Brand - ndi njira yodalirika kudziwa

Kamodzi anthu ali ndi chuma payekha mu mawonekedwe a ziweto, panali kufunika amatchula izo. Animal chizindikiritso anthu akhala ndi chizindikiro. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha mawonekedwe ena, amene nthawi zambiri otentha chitsulo, yoyaka pa khungu la nyama. zipsera Unhealed sakanakhoza kuchotsedwa, amakhalabe moyo.

A mbiri pang'ono

M'mayiko ndi mbali yaikulu msipu ziweto kusunga ndi njira yabwino kudziwa nyama Chalk mtundu. ameneŵa anaikidwa ku kukhazikitsa malamulo. Mu US, pambuyo kulembetsa boma chilolezo ntchito. A boma ntchito yapadera anatsatira kuonetsetsa kuti metilos nyama sitampu chimodzi chokha. Violation anali imposition wa mtundu wina ndi mzake.

Ndi zovuta kunena zomwe anthu oyamba ndinaganiza zimene munthu chizindikiritso nyama. Amadziwika kuti ku Greece racers chofunika kwambiri pa rump anaika sitampu ya «Q». Malinga ndi etymological kafukufuku "mtundu" amachokera ku chinenero Turkic, likumasuliridwa kuti zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro.

M'mayiko European, chizindikiro chosiyana anatumikira monga ngati pasipoti ya akavalo, zikusonyeza momveka iwo anabadwa zimene sitadi. Woyamba kwambiri ndi masitampu fakitale anali:

• 1722 - mu Hradiste;
• 1755 - mu Zweibrücken;
• 1768 - Celle;
• 1787 - mu Trakenene;
• 1788 - mu Neustadt-Dosse.

Kuwonjezera pa kutsimikizira magwero a kavalo, mtundu akutumikira monga chizindikiro cha khalidwe. M'kupita kwa nthawi, makampani ambiri pawekha Europe muli zizindikiro zawo. Only mu East Prussia pamaso pa 30-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo panali oposa 200. studs Modern sindipeza mtundu wawo.

Soviet Union ntchito tavrenie zootechnical mlandu ziweto. Pakadali pano, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan ntchito wokalamba chotsimikiziridwa njira agogo pa msipu lakutali phiri.

njira

Kuwonjezera ng'ombe, zaikidwa ndi chiwerengero cha akavalo. Njira tavreniya akavalo:

• Hot. Njira yakale kwambiri. Hot zachitsulo thupi la nyama anali kuwotchedwa zizindikiro zina. Ilo likadali ntchito m'mayiko ena. Amaona chopweteka kavalo. Lero yasiyidwa. Mu Netherlands ndi Belgium, izo zoletsedwa ndi malamulo. Musagwiritsire ntchito otentha tavrenie kwa Thoroughbred zimasokoneza.
• Kukuzizira. Pakuti yozizira mtundu ntchito asafe kapena mpweya. Ndinakumana ndi ozizira mu maselo udindo mtundu odula amapereka tsitsi discoloration m'dera ankachitira. Osati ntchito ndi kuwala imvi akavalo. Iwo kuwotcha chizindikiro pa zogawanika. njira sabweretsa chisoni kuti sakutaya khungu la nyama.
• Mphini. Mphini ntchito pa milomo mucous akavalo. Ndi sabweretsa chisoni mtundu wa olemba. The mwayi waukulu - si kusokoneza ulaliki wa chinyama.
• Zisamayoyoke. Progressive njira kwa ziweto chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 21. The uweme koposa zonse ntchito lero.

Ziweto ntchito njira zina:

• Vyschipy. makutu nyama kumana ndalama khungu m'mphepete mwa khutu ndi kupanga dzenje mkati mwa chinsinsi mwapadera, malinga ndi malo ndi vyschipa khutu (kumanja kapena kumanzere) mosavuta kuwerenga nambala payekha.
• Mphini. Gwiritsani mbano wapadera ndi ya manambala. Iwo kuvala khutu lamanja. Nyama mdima enaake mtundu ntchito kapena minium.
• Tags. Pali zosiyanasiyana zimene mungachite, mfundo ndi chimodzimodzi kwa onse - iwo amagwira ku makutu a applicator wapadera. M'malo mwake, ntchito opatsidwa makolala. The njira wotchuka kwambiri kudziwa ng'ombe.
• Kutentha pa nyanga. Non-kuwotchedwa pa nyanga. Izo awasungira kwa moyo. Sangathe - akhoza kukhala zoopsa imfa kwa lipenga, sikutheka kuti ndilembe hornless ng'ombe (hornless).

umisiri

The chizindikiro monga tafotokozazi akhoza kuyika mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Sayansi ya ena mwa iwo (mu positi):

• Hot njira. Chinyama chili mu makina, ntchito yodula wabwinobwino, koma ntchito zake ndi zoopsa. A mbali zina za thupi kudula nyama zawo. Brand usavutike 700 ^C. ndi ntchito kwa khungu ndi kuthamanga wofatsa masekondi 1-2 kenako ankachitira ndi mafuta kapena emulsion streptotsida. Nkofunika kuti chitsulo anali kutentha bwino. Ndi Kutentha osakwanira mtundu adzakhala kuchepetsedwa. Pamene amaika - nyama adzalandira amphamvu matenthedwe lamoto, amene adzakhala nthawi yaitali kuchiza.
• Cold njira. Zitsulo ntchito ayezi ozizira kapena osakaniza ake ndi mowa ndi utakhazikika kuti ^-80 ° ndi ntchito kwa khungu poyamba n'zometa ndipombo acimbadzoza gawo mowa. Odalirika fixation - choyambilira. Sitampu mwamphamvu khungu la osachepera 60. (foals) kwa 120 (akavalo wamkulu) masekondi.
• Mphini. Iwo ikuchitika ndi pliers wapadera zizindikiro zazikulu osiyana. Mucosa wa chapamwamba mlomo kavalo kuwapukuta ndi mowa ndi ntchito inki wosanjikiza (osakaniza mtembo Dutch mpweya wakuda mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1). Ndisonyezeni punctures ndipombo acimbadzoza iwo chekeni osakaniza yemweyo.

Kodi kuika manyazi

Only akatswiri wabwino kukhulupirira kuti kuwotcha mtundu. Ndi chizindikiro cha moyo. Kuyambira khalidwe la ntchito anachita zimadalira maonekedwe ndi zina umoyo wa munthu.

Pali malo angapo a thupi, amene anayamba kuika Tags:

• pa khosi pansi manyenje ndi:
• pa zogawanika;
• pa lamanja kapena lamanzere mbali ya sacrum ya;
• pa tsamba kumanzere phewa - chaka cha kubadwa ndi chiwerengero siriyo kumanzere ntchafu - Factory mtundu (lililonse kwa Russian sitadi minda);
• pa nsana, m'dera la mpando;
• kumanja kapena ntchafu bwino;
• mu nthawi zina tsaya.

zizindikilo

Kodi zizindikilo Alphanumeric. Mwapadera anayamba zina zachidule kwa zithunzi minda kapena mafakitale. Ku Ulaya, anthu wapadera analipo mu zaka 18-19, omwe zaikidwa nechistoporodnyh akavalo. Ku Central Asia, ndi watanthauzo mwiniwake wa kavalo anali, pretentiousness anali manyazi, nthawizina mobwerezabwereza ndi generic chizindikiro. European manyazi kugwirizana ndi heraldry. obereketsa Modern ogwirizana m'madera onsewo, iwo ndi mtundu wawo. chizindikiro aliyense ali tanthauzo lake:

• mbawala antlers (pa trakenov) - chikumbutso nkhalango Prussian, pamene masewera wolemera wamkulu;
• Muvi - liwiro;
• Njoka - kusinthasintha;
• Mphungu - mphamvu;
• edelweiss - umboni chiyambi phiri la mtundu wa;
• Korona - chizindikiro cha otchuka wa mwini kavalo.

Masiku ano, mayiko ambiri European anapsa mtundu - ndi chidina zakale. umisiri wamakono kulola kuti agwire ndondomeko "olemba" wa nyama pafupifupi sabweretsa chisoni. Mawu oyamba a microchip amatenga angapo masekondi, simuyenera kuti kusonkhanitsa brigade onse ogwira ntchito kukonza nyama. No masabata yaitali ya machiritso a zilonda lotseguka pambuyo amayaka matenthedwe. Chip kakunena zonse zofunikira za nyama. zipangizo Special yowerenga thandizo yomweyo kuzindikira munthu aliyense.