Batire la dzuwa la mbadwo watsopanowu m'dzikoli kwa nyumba yaumwini: ndemanga, zithunzi

Chifukwa cha kukula kwa matekinoloje, pali chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha mwayi wopezera ndalama ndi malo abwino otentha nyumba zapanyumba. Batire la dzuwa la mbadwo watsopanowo ndi mwayi wopatsidwa mphamvu kuchokera ku zochitika zachilengedwe, kupatula mphamvu ya dzuwa ilibe.

Kuli bwino?

Mapale oyambirira a dzuwa anawonekera kale kwambiri. Masiku ano, machitidwewa ndi opangidwa bwino komanso amatha kusintha, kotero n'zotheka kusankha njira zatsopano zotentha. Masentimita a dzuwa a nyumba yaumwini ali ndi ubwino wambiri poyerekezera ndi njira zowonetsera malo:

1. Nyumba zanu zidzaperekedwa ndi kutentha momwe mukufunira.
2. Nthawi zonse mumakhala otentha m'nyumbayo pamlingo umene mumakhala nawo.
3. Kutentha kwanu kumakhala kotsika kwathunthu ndikudziimira nokha momwe ntchito zothandiza zimagwirira ntchito.
4. Mutha kupulumutsa kwambiri pa kulipira mphamvu chifukwa mabatire ali ndi moyo wautali.

Zojambula

Selo yatsopano yatsopano ya dzuwa ndi selo la photovoltaic lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi. Selo lirilonse limapangidwa ndi zipangizo za semiconductor, nthawi zambiri silicon. Ma Rays amagwera pazitsulo, kutentha, kutenga mphamvu zomwezo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yowonjezera mkati mwa semiconductor, ma electron amatulutsidwa. Photocell imathandizidwa ndi munda wamagetsi. Ntchito yake ndi kutsogolera magetsi osankhidwa mumsewu wina, ndipo kutuluka uku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale magetsi. Pamwamba ndi pansi pa chithunzichi mukhoza kuthandizidwa ndi zitsulo zothandizira, kotero kuti pakalipano zidzasinthidwa kudzera mu waya, zomwe zidzatsimikiziridwa kuti zipangizo zina zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zimagwira bwanji ntchito?

Mzere watsopano wamakina oyendetsa dzuwa mu mawonekedwe achikhalidwe ali ndi chipangizo chotsatira:

• Batire yomwe imakhala ngati jenereta yeniyeni yeniyeni;
• Batire ili ndi chipangizo chowongolera;
• Inverter, yomwe ntchito yake ndikutembenuka kwa panopa mwachindunji kukhala mtsogolo.

Batire lokha ndilo maselo a dzuwa (amatchedwanso ma photoelectric converters), chifukwa chakuti mphamvu ya dzuwa imasandulika mphamvu ya magetsi.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Masankhulidwe a dzuwa a nyumba yaumwini ndi yopindulitsa komanso yosavuta, yothetsera ndalama. Akatswiri amanena kuti, ngakhale ndalama zochuluka zogulira ndalama, dongosololi lidzatsimikiziranso ndalama zimenezi pambuyo pa chaka. Komanso, mungagwiritse ntchito chaka chonse. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito malo oyendetsera dzuwa ndi awa:

1. Chinthu chachikulu cha mphamvu ndi dzuwa. Amagwera pazitsulo - ma radiator omwe amatha kuponyedwa mu bokosi. Mbali yake yam'mwamba imamera kwambiri ndipo imatchula dzuwa. Zili m'mabuku amenewa ndipo zimasonkhanitsa mphamvu zowonjezera, zomwe zimafalitsidwa kupyolera mu dongosolo.
2. Makina opangira ma radidi amatha kusungunuka kuchokera ku mapaipi achitsulo, ndipo muyenera kusankha mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
3. Makoma a bokosi ayenera kumangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa a makulidwe ndi kutalika kwake. Plywood, hardboard amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi, ndipo kulimbikitsidwa kumachitika ndi zovuta. Nkofunika kuti bokosilo lisungidwe bwino. Pachifukwachi, magetsi a dzuwa amawotchedwa ndi pulasitiki yotupa.

Timaganizira zamtunduwu

Zoonadi, malo otentha a dzuwa ndi opindulitsa, osavuta, ophweka komanso onse. Koma ndi bwino kulingalira mbali zingapo za kuika kwawo:

• Ndibwino kuyika mapepala a dzuwa ngati pali masiku ambiri otentha m'dera lanu;
• Kuyika kwadongosolo sikopa mtengo, makamaka ngati mukufunikira kupereka mphamvu ku nyumba yaikulu. Koma mapulaneti a dzuwa a nyumbayo afika bwino chifukwa chakuti, ngakhale mtengo wapatali, dongosololi likulipira kale muzaka zoyamba za ntchito;
• Kotero kuti sitimayi imagwira ntchito moyenera, nkofunika kuti mbali ya denga ikhale madigiri makumi anayi ndi asanu. Pakati pa mabatire musakhale nyumba zazitali, mitengo yomwe idzapanga mthunzi, motero kudziteteza kugwira ntchito kwa sitima;
• Mukamayika mabatire pa denga, ganizirani kuti zinthu zomwe zili m'kati mwake zimakhala zolemera kwambiri. Choncho, ganizirani mosamala malo awo padenga.

Mitundu ndi zinthu

Masenema a dzuwa a nyumba yaumwini angaperekedwe ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono kapena akuluakulu a photovoltaic. Zing'onozing'ono ndizowonjezera mabatire omwe ali ndi volt 24. Malinga ndi ndemanga za machitidwewa, zokwanira kuti apange mphamvu, kuchuluka kwake komwe kuli kokwanira kutsegula TV kapena kuunikira m'nyumba. Chidziwitso cha machitidwe aakulu ndi mwayi wopereka nyumba zosanjikizana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.

Monga muyezo, batiri imaphatikizapo osonkhanitsa dzuwa , wotsogolera (amayang'anira momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera), mpope, madzi ozizira kwambiri kuchokera kwa osonkhanitsa, tanki la madzi, mpweya wotentha ndi kutentha kwa magetsi. Ndi mphamvu yapamwamba yotentha, simungopereka nyumbayo ndi madzi otentha, komanso mumangotentha pansi.

Kodi muyenera kuganizira chiyani?

Masentimita a dzuwa a nyumba zazing'ono akhoza kukhala njira ina yowonjezeramo Kutentha, koma kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi ndikofunika kukwera bwino. Ndipo izi, choyamba, muyenera kuyamba kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amakhala m'chipindamo, kachiwiri, kuchokera kumalo osungiramo nyumba, ndipo chachitatu, kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutentha ndi malo otentha a nyumba ya dziko ndikofunikira kuti denga lake likhale ndi ngodya ya madigiri osachepera makumi atatu, ndipo siteshoni yokha iyenera kukhala pambali ya dzuwa.

Kodi ubwino wa mabatire atsopano?

Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa sikutinso kufufuzidwa ndi m'badwo woyamba wa asayansi. Chotsatira chake, bateri wamakono a dzuwa a m'badwo watsopano unakhazikitsidwa. Zodabwitsa zake ndizokuti zimapatsa nyumba mphamvu ngakhale mlengalenga itatsekedwa ndi mitambo. Kuti apange mabatire, chipangizo cha nanotechnology chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde ambirimbiri. Chotsatira chake, malo ofanana a dzuwa adzakhala ndalama zochuluka, kupatulabe betri yokha ndi filimu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku zinthu zina zapakhomo. Monga momwe mayankhowo akunenera, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa malo ofanana ndi malo omwe ali otseguka ndi kutengedwa kwa madera akuluakulu, omwe adzatulutsa mphamvu yochuluka ya dzuwa.

Ndondomeko yabwino kwambiri ndi mbadwo watsopano wa maselo a dzuwa, omwe perovskite imatsogoleredwa ndi tini. Malinga ndi omanga, njira yowonjezera imeneyi imapangitsa kuti mabatire akhale opambana kuposa pamene akugwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera. Kuonjezera kuwonjezeka kwabwino, ndi kotheka kuchepetsa mtengo wogulitsa malo atsopano.

Tesla: ndi chiyani chapadera?

Ngati muwerenga ndemanga za iwo omwe adayika ndi kuika mazenera a dzuwa kumalo awo akumidzi, ndiye kuti tikhoza kumaliza izi. Poyandikira njira yowakhazikitsa ndikusankha zinthu zomangamanga, n'zotheka kupanga njira yamakono ndi yotetezeka yomwe idzakupatseni kuchuluka kwa mphamvu osati mphamvu yayikulu ya tchuthi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mateknoloji sakuyimira, ndipo pali mwayi wopenda mazenera a masiku ano a Tesla atsopano. Kampani ya ku America Tesla inapanga chitukuko chatsopano. Mabatire a magetsi a dzuwa amatha kupereka magetsi ku nyumba zapanyumba.

Monga momwe owonetsera amavomerezera, mawonekedwe atsopano a Powerwall ndi abwino chifukwa adzalandira mphamvu, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale masiku opanda dzuwa. Mwachidziwitso, United States of America ikukonzekera kusinthira ku magwero atsopano a mphamvu za m'badwo watsopano. Kugula Mphamvu Mabatire amphamvu ayamba kale!

Kodi ndingathe kuchita izi ndekha?

Masenema a dzuwa a ndemanga za kunyumba apindula ngakhale chifukwa chakuti akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuphatikizapo manja awo. Pachifukwa ichi, m'pofunika kukonzekera zigawo zowonongeka:

• Sitima yosungiramo katundu ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu yomwe idzakhala ili pabwalo la nyumba;
• Madzi am'chipindamo ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa madzi mumtsinje ndi mita imodzi;
• Osonkhanitsa dzuŵa ali kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumba, padenga, ali ndi madigiri makumi atatu mpaka asanu mpaka makumi asanu ndi asanu;
• Zida za dongosolo la zomangidwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya mapaipi - inchi ndi theka-inchi;
• Kugwirizana konse kwa mapaipi kumayenera kukhala kotsekedwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwambiri;
• Machitidwe otentha a dzuwa amadzazidwa ndi madzi.

Ndipo momwe mungakhalire m'nyengo yozizira?

Anthu ambiri amanena kuti n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala atsopano a dzuŵa m'chaka. Zithunzi zikuwonetsa kuti malinga ndi kukula kwa malo omwe machitidwe angakhale osiyana kwambiri ndi kukula kwake. Ponena za maofesi ozizira m'nyengo yozizira, zolemba zowonjezera: gwero lalikulu la ntchito yawo ndi dzuwa, ndipo magetsi a magetsi amatha kufika padziko lapansi nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Nthawi yowonjezereka, mphamvu zoperewera zimapangidwa. Magulu a dzuwa adzagwira bwino ntchito ngakhale chisanu chikugwa pa iwo. Koma ndibwino kumvetsetsa kuti m'nyengo yozizira, mphamvu zazitsulo zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi nyengo ya chilimwe.