ATP kaphatikizidwe: mbali ya ndondomekoyi

Mphamvu kagayidwe, zomwe zimachitika maselo onse a zamoyo, wotchedwa dissimilation. Ndi mndandanda wa zochita kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala organic, chimene kuchuluka mphamvu adzamasulidwa.

Dissimilation chikuchitika mu magawo awiri kapena atatu, malingana ndi mtundu wa zamoyo. Choncho, thupi kagayidwe mphamvu tichipeza magawo kukonzekera, anoxic ndi oxygen. Mu anaerobes (zamoyo kuti angathe kufufuta mu chilengedwe mpweya wopanda) dissimilation sikutanthauza gawo lotsiriza.

Chinthu chomaliza mu mphamvu kagayidwe aerobes itha malizitsani makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Pamene pogawanikana pamawere la tinthu shuga ndi mapangidwe mphamvu, amene china mu mapangidwe ATP.

Tikumbukenso kuti ATP kaphatikizidwe amapezeka mu ndondomeko ya phosphorylation pamene ADP amamangiriridwa ndi mankwala zochita kupanga. Choncho adenosine triphosphate ndi apanga mu mitochondria yokhudza ATP synthase.

Zotani chikuchitika pa mapangidwe kugwirizana mphamvu?

Adenosine ndi mankwala kuphatikiza kupanga ATP ndi mphamvu kwambiri ndipo zimenezi ntchito pa mapangidwe za 30,6 KJ / mol. ATP amapereka maselo mphamvu, kuyambira kwambiri kuchuluka kwake anamasulidwa pa hydrolysis ndi mphamvu kulemera ATP kumangigwa.

Maselo makina amene ali ndi udindo kwa kaphatikizidwe wa ATP lachindunji synthase. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Kakhungu ndipo ndi njira yomwe mapulotoni kugwa mu mitochondria. Pamene mphamvu izi adzamasulidwa, amene wapezeka ndi zina structural mbali ya ATP amatchedwa F1. Ndi zizindikiro stator ndi ozungulira. stator A fixedly ili mu nembanemba ndi imakhala malo ankadziwana, komanso alpha- ndi beta-subunits, amene ali ndi udindo kaphatikizidwe mankhwala ATP. The ozungulira limapangidwa Popanga madzi a gamma ndi epsilon subunits. gawo ili sangathenso pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya purotoni lapansi. Izi zimathandiza ATP synthase kaphatikizidwe ngati mapulotoni ndi Kakhungu lakunja la mitochondria mwachindunji kwa pakati.

Tikumbukenso kuti zochita mankhwala muchipindachi khalidwe okhudza malo inalamula. Zamgululi wa mankhwala ankachita zinthu amafalitsidwa asymmetrically (zabwino mlandu ayoni kupita mu njira imodzi, pamene particles zoipa mlandu zimatumizidwa ku mbali zina), kupanga nembanemba electrochemical angathe. Amakhala ndi zigawo mankhwala ndi magetsi. Izo ziyenera kuti angathe ili pa padziko mitochondria amakhala mawonekedwe chilengedwe yosungirako mphamvu.

chitsanzo anatulukira ndi English wasayansi P. Mitchell. Iwo ankati thunthu pambuyo makutidwe ndi okosijeni si afanane ndi mamolekyulu, ndi zabwino ndi zoipa mlandu ayoni, amene anayikidwa pa zomenyanazo wa nembanemba wa mitochondria. kopanda Izi ndi zotheka elucidate chikhalidwe cha kulumikizana kwa pakati pa mapangidwe mphamvu kulemera mankwala mu kaphatikizidwe ATP, ndiponso zopanga za kungoganizira chemiosmotic linachepa.