Atangomva mayeso nthaka. Engineering ndi Geological Survey kuti amangire

Mu ndondomeko ya zomangamanga ndi ntchito nyumba kuuluka mapindikidwe, tingayambe shrinkage wa nyumba yatsopano. zodabwitsazi zosasangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa likuoneka kuoneka ming'alu kapena nyumba mayina. Choncho, kodi pangozi opaleshoni zina. Koma n'zotheka kuwerengera shrinkage chiŵerengero, kupatula malire mapindikidwe wa kapangidwe ka m'munsi a. Mayesero ichi ndi ikuchitika mitundu malo.

Chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a njira

Khama la mapindikidwe katundu wa nthaka mu mmene akakhala katundu lalikulu malo amodzi. Afunika adziwe kuti kuneneratu compaction zambiri kapena subsidence. Izi zikuchita ndi gulu lonse la akatswiri.

sitampu kuyezetsa njira amapereka zotsatira zolondola kwambiri, choncho ndi imodzi mwa chinsinsi ndi mitundu iliyonse geotechnical ntchito. Makamaka ngati mukufuna pa ntchito yomanga maofesi mobisa kapena nyumba zosanja zitalizitali. Ndi lolondola deta mayeso ndi Lamulo GOST.

njira tichipeza mu pang'onopang'ono masitampu nkhawa zovuta, wokwera m'nthaka. Mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo wapadera, kuunikira katundu pa iwo ndi shrinkage atsimikiziridwa. Malinga shrinkage wa sitampu ndi kuchita masamu ndi mapindikidwe katundu wa nthaka.

masitampu Mayeso ndi cholinga

Mosiyana ndi njira cholinga, mitundu mayesero nthaka amafunika zida chipangizo kwambiri ndi kuvuta osiyana. zida zina zofunika ndi zida zambiri bulky ndi kukhala kulemera ndithu. Komanso, musanayambe kugwira ntchito zofunika kukonzeketsera nthaka Edzi. Nthawi chinthu kwambiri ndi zofunika: kuti tione chikhalidwe cha shrinkage nthaka, amafuna yaitali. Kuwonjezera zovuta mawerengedwe chilinganizo zofuna deta zapadera monga chiŵerengero Poisson kwa nthaka.

Ndicho chifukwa njira imeneyi si ntchito pa chiyambi cha maphunziro geotechnical, ndi pa siteji ya akamaliza ntchito zonse pamene malo osankhidwa yomanga ndi miyeso ya nyumba ndi cholinga. Nkofunika kudziwa pazipita chisanadze katundu pa mlingo pansi ndi kuwerengera zinthu Geological malo chitukuko. Komanso kusamalira mawerengedwe a mtundu ndi kuya bookmarks maziko a. malamulo onse anauyamba ndime zogwirizana ya Standard.

miyeso aphedwe, ndipo zimakhudza awo pa mapindikidwe a

Mu 1930 zinawululidwa kuti kukula kwa sitampu ntchito kwakukulukulu umakhudza mlingo wa mapindikidwe wa mtundu wina wa nthaka. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku Press lalikulu sitampu pa dongo ndi mchenga anakhazikitsako mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Shrinkage ndi sanasinthe pansi chikhalidwe cha mulingo sitampu :. Ndi mbali kuyambira masentimita 18 mpaka 30 ngati miyeso yake kwambiri kamo zedi awa, kapena pansi, kuchuluka shrinkage chizindikiro.

Chifukwa, Soviet Akatswiriwa masaizi osiyanasiyana kufa akhala masamu, limene kwa zaka zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mayesero. Izi mosabisa, kuzungulira ndi sitampu kwambiri kudera la 2.5, 5, ndi zikwi 10 masentimita lalikulu. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito sitampu ang'ono, ndi malo a masentimita chabe zikwi ^2, malo ake zikuchuluka osachepera pogwiritsa ntchito mphete wapadera. Komabe, masitampu ang'onoang'ono ntchito kokha m'madera wapadera, makamaka ku zitsime nsanja.

kukula analimbikitsa

Nawa masitampu bwino, malingana ndi kachulukidwe ndi mtundu wa dothi:

• Clay, mchenga, lotayirira nthaka ndi krupnoobmolochnye ndi sing'anga osalimba -. Stamps 5 zikwi ^cm2 ndi awiri a 80 masentimita IL imayambitsa dothi izi ndi zoposa 0,25 ..
• Clay ndi mchenga dothi ntchito mpweya ndi dera theka m'mimba mwake mpaka 57 cm. IL koyefishienti yosakwana 0,25.

Features deformability

Kudziwa muyezo chofunika wa nthaka akhoza kukhala ntchito yapadera chida - pressuremeter. Kuti ntchito m'munda wa mayesero kufa. zida Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti awulule makhalidwe ambiri a dothi pamaziko a mtundu wawo.

Pakuti mchenga, dongo nthaka organic kapena nthaka krupnoobmolochnogo kumatanthauza mapindikidwe gawo. dothi Clay ndi mosavuta mkulu wa subsidence aone koyamba subsidence kuthamanga koyefishienti ndi mapindikidwe wachibale.

Chilinganizo ntchito Poisson chiŵerengero

Yowerengera kukaniza nthaka pa zotsatira za kuyezetsa kufa anatsimikiza ndi chilinganizo wapadera. Limagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wapadera, ndi aliyense zimasokoneza. Njirayi imatchedwa chiŵerengero Poisson ndi chimachititsa mfundo zotsatirazi kwa Mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Miyala pansi - 0,15.
• Poluskalnyh - 0,25.
• Krupnoobmolochny - 0,27.
• Sand - 0,3.
• Loam - 0,35.
• Clay - 0,42.

chiŵerengero Poisson kwa nthaka nawo njira ya kuwerengetsa ndi modulus wa mapindikidwe. Koma, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu ndi lolondola zida ntchito, ubwino wa gawo lino kuchita masamu yekha pa gawo molunjika. Ndipotu khalidwe la magawo nthaka compressibility amene ayenera kudziŵika osati mosasintha. Choncho, imagwera pa chiphunzitso cha matupi linearly deformable.

Komabe, modulus ndi zonse, podziwa iye, komanso kapangidwe ndi katundu wa nthaka, kuwerengera mlingo wa shrinkage wa zomangamanga sadzakhala vuto.

Kuwonjezera pa mavuto gawo, atangomva kuyezetsa nthaka tingadziwire subsidence pamene wasambitsa ndi pansi katundu wina, kukula kwa a zosintha yapadera ndi kulosera za chikhalidwe cha nkhawa mapindikidwe pa ntchito.

Magawo a shrinkage nthaka

Pa shrinkage wa maziko nthaka opanikizika, amene amatsatira kudzera amafa, kuonetsetsa ena masitepe owonjezekera.

• Chisindikizo. Phunziroli wothinikizidwa, omwe amachepetsa makhalidwe porosity.
• Kosangalatsa. nthaka mu malire mgwirizano, koma ndi kuwasintha angapo pa m'mbali mwa maziko.
• Chiwonongeko, kwathunthu kapena pang'ono. The mbali linga la nthaka zimasiya kugwira, imbaenda ku nyumba mapindikidwe wotsatira. Ndale za nthaka osamukira pamodzi ndi sitampu, ndi m'mbali mwake amapezeka riser pansi miyala. Ngati katundu pansi pa uku kukuwonjezekera siteji, ngakhale pang'ono, mlingo wa kupsyinjika ikukula mofulumira.

Akatswiri ena olekanitsidwa magawo awiri okha shrinkage, popanda kusiyana kulikonse bwino. Komabe, zamakono zotsogola, lero inu mosavuta analanda ngakhale kusintha wamng'ono dongosolo nthaka.

Kukondetsa ndi processing deta analandira

Aliyense wa zomangamanga-Geological Kafukufuku kwa yomanga lowonjezera journaling, amene analemba deta zofunika. Apa ndi kuchuluka kwa shrinkage amafa pansi pa katundu. deta processing, malingana ndi mtundu wa zida ntchito, angathe kuchitidwa pamanja kapena kudzera mwa zipangizo zapadera.

Pamene mayeso uli wathunthu, deta kukonzedwa zikalata. Malinga ndi zotsatira awo analemba zithunzi, zomwe zikuoneka kuti kudalirana kwa kuthamanga ndi kufa shrinkage.

Mokoma ntchito ndi kusamalitsa

Pali zina zofooka kuchuluka kwa makhazikitsidwe yekha ndi awiri osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa, malamulo ndi GOST. Komanso ndikofunika kuwunika mlingo wa bwino verticality. Pa ntchito ya mpanda wake atathana ndi casing lapansi.

Pamaso khazikitsa sitampu kupha amayeretsedwa mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera. Pansi ndiye chimakhala see. Ngati mwangwiro lathyathyathya pamwamba sizingatheke, mchenga aikidwa 2-5 masentimita wandiweyani pilo pa izo, malingana ndi mtundu nthaka.

Kuthetseratu ndi mwamphamvu kwambiri pokhudzana ndi nthaka mukhoza, izo kangapo padziko tiyipukuse chitsulo chogwira matayala. Pambuyo unsembe mosamala onani mlingo wa horizontality, ndiyeno nthawi zina zipangizo unsembe.

Kuyeza digiri ya shrinkage ikuchitika ndi lolondola limodzi la magawo khumi la millimeter a. Pa ola loyambirira pambuyo inayake mayesero kufa nthaka imachitika pa mphindi 15 kuti deflections kayesedwe. Mu ola chachiwiri - aliyense theka la ora, ndiyeno ola lililonse mpaka mlingo wa shrinkage si okhazikika.

Pa kufika kuthamanga yapadera chizindikiro ndi maonekedwe a ming'alu padziko kufa kapena chikhamu nthaka. Pa mayeso amenewa ayenera anasiya.

Chifukwa cha luso lamakono, kukonza-Geological Kafukufuku kwa yomanga ikuchitika pa mtundu uliwonse wa nthaka, komanso pa malo Kuvuta iliyonse. Chovomerezeka kufufuza malo anasefukira ndi malo ngakhale Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga mosabvuta. Ndi mwambo mosamala luso ndi kutsatira malamulo a GOST chiyeso bwino.

N'zothekanso kuchita atangomva kuyezetsa nthaka m'njira ya. Ngati ntchito pobowola amachitika malo ovuta kapena womangidwa, akatswiri ntchito zida wapadera ndi augers.