kuzivomereza lamulo lirilonse Panapita boma Duma.

zikalata amenewa anawagawa mitundu yambiri. Izi kwenikweni malamulo. Mphamvu za bungwe la Federation ndi yakuti mogwirizana mu alipidwa voti masamu ambiri kapena backlog chabe mwa masiku 14. Pa nthawi yomweyo, udindo wa malamulo ena ndi zolemba akhoza kuwapanga iwo kuvomerezedwa kuti ndayamba senators lapansi. Pankhaniyi, limagwirira wa kunyalanyaza chikalata siligwira ntchito.

lawmaking

Kodi wofunikila kulingalira Bungwe la Federation, malamulo pa bajeti feduro, misonkho boma ndi mitengo, ndalama, ngongole, ndalama ndi malamulo miyambo. Komanso, gulu lina ili monga mafunso a nkhondo ndi mtendere, chitetezo ndi udindo wa malire boma, chidzudzulo ndi ratification mapangano mayiko, potsiriza, nkhani ya ndalama.

Ngati Bungwe la Federation of Assembly Federal amavomereza lamulo, pepala zimapita kwa pulezidenti kwa siginecha. 112 mavoti (magawo awiri a senators a) kugonjetsa veto pulezidenti ndi 126 mavoti (firii kotala ya senators a) amavomereza malamulo pa kusinthidwa oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko.

kopita

Kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za mavoti wa bungwe Federation mwina abalalitse pulezidenti ku malo ake. Senators amaikidwa ndi oweruza milandu kubwalo la Supreme, Constitutional Court, Supreme Court chigamulo ndi ziwalo mu Presidium kubwalo la Supreme Court. Komanso, Bungwe la Federation of Assembly Federal wasankha amene adzatenga malo a Loya General ndi ziwanga wake. The nyumba chapamwamba yamalamulo chimaika nthumwi ziwiri kwa Council National kubanki. Iwo amasonyeza Malawi Komiti auditors ndi kazembe tcheyamani ake.

Matupi a Bungwe la Federation adzakhala anaika membala wachitatu wa CEC wa - Commission zisankho Central, amene nthawi ya masankho ofuna dziko. Monga amasankha amene adzakhala mmodzi wa mamembala a bungwe la bungwe la Federal, ndi kutsatira wa masheya msika. Senate Nthumwi mamembala a Service Public pansi Council Russian pulezidenti.

zina

Ali ndi mphamvu komanso si zogwirizana ndi kopita kuti ali Council Federation. The Constitution limanena kuti akunenayo malire atsopano pakati pa nzika za la Russia, ndi lamulo pulezidenti kulengeza boma la mwadzidzidzi kapena malamulo achisilikali. M'chipinda cham'mwamba Mzimuyo tsiku la chisankho cha Pulezident.

Council Federation (wapampando wa Bungwe la Federation ndi senators) ali ndi ufulu kugwira ntchito mu misonkhano awo mode. Ovuta 1-2 pamwezi panthawi kwa October kwa July. Misonkhano akhoza chachilendo ngati Purezidenti amalandira maganizodwe a nduna yaikulu, boma, wachisanu wa mamembala a bungwe la Federation, kapena Russia m'chigawochi. quorum A amafuna pamaso pa theka la anthu a nyumba chapamwamba yamalamulo. Ngati 50% ali sizinawakhudze, msonkhano anaona ineligible. Monga ulamuliro, ndi Council Federation akugwira ntchito mode lotseguka Komabe, ngati amaperekedwa ndi malamulo, mode akhoza kutseka.

The patsogolo ntchito ya

The Senate ali ndi ntchito yofunika yeniyeni. Woyamba imatengedwa uthenga pulezidenti kuti Assembly Federal ndi mankhwala ake. Next ndi kusinthidwa kwa Constitution, asilikali malamulo oyendetsera dziko ndi boma. Ena udindo wa phunziro kwa review kuvomerezedwa. Chachitatu ndi kugonjera zopempha ndi maganizo mwa ndondomeko izi kwa Constitutional Court. inawo imatengedwa amawatenga boma Duma ya malamulo Federal zokhudza nkhani ya chidzudzulo ndi ratification mapangano lonse.

Federation Council misonkhano imachitikira motsatira malamulo. Kodi senators ndi mwayi wolankhula ndi co-lipoti akusimba mawu otsiriza. Iwo ali oyenera nawo maganizo amenewo, kupanga ziganizo ndi apilo.

Dongosolo la mapangidwe

Monga lamulo la Council Federation, iwo anafika ndi nthumwi ziwiri ku nkhani ya la Russia. Limodzi ndi yamalamulo m'deralo, winayo - ndi wamkulu. Amakhala pa chilichonse Kazembe - zaka ziwiri. Zikuchokera ku Bungwe la Federation zikusintha pang'onopang'ono ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu mu zigawo.

Malinga ndi malamulo, anthu a nyumba chapamwamba yamalamulo kusangalala chitetezo chokwanira. Iwo sangakhoze unachitikira criminally ndi administratively wopalamula chifukwa chofotokoza malo awo ndi malingaliro ya mavoti onse. Bungwe Federation lili ndi kupangidwa pa mfundo za si partisanship. mamembala ake sapeka mayanjano kapena tuzigawo twa, monga mwambo mu State Duma.

Nthawi yokhala pa nchito ya Bungwe la Federation lonse alibe malire. Mosiyana ndi State Duma wa zikuchokera kwa thupi ili pansi pa a "kasinthasintha zofewa". Izi zikutanthauza kuti yokhala pa nchito ya yense wa mamembala ake anatsimikiza ulamuliro oyandikana. Malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino kuti mwayi atatu okha amene State Duma ndi Bungwe la Russia Federation palimodzi. mlandu umenewu limalongosola Constitutional Court, pulezidenti wa mauthenga ndi malankhulidwe mitu yachilendo ya boma. Ambiri, aliyense chipinda kutsatira mfundo za noninterference mu zochitika za wina.

kapangidwe

Bungwe la mamembala 170 Federation. Iwo agawidwa makomiti (Kumenyana ndi Affairs Security, ndi Judicial ndi Affairs private Constitutional Chilamulo, pa mfundo msonkho, bajeti, chuma malamulo, ndi zina zotero. D.). Mmodzi wa mayunitsi udindo mfundo chikhalidwe. Zina zonse unagona katundu ndi kusintha zachuma. Pomaliza, pali komiti pa zochitika CIS ndi zochitika padziko lonse. Wa senators zinakhalira mu magulu a chikhalidwe, sayansi, maphunziro ndi mfundo za ulimi.

Komiti iliyonse amapereka malangizo pa nkhani kugwa mu ulamuliro wake. Komanso akufotokozera ndi ndemanga kusodza malamulo akufuna kugonjera kwa State Duma. Makomiti akhoza kuyambitsa mlandu aphungu. Mu mayunitsi amenewa akuphatikizapo anthu onse a Bungwe la Federation, kuwonjezera pa wapampando ndi angapo omuthandizira ake. Aliyense Kazembe amadziwika ndi komiti chimodzi chokha, monga gawo limene ayenera kukhala anthu osachepera 10. ndi "Boma" yogawa ziyenela kuvomelezedwa ndi voti ambiri (ambiri mavoti).

tcheyamani

Bungwe la Federation walunjika ndi tcheyamaniyo. Kuyambira 2011 mpaka pano, malo awa imene Valentina Matvienko. Tcheyamani zambiri mphamvu gulu ndi wamkulu. Iye amatsogolera msonkhano Mzimuyo malamulo a mkati mwa Nyumba, yolembedwa ndi zosankha zake, allocates ntchito mwa maguluwo wake.

Wapampando ku Komiti ya ngongole anadutsa State Duma, komanso ngongole zimene akufuna kuti boma Duma. Iye osankhidwa kupsyolelal ndi chisanko cholemekeza chinsinsi. The candidacy wavomerezedwa ndi theka, ndi liwu limodzi.

Bwino ndi ubale ndi pulezidenti

The State Duma, boma la Russia, Council Federation ndi mabungwe ena boma kugwira ntchito mogwirizana, kotero Council Federation nthawi zonse ali ndi zolinga zina. Iwo aumbike mwa wapampando ndipo zochokera maganizo a makomiti ndi komishoni ya m'chipinda chapamwamba. nkhani pa uchimo mwina asankhe gulu la senators la anthu osachepera 10 komanso senators awiri woimira nkhani ya la Russia. kusintha awo mu chizolowezi akhoza kupanga pulezidenti woimira wapadera mu Bungwe la Federation.

Mutu wa boma interacts ndi nyumba chapamwamba nyumba yamalamulo ndiponso m'njira zina. Pachikhalidwe n'kofunika uthenga Pulezidenti pachaka kuti Assembly Federal. Ndi munthu woyamba formulates mavuto zikuluzikulu ndi mavuto amene akukumana ndi boma ndi omwe ayenera kuthetsedwa choyamba. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale zovuta za kufunika kusintha msonkho ndi banki dongosolo. Zikatero, ndi State Duma ndi Bungwe la Federation adzakhala kuganizira njira akufuna ya mutsogoleli wadziko.

Mbiri ya

Msonkhano woyamba wa Federation ndi wagwira ntchito mu 1994-1996. Iye anali kusintha choncho ngati zosiyana wakhala wosankhidwa mwachindunji ndi anthu osati boma la nkhani RF. predstatel wake anali Vladimir Shumeyko.

Bungwe la Federation kachiwiri komanso anakumbukira ngati "Bwanamkubwa nkhaniyo." Iye anakhala kuchokera 1996-2001. Iwo ankapita ndi Yegor Stroyev. Chinthu chapadera wa bungwe Federation - izo unalembedwa wa abwanamkubwa ndi atsogoleri a legislatures m'deralo. Senators sizinayende maziko osasamba nthawi msonkhano mu Moscow.

Nthawi yachitatu ya mapangidwe Council Federation anabwera 2002-2012 biennium. Ndi pamene iye potsiriza kutaya chikhalidwe chawo Transitional, ndipo anatengera mawonekedwe khola. Tcheyamani wa Federation Council Sergei Mironov anali, ndipo kuchokera 2011 - Valentina Matvienko. Wachinayi chapamwamba nyumba ya yamalamulo unapangidwa mochedwa 2012. Mozama lero. Reformatting chifukwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo latsopano boma pa Council Federation.